1. Environmental Activist & Film Maker: Only Pope’s Spiritual Solution in Laudato Si can Save the Planet. Ezekiel 8: Weeping for Nature, Enforce Sunday Law, Close of Probation. Things, Things, Things: We must Downsize2. News Reports in the comment section under ProphesyAgainTV3. Midday Power Surge2. Intro: Psalm 55:17. 3. Isaiah 26:9—For when thy judgments are in the earth, the inhabitants of the world will learn righteousness.4. Hurricane Dorian slowly moving toward Florida… https://www.wesh.com/article/hurricane-dorian-slowly-moving-toward-central-florida/28885731.5. Southeast Prepares for Dorian: Schools Closed, Evacuations Set for Georgia, South Carolina…Evacuations were set to start today in Georgia and South Carolina. Schools, government offices and colleges across the region were closed. States of emergency were declared in Georgia and the Carolinas. https://weather.com/news/news/2019-09-02-georgia-south-carolina-north-carolina-hurricane-dorian.6. Read Ezekiel 8:14-18 and Ezekiel 9:1-77. Tammuz, Sumerian Dumuzi, in Mesopotamian religion, god of fertility embodying the powers for new life in nature in the spring. Tammuz was the city god. Tammuz was essentially a pastoral deity…When the cult of Tammuz spread to Assyria in the 2nd and 1st millennia bce, the character of the god seems to have changed from that of a pastoral to that of an agricultural deity. The texts suggest that in Assyria (and later among the Sabaeans), Tammuz was basically viewed as the power in the grain, dying when the grain was milled. A later important fusion was the merger of Tammuz and Damu, a fertility god who probably represented the power in the sap of rising in trees and plants in spring. https://www.britannica.com/topic/Tammuz-Mesopotamian-god8. #237. Sunday, like the Jewish Sabbath, is meant to be a day which heals our relationships with God, with ourselves, with others and with the world…It [Sunday] protects human action from becoming empty activism; it [Sunday] also prevents that unfettered greed and sense of isolation which make us seek personal gain to the detriment of all else. The law of weekly rest forbade work on the seventh day…[See Ex 23:12]. Rest opens our eyes to the larger picture and gives us renewed sensitivity to the rights of others. And so the day of rest, centered on the Eucharist, sheds it light on the whole week, and motivates us to greater concern for nature and the poor. http://w2.vatican.va/content/francesco/en/encyclicals/documents/papa-francesco_20150524_enciclica-laudato-si.html9. September 1, 2019— Pope’s appeal to pray, reflect, and act to safeguard creation…“Now is the time to rediscover our vocation as children of God, brothers and sisters, and stewards of creation.” Those were the Pope’s words in a message released for the World Day of Prayer for the Care of Creation, which is observed on the 1st of September. The World Day of Prayer falls at the start of the Season of Creation, an ecumenical initiative which runs until 4th October, the feast of St Francis of Assisi. During this time the Pope is inviting the faithful to pray, reflect and take action. Our prayers and appeals, he says, “are directed first at raising the awareness of political and civil leaders”, especially those governments “that will meet in the coming months to renew commitments decisive for directing the planet towards life, not death.” In the message the Pope urges the faithful undertake prophetic actions. “Many young people all over the world are making their voices heard and calling for courageous decisions”, he comments. Pope Francis stresses that, “we owe them real answers, not empty words, actions not illusions.” https://www.vaticannews.va/en/pope/news/2019-09/pope-s-appeal-to-pray-reflect-and-act-to-safeguard-creation.html.10. September 1, 2019— Pope to leaders: Take drastic action now on climate change…Pope Francis is challenging governments to show the "political will" to take drastic steps to deal with climate change during an upcoming U.N. summit…He began his appeal by quoting from the Bible about Creation: "And God saw that it was good.” Francis echoed pressing calls by young people for "courageous decisions," adding that "we owe them real answers, not empty words, actions not illusions.” https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/pope-leaders-drastic-action-now-climate-change-65323245.11. September 1, 2019. Environmentalist and filmmaker Yann Arthus-Bertrand joins forces with Pope Francis: Only a “spiritual” solution will save our planet….Yann Arthus-Bertrand used his camera once again to get on film what he considers his main passion: “nature and living beings.” Only this time he has co-directed the September edition of “The Pope’s Video,” which focuses on the preservation of the oceans. The Pope’s Video is an initiative of the Pope’s Worldwide Prayer Network to spread the prayer intentions the Holy Father shares every month, addressing both the challenges of humanity and the mission of the Church. https://aleteia.org/2019/09/01/environmentalist-and-filmmaker-yann-arthus-bertrand-joins-forces-with-pope-francis-only-a-spiritual-solution-will-save-our-planet/12. When we asked him [Yann Arthus-Bertrand ] why he decided to participate in Pope Francis’ initiative, the director of great feature films such as Human (2015) and Home (2009) admitted it all started with the publication of the encyclical Laudato Si’. “It really touched me,” Arthus-Bertrand explained. “It is a revolutionary text. With Pope Francis, we can all defend the same values.” Arthus-Bertrand admits he was surprised to find out environmental activists around the world knew of this document. “In my opinion, it is one of the fundamental texts on ecology.” Regarding the responsibility political leaders have on this issue, the French director makes his position quite clear: “The solution that will save our planet will not be political, scientific, or economic, but a spiritual one.” https://aleteia.org/2019/09/01/environmentalist-and-filmmaker-yann-arthus-bertrand-joins-forces-with-pope-francis-only-a-spiritual-solution-will-save-our-planet/13. That night in that boat was to the disciples a school where they were to receive their education for the great work which was to be done afterwards. The dark hours of trial are to come to every one as a part of his education for higher work, for more devoted, consecrated effort. The storm was not sent upon the disciples to shipwreck them, but to test and prove them, individually. . . . {OHC 56.4} 14. Things! Things! Things!On the table, on the floor,Tucked away behind the door,On the shelves and on the chairs,Dangerously on the stairs,Bureaus crammed and closets filled,Boxes packed and boxes spilled,Bundles everywhere you go,Heaps and piles and overflow Of Things! Things! Things!Things! Things! Things!Things of value, worthless trash,Things preserved or gone to smash,Ancient things and things just bought,Common things and things far sought,Things you mean to throw away,Things you hope to use some day,Cellar, attic, all between,One exasperating sceneOf Things! Things! Things!Things! Things! Things!Things that take our precious time,Hold us from the Life Sublime,Things that only gather dust,Things that rot and things that rust,Things that mold and things that freeze,Things that harbor foul disease,Things that mock us and defy,‘Till at last we grimly die Of Things! Things! Things!Things! Things! Things!Let me cease to be their fool,Let me fly their crafty rule!Let me with unsparing knifeCut their canker from my life!Broad and clear and small serene,Let me make my mansion cleanFrom Things! Things! Things!
The encyclical, dated 24 May 2015, was officially published
at noon on 18 June 2015, accompanied by a news conference.[2] The Vatican
released the document in Italian, German, English, Spanish, French, Polish,
Portuguese and Arabic, alongside the original Latin.[3]
What is pope's title?:Bishop
of Rome, Vicar of Jesus Christ, Successor of the Prince of the
Apostles, Supreme Pontiff of the Universal Church, Primate of Italy,
Archbishop and Metropolitan of the Roman Province, Sovereign of the
Vatican City State, Servant of the servants of God.
Pope - Wikipedia https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/PopeVICARIUS
VICARIUS - substituting for, or in place of FILII - means son DEI - means GOD
Kinyarwanda: VICARIUS FILII DEI=UMUSIMBURA W'UMWANA W'IMANA(666=http://biblelight.net/666.htm)
{“If
anyone worships the beast and its image and receives its mark on their
forehead or on their hand, 10 they, too, will drink the wine of God’s
fury, which has been poured full strength into the cup of his wrath.
They will be tormented with burning sulfur in the presence of the holy
angels and of the Lamb. 11 And the smoke of their torment will rise for
ever and ever. There will be no rest day or night for those who worship
the beast and its image, or for anyone who receives the mark of its
name.” 12 This calls for patient endurance on the part of the people of
God who keep his commands and remain faithful to Jesus.}Revelation 14 - New International Version (NIV)
{The Lamb and the 144,000
1Then
I looked, and there before me was the Lamb, standing on Mount Zion, and
with him 144,000 who had his name and his Father’s name written on
their foreheads. 2 And I heard a sound from heaven like the roar of
rushing waters and like a loud peal of thunder. The sound I heard was
like that of harpists playing their harps. 3 And they sang a new song
before the throne and before the four living creatures and the elders.
No one could learn the song except the 144,000 who had been redeemed
from the earth. 4 These are those who did not defile themselves with
women, for they remained virgins. They follow the Lamb wherever he goes.
They were purchased from among mankind and offered as first fruits to
God and the Lamb. 5 No lie was found in their mouths; they are
blameless.
The Three Angels
6 Then I saw another angel
flying in midair, and he had the eternal gospel to proclaim to those who
live on the earth—to every nation, tribe, language and people. 7 He
said in a loud voice, “Fear God and give him glory, because the hour of
his judgment has come. Worship him who made the heavens, the earth, the
sea and the springs of water.”
8 A second angel followed and said,
“‘Fallen! Fallen is Babylon the Great,’[a] which made all the nations
drink the maddening wine of her adulteries.”
9 A third angel
followed them and said in a loud voice: “If anyone worships the beast
and its image and receives its mark on their forehead or on their hand,
10 they, too, will drink the wine of God’s fury, which has been poured
full strength into the cup of his wrath. They will be tormented with
burning sulfur in the presence of the holy angels and of the Lamb. 11
And the smoke of their torment will rise for ever and ever. There will
be no rest day or night for those who worship the beast and its image,
or for anyone who receives the mark of its name.” 12 This calls for
patient endurance on the part of the people of God who keep his commands
and remain faithful to Jesus.
13 Then I heard a voice from heaven say, “Write this: Blessed are the dead who die in the Lord from now on.”
“Yes,” says the Spirit, “they will rest from their labor, for their deeds will follow them.”
Harvesting the Earth and Trampling the Winepress
14
I looked, and there before me was a white cloud, and seated on the
cloud was one like a son of man[b] with a crown of gold on his head and a
sharp sickle in his hand. 15 Then another angel came out of the temple
and called in a loud voice to him who was sitting on the cloud, “Take
your sickle and reap, because the time to reap has come, for the harvest
of the earth is ripe.” 16 So he who was seated on the cloud swung his
sickle over the earth, and the earth was harvested.
17 Another
angel came out of the temple in heaven, and he too had a sharp sickle.
18 Still another angel, who had charge of the fire, came from the altar
and called in a loud voice to him who had the sharp sickle, “Take your
sharp sickle and gather the clusters of grapes from the earth’s vine,
because its grapes are ripe.” 19 The angel swung his sickle on the
earth, gathered its grapes and threw them into the great winepress of
God’s wrath. 20 They were trampled in the winepress outside the city,
and blood flowed out of the press, rising as high as the horses’ bridles
for a distance of 1,600 stadia.[c]}Revelation 14 - New International Version (NIV)
The
danger sign and the punishment will be a total destruction of the human
kind not letter than 3 years and half after this Sunday Law will be
forced to obey and persecution to the God's Holy Sabbath Defendants and
there will be Zero Tolerance from Heavens Creator to destroy the Human
Kind.
{The Beast out of the Sea
1The dragon[a] stood on the
shore of the sea. And I saw a beast coming out of the sea. It had ten
horns and seven heads, with ten crowns on its horns, and on each head a
blasphemous name. 2 The beast I saw resembled a leopard, but had feet
like those of a bear and a mouth like that of a lion. The dragon gave
the beast his power and his throne and great authority. 3 One of the
heads of the beast seemed to have had a fatal wound, but the fatal wound
had been healed. The whole world was filled with wonder and followed
the beast. 4 People worshiped the dragon because he had given authority
to the beast, and they also worshiped the beast and asked, “Who is like
the beast? Who can wage war against it?”
5 The beast was given a
mouth to utter proud words and blasphemies and to exercise its authority
for forty-two months. 6 It opened its mouth to blaspheme God, and to
slander his name and his dwelling place and those who live in heaven. 7
It was given power to wage war against God’s holy people and to conquer
them. And it was given authority over every tribe, people, language and
nation. 8 All inhabitants of the earth will worship the beast—all whose
names have not been written in the Lamb’s book of life, the Lamb who was
slain from the creation of the world.[b]
9 Whoever has ears, let them hear.
10 “If anyone is to go into captivity,
into captivity they will go.
If anyone is to be killed[c] with the sword,
with the sword they will be killed.”[d]
This calls for patient endurance and faithfulness on the part of God’s people.
The Beast out of the Earth
11
Then I saw a second beast, coming out of the earth. It had two horns
like a lamb, but it spoke like a dragon. 12 It exercised all the
authority of the first beast on its behalf, and made the earth and its
inhabitants worship the first beast, whose fatal wound had been healed.
13 And it performed great signs, even causing fire to come down from
heaven to the earth in full view of the people. 14 Because of the signs
it was given power to perform on behalf of the first beast, it deceived
the inhabitants of the earth. It ordered them to set up an image in
honor of the beast who was wounded by the sword and yet lived. 15 The
second beast was given power to give breath to the image of the first
beast, so that the image could speak and cause all who refused to
worship the image to be killed. 16 It also forced all people,
great and small, rich and poor, free and slave, to receive a mark on
their right hands or on their foreheads, 17 so that they could not buy
or sell unless they had the mark, which is the name of the beast or the
number of its name.
18 This calls for wisdom. Let the person who has insight calculate the number of the beast, for it is the number of a man.[e] That number is 666.}Revelation 13 - New International Version (NIV)
The
alert movement of Climate Activism struck from September 1st to October
4th, 2019 followed Climate Change Emergency proclamation is the
reason to awake Wise People to Raise Up.
To go in deep against and know the common good (Sunday for a Holy Rest).
For Readers of Holy Bible:
{11 The Lord will guide you always;
he will satisfy your needs in a sun-scorched land
and will strengthen your frame.
You will be like a well-watered garden,
like a spring whose waters never fail.
12 Your people will rebuild the ancient ruins
and will raise up the age-old foundations;
you will be called Repairer of Broken Walls,
Restorer of Streets with Dwellings.
13 “If you keep your feet from breaking the Sabbath
and from doing as you please on my holy day,
if you call the Sabbath a delight
and the Lord’s holy day honorable,
and if you honor it by not going your own way
and not doing as you please or speaking idle words,
14 then you will find your joy in the Lord,
and I will cause you to ride in triumph on the heights of the land
and to feast on the inheritance of your father Jacob.”}Isaiah 58 - New International Version (NIV)
{28
Then the Lord said to Moses, “How long will you[c] refuse to keep my
commands and my instructions? 29 Bear in mind that the Lord has given
you the Sabbath; that is why on the sixth day he gives you bread for two
days. Everyone is to stay where they are on the seventh day; no one is
to go out.” 30 So the people rested on the seventh day.}Exodus 16 - New International Version (NIV)
1Then the word of the Lord came to Jehu son of Hanani
concerning Baasha: 2 “I lifted you up from the dust and appointed you ruler
over my people Israel, but you followed the ways of Jeroboam and caused my
people Israel to sin and to arouse my anger by their sins. 3 So I am about to
wipe out Baasha and his house, and I will make your house like that of Jeroboam
son of Nebat. 4 Dogs will eat those belonging to Baasha who die in the city,
and birds will feed on those who die in the country.”
5 As for the other events of Baasha’s reign, what he did and
his achievements, are they not written in the book of the annals of the kings
of Israel? 6 Baasha rested with his ancestors and was buried in Tirzah. And
Elah his son succeeded him as king.
7 Moreover, the word of the Lord came through the prophet
Jehu son of Hanani to Baasha and his house, because of all the evil he had done
in the eyes of the Lord, arousing his anger by the things he did, becoming like
the house of Jeroboam—and also because he destroyed it.
Elah King of Israel
8 In the twenty-sixth year of Asa king of Judah, Elah son of
Baasha became king of Israel, and he reigned in Tirzah two years.
9 Zimri, one of his officials, who had command of half his
chariots, plotted against him. Elah was in Tirzah at the time, getting drunk in
the home of Arza, the palace administrator at Tirzah. 10 Zimri came in, struck
him down and killed him in the twenty-seventh year of Asa king of Judah. Then
he succeeded him as king.
11 As soon as he began to reign and was seated on the
throne, he killed off Baasha’s whole family. He did not spare a single male,
whether relative or friend. 12 So Zimri destroyed the whole family of Baasha,
in accordance with the word of the Lord spoken against Baasha through the
prophet Jehu— 13 because of all the sins Baasha and his son Elah had committed
and had caused Israel to commit, so that they aroused the anger of the Lord,
the God of Israel, by their worthless idols.
14 As for the other events of Elah’s reign, and all he did,
are they not written in the book of the annals of the kings of Israel?
Zimri King of Israel
15 In the twenty-seventh year of Asa king of Judah, Zimri
reigned in Tirzah seven days. The army was encamped near Gibbethon, a
Philistine town. 16 When the Israelites in the camp heard that Zimri had
plotted against the king and murdered him, they proclaimed Omri, the commander
of the army, king over Israel that very day there in the camp. 17 Then Omri and
all the Israelites with him withdrew from Gibbethon and laid siege to Tirzah.
18 When Zimri saw that the city was taken, he went into the citadel of the
royal palace and set the palace on fire around him. So he died, 19 because of
the sins he had committed, doing evil in the eyes of the Lord and following the
ways of Jeroboam and committing the same sin Jeroboam had caused Israel to
commit.
20 As for the other events of Zimri’s reign, and the
rebellion he carried out, are they not written in the book of the annals of the
kings of Israel?
Omri King of Israel
21 Then the people of Israel were split into two factions;
half supported Tibni son of Ginath for king, and the other half supported Omri.
22 But Omri’s followers proved stronger than those of Tibni son of Ginath. So Tibni
died and Omri became king.
23 In the thirty-first year of Asa king of Judah, Omri
became king of Israel, and he reigned twelve years, six of them in Tirzah. 24
He bought the hill of Samaria from Shemer for two talents[a] of silver and
built a city on the hill, calling it Samaria, after Shemer, the name of the
former owner of the hill.
25 But Omri did evil in the eyes of the Lord and sinned more
than all those before him. 26 He followed completely the ways of Jeroboam son
of Nebat, committing the same sin Jeroboam had caused Israel to commit, so that
they aroused the anger of the Lord, the God of Israel, by their worthless
idols.
27 As for the other events of Omri’s reign, what he did and
the things he achieved, are they not written in the book of the annals of the
kings of Israel? 28 Omri rested with his ancestors and was buried in Samaria.
And Ahab his son succeeded him as king.
Ahab Becomes King of Israel
29 In the thirty-eighth year of Asa king of Judah, Ahab son
of Omri became king of Israel, and he reigned in Samaria over Israel twenty-two
years. 30 Ahab son of Omri did more evil in the eyes of the Lord than any of
those before him. 31 He not only considered it trivial to commit the sins of
Jeroboam son of Nebat, but he also married Jezebel daughter of Ethbaal king of
the Sidonians, and began to serve Baal and worship him. 32 He set up an altar
for Baal in the temple of Baal that he built in Samaria. 33 Ahab also made an
Asherah pole and did more to arouse the anger of the Lord, the God of Israel,
than did all the kings of Israel before him.
34 In Ahab’s time, Hiel of Bethel rebuilt Jericho. He laid
its foundations at the cost of his firstborn son Abiram, and he set up its
gates at the cost of his youngest son Segub, in accordance with the word of the
Lord spoken by Joshua son of Nun.{1 Kings 16 - New International Version (NIV)}
Elijah{ Elijah Announces a Great Drought
1Now
Elijah the Tishbite, from Tishbe[a] in Gilead, said to Ahab, “As the
Lord, the God of Israel, lives, whom I serve, there will be neither dew
nor rain in the next few years except at my word.”
Elijah Fed by Ravens
2
Then the word of the Lord came to Elijah: 3 “Leave here, turn eastward
and hide in the Kerith Ravine, east of the Jordan. 4 You will drink from
the brook, and I have directed the ravens to supply you with food
there.”
5 So he did what the Lord had told him. He went to the
Kerith Ravine, east of the Jordan, and stayed there. 6 The ravens
brought him bread and meat in the morning and bread and meat in the
evening, and he drank from the brook.
Elijah and the Widow at Zarephath
7
Some time later the brook dried up because there had been no rain in
the land. 8 Then the word of the Lord came to him: 9 “Go at once to
Zarephath in the region of Sidon and stay there. I have directed a widow
there to supply you with food.” 10 So he went to Zarephath. When he
came to the town gate, a widow was there gathering sticks. He called to
her and asked, “Would you bring me a little water in a jar so I may have
a drink?” 11 As she was going to get it, he called, “And bring me,
please, a piece of bread.”
12 “As surely as the Lord your God
lives,” she replied, “I don’t have any bread—only a handful of flour in a
jar and a little olive oil in a jug. I am gathering a few sticks to
take home and make a meal for myself and my son, that we may eat it—and
die.”
13 Elijah said to her, “Don’t be afraid. Go home and do as
you have said. But first make a small loaf of bread for me from what you
have and bring it to me, and then make something for yourself and your
son. 14 For this is what the Lord, the God of Israel, says: ‘The jar of
flour will not be used up and the jug of oil will not run dry until the
day the Lord sends rain on the land.’”
15 She went away and did as
Elijah had told her. So there was food every day for Elijah and for the
woman and her family. 16 For the jar of flour was not used up and the
jug of oil did not run dry, in keeping with the word of the Lord spoken
by Elijah.
17 Some time later the son of the woman who owned the
house became ill. He grew worse and worse, and finally stopped
breathing. 18 She said to Elijah, “What do you have against me, man of
God? Did you come to remind me of my sin and kill my son?”
19
“Give me your son,” Elijah replied. He took him from her arms, carried
him to the upper room where he was staying, and laid him on his bed. 20
Then he cried out to the Lord, “Lord my God, have you brought tragedy
even on this widow I am staying with, by causing her son to die?” 21
Then he stretched himself out on the boy three times and cried out to
the Lord, “Lord my God, let this boy’s life return to him!”
22 The
Lord heard Elijah’s cry, and the boy’s life returned to him, and he
lived. 23 Elijah picked up the child and carried him down from the room
into the house. He gave him to his mother and said, “Look, your son is
alive!”
24 Then the woman said to Elijah, “Now I know that you are
a man of God and that the word of the Lord from your mouth is the
truth.” 1 Kings 17:1-24 - New International Version (NIV) ,{ Elijah and Obadiah
1After
a long time, in the third year, the word of the Lord came to Elijah:
“Go and present yourself to Ahab, and I will send rain on the land.” 2
So Elijah went to present himself to Ahab.
Now the famine was
severe in Samaria, 3 and Ahab had summoned Obadiah, his palace
administrator. (Obadiah was a devout believer in the Lord. 4 While
Jezebel was killing off the Lord’s prophets, Obadiah had taken a hundred
prophets and hidden them in two caves, fifty in each, and had supplied
them with food and water.) 5 Ahab had said to Obadiah, “Go through the
land to all the springs and valleys. Maybe we can find some grass to
keep the horses and mules alive so we will not have to kill any of our
animals.” 6 So they divided the land they were to cover, Ahab going in
one direction and Obadiah in another.
7 As Obadiah was walking
along, Elijah met him. Obadiah recognized him, bowed down to the ground,
and said, “Is it really you, my lord Elijah?”
8 “Yes,” he replied. “Go tell your master, ‘Elijah is here.’”
9
“What have I done wrong,” asked Obadiah, “that you are handing your
servant over to Ahab to be put to death? 10 As surely as the Lord your
God lives, there is not a nation or kingdom where my master has not sent
someone to look for you. And whenever a nation or kingdom claimed you
were not there, he made them swear they could not find you. 11 But now
you tell me to go to my master and say, ‘Elijah is here.’ 12 I don’t
know where the Spirit of the Lord may carry you when I leave you. If I
go and tell Ahab and he doesn’t find you, he will kill me. Yet I your
servant have worshiped the Lord since my youth. 13 Haven’t you heard, my
lord, what I did while Jezebel was killing the prophets of the Lord? I
hid a hundred of the Lord’s prophets in two caves, fifty in each, and
supplied them with food and water. 14 And now you tell me to go to my
master and say, ‘Elijah is here.’ He will kill me!”
15 Elijah said, “As the Lord Almighty lives, whom I serve, I will surely present myself to Ahab today.”
Elijah on Mount Carmel
16
So Obadiah went to meet Ahab and told him, and Ahab went to meet
Elijah. 17 When he saw Elijah, he said to him, “Is that you, you
troubler of Israel?”
18 “I have not made trouble for Israel,”
Elijah replied. “But you and your father’s family have. You have
abandoned the Lord’s commands and have followed the Baals. 19 Now summon
the people from all over Israel to meet me on Mount Carmel. And bring
the four hundred and fifty prophets of Baal and the four hundred
prophets of Asherah, who eat at Jezebel’s table.”
20 So Ahab sent
word throughout all Israel and assembled the prophets on Mount Carmel.
21 Elijah went before the people and said, “How long will you waver
between two opinions? If the Lord is God, follow him; but if Baal is
God, follow him.”
But the people said nothing.
22 Then
Elijah said to them, “I am the only one of the Lord’s prophets left, but
Baal has four hundred and fifty prophets. 23 Get two bulls for us. Let
Baal’s prophets choose one for themselves, and let them cut it into
pieces and put it on the wood but not set fire to it. I will prepare the
other bull and put it on the wood but not set fire to it. 24 Then you
call on the name of your god, and I will call on the name of the Lord.
The god who answers by fire—he is God.”
Then all the people said, “What you say is good.”
25
Elijah said to the prophets of Baal, “Choose one of the bulls and
prepare it first, since there are so many of you. Call on the name of
your god, but do not light the fire.” 26 So they took the bull given
them and prepared it.
Then they called on the name of Baal from
morning till noon. “Baal, answer us!” they shouted. But there was no
response; no one answered. And they danced around the altar they had
made.
27 At noon Elijah began to taunt them. “Shout louder!” he
said. “Surely he is a god! Perhaps he is deep in thought, or busy, or
traveling. Maybe he is sleeping and must be awakened.” 28 So they
shouted louder and slashed themselves with swords and spears, as was
their custom, until their blood flowed. 29 Midday passed, and they
continued their frantic prophesying until the time for the evening
sacrifice. But there was no response, no one answered, no one paid
attention.
30 Then Elijah said to all the people, “Come here to
me.” They came to him, and he repaired the altar of the Lord, which had
been torn down. 31 Elijah took twelve stones, one for each of the tribes
descended from Jacob, to whom the word of the Lord had come, saying,
“Your name shall be Israel.” 32 With the stones he built an altar in the
name of the Lord, and he dug a trench around it large enough to hold
two seahs[a] of seed. 33 He arranged the wood, cut the bull into pieces
and laid it on the wood. Then he said to them, “Fill four large jars
with water and pour it on the offering and on the wood.”
34 “Do it again,” he said, and they did it again.
“Do
it a third time,” he ordered, and they did it the third time. 35 The
water ran down around the altar and even filled the trench.
36 At
the time of sacrifice, the prophet Elijah stepped forward and prayed:
“Lord, the God of Abraham, Isaac and Israel, let it be known today that
you are God in Israel and that I am your servant and have done all these
things at your command. 37 Answer me, Lord, answer me, so these people
will know that you, Lord, are God, and that you are turning their hearts
back again.”
38 Then the fire of the Lord fell and burned up the
sacrifice, the wood, the stones and the soil, and also licked up the
water in the trench.
39 When all the people saw this, they fell prostrate and cried, “The Lord—he is God! The Lord—he is God!”
40
Then Elijah commanded them, “Seize the prophets of Baal. Don’t let
anyone get away!” They seized them, and Elijah had them brought down to
the Kishon Valley and slaughtered there.
41 And Elijah said to
Ahab, “Go, eat and drink, for there is the sound of a heavy rain.” 42 So
Ahab went off to eat and drink, but Elijah climbed to the top of
Carmel, bent down to the ground and put his face between his knees.
43 “Go and look toward the sea,” he told his servant. And he went up and looked.
“There is nothing there,” he said.
Seven times Elijah said, “Go back.”
44 The seventh time the servant reported, “A cloud as small as a man’s hand is rising from the sea.”
So Elijah said, “Go and tell Ahab, ‘Hitch up your chariot and go down before the rain stops you.’”
45
Meanwhile, the sky grew black with clouds, the wind rose, a heavy rain
started falling and Ahab rode off to Jezreel. 46 The power of the Lord
came on Elijah and, tucking his cloak into his belt, he ran ahead of
Ahab all the way to Jezreel. 1 Kings 18:1-46 - New International Version (NIV) { Elijah Flees to Horeb
1Now
Ahab told Jezebel everything Elijah had done and how he had killed all
the prophets with the sword. 2 So Jezebel sent a messenger to Elijah to
say, “May the gods deal with me, be it ever so severely, if by this time
tomorrow I do not make your life like that of one of them.”
3
Elijah was afraid[a] and ran for his life. When he came to Beersheba in
Judah, he left his servant there, 4 while he himself went a day’s
journey into the wilderness. He came to a broom bush, sat down under it
and prayed that he might die. “I have had enough, Lord,” he said. “Take
my life; I am no better than my ancestors.” 5 Then he lay down under the
bush and fell asleep.
All at once an angel touched him and said,
“Get up and eat.” 6 He looked around, and there by his head was some
bread baked over hot coals, and a jar of water. He ate and drank and
then lay down again.
7 The angel of the Lord came back a second
time and touched him and said, “Get up and eat, for the journey is too
much for you.” 8 So he got up and ate and drank. Strengthened by that
food, he traveled forty days and forty nights until he reached Horeb,
the mountain of God. 9 There he went into a cave and spent the night.
The Lord Appears to Elijah
And the word of the Lord came to him: “What are you doing here, Elijah?”
10
He replied, “I have been very zealous for the Lord God Almighty. The
Israelites have rejected your covenant, torn down your altars, and put
your prophets to death with the sword. I am the only one left, and now
they are trying to kill me too.”
11 The Lord said, “Go out and stand on the mountain in the presence of the Lord, for the Lord is about to pass by.”
Then
a great and powerful wind tore the mountains apart and shattered the
rocks before the Lord, but the Lord was not in the wind. After the wind
there was an earthquake, but the Lord was not in the earthquake. 12
After the earthquake came a fire, but the Lord was not in the fire. And
after the fire came a gentle whisper. 13 When Elijah heard it, he pulled
his cloak over his face and went out and stood at the mouth of the
cave.
Then a voice said to him, “What are you doing here, Elijah?”
14
He replied, “I have been very zealous for the Lord God Almighty. The
Israelites have rejected your covenant, torn down your altars, and put
your prophets to death with the sword. I am the only one left, and now
they are trying to kill me too.”
15 The Lord said to him, “Go back
the way you came, and go to the Desert of Damascus. When you get there,
anoint Hazael king over Aram. 16 Also, anoint Jehu son of Nimshi king
over Israel, and anoint Elisha son of Shaphat from Abel Meholah to
succeed you as prophet. 17 Jehu will put to death any who escape the
sword of Hazael, and Elisha will put to death any who escape the sword
of Jehu. 18 Yet I reserve seven thousand in Israel—all whose knees have
not bowed down to Baal and whose mouths have not kissed him.”
The Call of Elisha
19
So Elijah went from there and found Elisha son of Shaphat. He was
plowing with twelve yoke of oxen, and he himself was driving the twelfth
pair. Elijah went up to him and threw his cloak around him. 20 Elisha
then left his oxen and ran after Elijah. “Let me kiss my father and
mother goodbye,” he said, “and then I will come with you.”
“Go back,” Elijah replied. “What have I done to you?”
21
So Elisha left him and went back. He took his yoke of oxen and
slaughtered them. He burned the plowing equipment to cook the meat and
gave it to the people, and they ate. Then he set out to follow Elijah
and became his servant.1 Kings 19:1-21 - New International Version (NIV) },
John {John the Baptist Prepares the Way
1In
those days John the Baptist came, preaching in the wilderness of Judea 2
and saying, “Repent, for the kingdom of heaven has come near.” 3 This
is he who was spoken of through the prophet Isaiah:
“A voice of one calling in the wilderness,
‘Prepare the way for the Lord,
make straight paths for him.’”[a]
4
John’s clothes were made of camel’s hair, and he had a leather belt
around his waist. His food was locusts and wild honey. 5 People went out
to him from Jerusalem and all Judea and the whole region of the Jordan.
6 Confessing their sins, they were baptized by him in the Jordan River.
7
But when he saw many of the Pharisees and Sadducees coming to where he
was baptizing, he said to them: “You brood of vipers! Who warned you to
flee from the coming wrath? 8 Produce fruit in keeping with repentance. 9
And do not think you can say to yourselves, ‘We have Abraham as our
father.’ I tell you that out of these stones God can raise up children
for Abraham. 10 The ax is already at the root of the trees, and every
tree that does not produce good fruit will be cut down and thrown into
the fire.
11 “I baptize you with[b] water for repentance. But
after me comes one who is more powerful than I, whose sandals I am not
worthy to carry. He will baptize you with[c] the Holy Spirit and fire.
12 His winnowing fork is in his hand, and he will clear his threshing
floor, gathering his wheat into the barn and burning up the chaff with
unquenchable fire.”
The Baptism of Jesus
13 Then Jesus came
from Galilee to the Jordan to be baptized by John. 14 But John tried to
deter him, saying, “I need to be baptized by you, and do you come to
me?”
15 Jesus replied, “Let it be so now; it is proper for us to do this to fulfill all righteousness.” Then John consented.
16
As soon as Jesus was baptized, he went up out of the water. At that
moment heaven was opened, and he saw the Spirit of God descending like a
dove and alighting on him. 17 And a voice from heaven said, “This is my
Son, whom I love; with him I am well pleased.”Matthew 3:1-16 - New International Version (NIV) { Jesus and John the Baptist
1After
Jesus had finished instructing his twelve disciples, he went on from
there to teach and preach in the towns of Galilee.[a]
2 When John,
who was in prison, heard about the deeds of the Messiah, he sent his
disciples 3 to ask him, “Are you the one who is to come, or should we
expect someone else?”
4 Jesus replied, “Go back and report to John
what you hear and see: 5 The blind receive sight, the lame walk, those
who have leprosy[b] are cleansed, the deaf hear, the dead are raised,
and the good news is proclaimed to the poor. 6 Blessed is anyone who
does not stumble on account of me.”
7 As John’s disciples were
leaving, Jesus began to speak to the crowd about John: “What did you go
out into the wilderness to see? A reed swayed by the wind? 8 If not,
what did you go out to see? A man dressed in fine clothes? No, those who
wear fine clothes are in kings’ palaces. 9 Then what did you go out to
see? A prophet? Yes, I tell you, and more than a prophet. 10 This is the
one about whom it is written:
“‘I will send my messenger ahead of you,
who will prepare your way before you.’[c]
11
Truly I tell you, among those born of women there has not risen anyone
greater than John the Baptist; yet whoever is least in the kingdom of
heaven is greater than he. 12 From the days of John the Baptist until
now, the kingdom of heaven has been subjected to violence,[d] and
violent people have been raiding it. 13 For all the Prophets and the Law
prophesied until John. 14 And if you are willing to accept it, he is
the Elijah who was to come. 15 Whoever has ears, let them hear.
16 “To what can I compare this generation? They are like children sitting in the marketplaces and calling out to others:
17 “‘We played the pipe for you,
and you did not dance;
we sang a dirge,
and you did not mourn.’
18
For John came neither eating nor drinking, and they say, ‘He has a
demon.’ 19 The Son of Man came eating and drinking, and they say, ‘Here
is a glutton and a drunkard, a friend of tax collectors and sinners.’
But wisdom is proved right by her deeds.”
Woe on Unrepentant Towns
20
Then Jesus began to denounce the towns in which most of his miracles
had been performed, because they did not repent. 21 “Woe to you,
Chorazin! Woe to you, Bethsaida! For if the miracles that were performed
in you had been performed in Tyre and Sidon, they would have repented
long ago in sackcloth and ashes. 22 But I tell you, it will be more
bearable for Tyre and Sidon on the day of judgment than for you. 23 And
you, Capernaum, will you be lifted to the heavens? No, you will go down
to Hades.[e] For if the miracles that were performed in you had been
performed in Sodom, it would have remained to this day. 24 But I tell
you that it will be more bearable for Sodom on the day of judgment than
for you.”
The Father Revealed in the Son
25 At that time
Jesus said, “I praise you, Father, Lord of heaven and earth, because you
have hidden these things from the wise and learned, and revealed them
to little children. 26 Yes, Father, for this is what you were pleased to
do.
27 “All things have been committed to me by my Father. No one
knows the Son except the Father, and no one knows the Father except the
Son and those to whom the Son chooses to reveal him.
28 “Come to
me, all you who are weary and burdened, and I will give you rest. 29
Take my yoke upon you and learn from me, for I am gentle and humble in
heart, and you will find rest for your souls. 30 For my yoke is easy and
my burden is light.”Matthew 11:1-28 - New International Version (NIV) }
Jesus: { 1Awake, awake, Zion,
clothe yourself with strength!
Put on your garments of splendor,
Jerusalem, the holy city.
The uncircumcised and defiled
will not enter you again.
2 Shake off your dust;
rise up, sit enthroned, Jerusalem.
Free yourself from the chains on your neck,
Daughter Zion, now a captive.
3 For this is what the Lord says:
“You were sold for nothing,
and without money you will be redeemed.”
4 For this is what the Sovereign Lord says:
“At first my people went down to Egypt to live;
lately, Assyria has oppressed them.
5 “And now what do I have here?” declares the Lord.
“For my people have been taken away for nothing,
and those who rule them mock,[a]”
declares the Lord.
“And all day long
my name is constantly blasphemed.
6 Therefore my people will know my name;
therefore in that day they will know
that it is I who foretold it.
Yes, it is I.”
7 How beautiful on the mountains
are the feet of those who bring good news,
who proclaim peace,
who bring good tidings,
who proclaim salvation,
who say to Zion,
“Your God reigns!”
8 Listen! Your watchmen lift up their voices;
together they shout for joy.
When the Lord returns to Zion,
they will see it with their own eyes.
9 Burst into songs of joy together,
you ruins of Jerusalem,
for the Lord has comforted his people,
he has redeemed Jerusalem.
10 The Lord will lay bare his holy arm
in the sight of all the nations,
and all the ends of the earth will see
the salvation of our God.
11 Depart, depart, go out from there!
Touch no unclean thing!
Come out from it and be pure,
you who carry the articles of the Lord’s house.
12 But you will not leave in haste
or go in flight;
for the Lord will go before you,
the God of Israel will be your rear guard.
The Suffering and Glory of the Servant
13 See, my servant will act wisely[b];
he will be raised and lifted up and highly exalted.
14 Just as there were many who were appalled at him[c]—
his appearance was so disfigured beyond that of any human being
and his form marred beyond human likeness—
15 so he will sprinkle many nations,[d]
and kings will shut their mouths because of him.
For what they were not told, they will see,
and what they have not heard, they will understand.Isaiah 52:1-15 - New International Version (NIV)},{ 1Who has believed our message
and to whom has the arm of the Lord been revealed?
2 He grew up before him like a tender shoot,
and like a root out of dry ground.
He had no beauty or majesty to attract us to him,
nothing in his appearance that we should desire him.
3 He was despised and rejected by mankind,
a man of suffering, and familiar with pain.
Like one from whom people hide their faces
he was despised, and we held him in low esteem.
4 Surely he took up our pain
and bore our suffering,
yet we considered him punished by God,
stricken by him, and afflicted.
5 But he was pierced for our transgressions,
he was crushed for our iniquities;
the punishment that brought us peace was on him,
and by his wounds we are healed.
6 We all, like sheep, have gone astray,
each of us has turned to our own way;
and the Lord has laid on him
the iniquity of us all.
7 He was oppressed and afflicted,
yet he did not open his mouth;
he was led like a lamb to the slaughter,
and as a sheep before its shearers is silent,
so he did not open his mouth.
8 By oppression[a] and judgment he was taken away.
Yet who of his generation protested?
For he was cut off from the land of the living;
for the transgression of my people he was punished.[b]
9 He was assigned a grave with the wicked,
and with the rich in his death,
though he had done no violence,
nor was any deceit in his mouth.
10 Yet it was the Lord’s will to crush him and cause him to suffer,
and though the Lord makes[c] his life an offering for sin,
he will see his offspring and prolong his days,
and the will of the Lord will prosper in his hand.
11 After he has suffered,
he will see the light of life[d] and be satisfied[e];
by his knowledge[f] my righteous servant will justify many,
and he will bear their iniquities.
12 Therefore I will give him a portion among the great,[g]
and he will divide the spoils with the strong,[h]
because he poured out his life unto death,
and was numbered with the transgressors.
For he bore the sin of many,
and made intercession for the transgressors.Isaiah 53:1-12 - New International Version (NIV) } )
National Sunday law involves a conspiracy theory which alleges that the United States government is on the verge of enacting a national blue law that would make Sunday a day of rest and worship. The theory depends on the idea that the Pope is the Antichrist and the Mark of the Beast is worshipped on Sunday. Sinister forces (read: the Vatican)
are conspiring to enact a national Sunday law in the United States,
which would be the trigger that unleashes the fulfilment of the prophecies found in the Biblical books of Daniel and Revelation. In addition, this law would outlaw worshipping on Saturday, thus beginning a period of persecution of those who worship on Saturday, or Sabbath.
This idea originated in the 19th century within Seventh-day Adventism (which regards the Sabbath as Saturday), and some on the fringes of the SDA church have taken a handful of failed Congressional bills and papal writings and inflated them into the trigger of the apocalypse. This is quite ironicconsidering that you would think that opposition to blue laws might come from more secular groups.
Romanism
is now regarded by Protestants with far greater favor than in former
years. In those countries where Catholicism is not in the ascendancy,
and the papists are taking a conciliatory course in order to gain
influence, there is an increasing indifference concerning the doctrines
that separate the reformed churches from the papal hierarchy; the
opinion is gaining ground that, after all, we do not differ so widely
upon vital points as has been supposed, and that a little concession on
our part will bring us into a better understanding with Rome. The time
was when Protestants placed a high value upon the liberty of conscience
which had been so dearly purchased. They taught their children to abhor
popery and held that to seek harmony with Rome would be disloyalty to
God. But how widely different are the sentiments now expressed!GC 563.1
The
defenders of the papacy declare that the church has been maligned, and
the Protestant world are inclined to accept the statement. Many urge
that it is unjust to judge the church of today by the abominations and
absurdities that marked her reign during the centuries of ignorance and
darkness. They excuse her horrible cruelty as the result of the
barbarism of the times and plead that the influence of modern
civilization has changed her sentiments.GC 563.2
Have
these persons forgotten the claim of infallibility put forth for eight
hundred years by this haughty power? So far from being relinquished,
this claim was affirmed in the nineteenth century with greater
positiveness than ever before. As Rome asserts that the “church never erred; nor will it, according to the Scriptures, ever err” (John L. von Mosheim, Institutes of Ecclesiastical History, book
3, century II, part 2, chapter 2, section 9, note 17), how can she
renounce the principles which governed her course in past ages?GC 564.1
The
papal church will never relinquish her claim to infallibility. All that
she has done in her persecution of those who reject her dogmas she
holds to be right; and would she not repeat the same acts, should the
opportunity be presented? Let the restraints now imposed by secular
governments be removed and Rome be reinstated in her former power, and
there would speedily be a revival of her tyranny and persecution.GC 564.2
A
well-known writer speaks thus of the attitude of the papal hierarchy as
regards freedom of conscience, and of the perils which especially
threaten the United States from the success of her policy:GC 564.3
“There
are many who are disposed to attribute any fear of Roman Catholicism in
the United States to bigotry or childishness. Such see nothing in the
character and attitude of Romanism that is hostile to our free
institutions, or find nothing portentous in its growth. Let us, then,
first compare some of the fundamental principles of our government with
those of the Catholic Church.GC 564.4
“The Constitution of the United States guarantees liberty of conscience.
Nothing is dearer or more fundamental. Pope Pius IX, in his Encyclical
Letter of August 15, 1854, said: `The absurd and erroneous doctrines or
ravings in defense of liberty of conscience are a most pestilential
error—a pest, of all others, most to be dreaded in a state.’ The same
pope, in his Encyclical Letter of December 8, 1864, anathematized `those
who assert the liberty of conscience and of religious worship,’ also
‘all such as maintain that the church may not employ force.’GC 564.5
“The
pacific tone of Rome in the United States does not imply a change of
heart. She is tolerant where she is helpless. Says Bishop O'Connor:
‘Religious liberty is merely endured until the opposite can be carried
into effect without peril to the Catholic world.’... The archbishop of
St. Louis once said: ‘Heresy and unbelief are crimes; and in Christian
countries, as in Italy and Spain, for instance, where all the people are
Catholics, and where the Catholic religion is an essential part of the
law of the land, they are punished as other crimes.’...GC 565.1
“Every
cardinal, archbishop, and bishop in the Catholic Church takes an oath
of allegiance to the pope, in which occur the following words:
‘Heretics, schismatics, and rebels to our said lord (the pope), or his
aforesaid successors, I will to my utmost persecute and oppose.’”—Josiah
Strong, Our Country, ch. 5, pars. 2-4. [See Appendix for Corrected References.]GC 565.2
It
is true that there are real Christians in the Roman Catholic communion.
Thousands in that church are serving God according to the best light
they have. They are not allowed access to His word, and therefore they
do not discern the truth. [Published in 1888 and 1911. See Appendix.]
They have never seen the contrast between a living heart service and a
round of mere forms and ceremonies. God looks with pitying tenderness
upon these souls, educated as they are in a faith that is delusive and
unsatisfying. He will cause rays of light to penetrate the dense
darkness that surrounds them. He will reveal to them the truth as it is
in Jesus, and many will yet take their position with His people.GC 565.3
But
Romanism as a system is no more in harmony with the gospel of Christ
now than at any former period in her history. The Protestant churches
are in great darkness, or they would discern the signs of the times. The
Roman Church is far-reaching in her plans and modes of operation. She
is employing every device to extend her influence and increase her power
in preparation for a fierce and determined conflict to regain control
of the world, to re-establish persecution, and to undo all that
Protestantism has done. Catholicism is gaining ground upon every side.
See the increasing number of her churches and chapels in Protestant
countries. Look at the popularity of her colleges and seminaries in
America, so widely patronized by Protestants. Look at the growth of
ritualism in England and the frequent defections to the ranks of the
Catholics. These things should awaken the anxiety of all who prize the
pure principles of the gospel.GC 565.4
Protestants
have tampered with and patronized popery; they have made compromises
and concessions which papists themselves are surprised to see and fail
to understand. Men are closing their eyes to the real character of
Romanism and the dangers to be apprehended from her supremacy. The
people need to be aroused to resist the advances of this most dangerous
foe to civil and religious liberty.GC 566.1
Many
Protestants suppose that the Catholic religion is unattractive and that
its worship is a dull, meaningless round of ceremony. Here they
mistake. While Romanism is based upon deception, it is not a coarse and
clumsy imposture. The religious service of the Roman Church is a most
impressive ceremonial. Its gorgeous display and solemn rites fascinate
the senses of the people and silence the voice of reason and of
conscience. The eye is charmed. Magnificent churches, imposing
processions, golden altars, jeweled shrines, choice paintings, and
exquisite sculpture appeal to the love of beauty. The ear also is
captivated. The music is unsurpassed. The rich notes of the deep-toned
organ, blending with the melody of many voices as it swells through the
lofty domes and pillared aisles of her grand cathedrals, cannot fail to
impress the mind with awe and reverence.GC 566.2
This
outward splendor, pomp, and ceremony, that only mocks the longings of
the sin-sick soul, is an evidence of inward corruption. The religion of
Christ needs not such attractions to recommend it. In the light shining
from the cross, true Christianity appears so pure and lovely that no
external decorations can enhance its true worth. It is the beauty of
holiness, a meek and quiet spirit, which is of value with God.GC 566.3
Brilliancy
of style is not necessarily an index of pure, elevated thought. High
conceptions of art, delicate refinement of taste, often exist in minds
that are earthly and sensual. They are often employed by Satan to lead
men to forget the necessities of the soul, to lose sight of the future,
immortal life, to turn away from their infinite Helper, and to live for
this world alone.GC 567.1
A
religion of externals is attractive to the unrenewed heart. The pomp
and ceremony of the Catholic worship has a seductive, bewitching power,
by which many are deceived; and they come to look upon the Roman Church
as the very gate of heaven. None but those who have planted their feet
firmly upon the foundation of truth, and whose hearts are renewed by the
Spirit of God, are proof against her influence. Thousands who have not
an experimental knowledge of Christ will be led to accept the forms of
godliness without the power. Such a religion is just what the multitudes
desire.GC 567.2
The
church's claim to the right to pardon leads the Romanist to feel at
liberty to sin; and the ordinance of confession, without which her
pardon is not granted, tends also to give license to evil. He who kneels
before fallen man, and opens in confession the secret thoughts and
imaginations of his heart, is debasing his manhood and degrading every
noble instinct of his soul. In unfolding the sins of his life to a
priest,—an erring, sinful mortal, and too often corrupted with wine and
licentiousness,—his standard of character is lowered, and he is defiled
in consequence. His thought of God is degraded to the likeness of fallen
humanity, for the priest stands as a representative of God. This
degrading confession of man to man is the secret spring from which has
flowed much of the evil that is defiling the world and fitting it for
the final destruction. Yet to him who loves self-indulgence, it is more
pleasing to confess to a fellow mortal than to open the soul to God. It
is more palatable to human nature to do penance than to renounce sin; it
is easier to mortify the flesh by sackcloth and nettles and galling
chains than to crucify fleshly lusts. Heavy is the yoke which the carnal
heart is willing to bear rather than bow to the yoke of Christ.GC 567.3
There
is a striking similarity between the Church of Rome and the Jewish
Church at the time of Christ's first advent. While the Jews secretly
trampled upon every principle of the law of God, they were outwardly
rigorous in the observance of its precepts, loading it down with
exactions and traditions that made obedience painful and burdensome. As
the Jews professed to revere the law, so do Romanists claim to reverence
the cross. They exalt the symbol of Christ's sufferings, while in their
lives they deny Him whom it represents.GC 568.1
Papists
place crosses upon their churches, upon their altars, and upon their
garments. Everywhere is seen the insignia of the cross. Everywhere it is
outwardly honored and exalted. But the teachings of Christ are buried
beneath a mass of senseless traditions, false interpretations, and
rigorous exactions. The Saviour's words concerning the bigoted Jews,
apply with still greater force to the leaders of the Roman Catholic
Church: “They bind heavy burdens and grievous to be borne, and lay them
on men's shoulders; but they themselves will not move them with one of
their fingers.” Matthew 23:4.
Conscientious souls are kept in constant terror fearing the wrath of an
offended God, while many of the dignitaries of the church are living in
luxury and sensual pleasure.GC 568.2
The
worship of images and relics, the invocation of saints, and the
exaltation of the pope are devices of Satan to attract the minds of the
people from God and from His Son. To accomplish their ruin, he endeavors
to turn their attention from Him through whom alone they can find
salvation. He will direct them to any object that can be substituted for
the One who has said: “Come unto Me, all ye that labor and are
heavy-laden, and I will give you rest.” Matthew 11:28.GC 568.3
It
is Satan's constant effort to misrepresent the character of God, the
nature of sin, and the real issues at stake in the great controversy.
His sophistry lessens the obligation of the divine law and gives men
license to sin. At the same time he causes them to cherish false
conceptions of God so that they regard Him with fear and hate rather
than with love. The cruelty inherent in his own character is attributed
to the Creator; it is embodied in systems of religion and expressed in
modes of worship. Thus the minds of men are blinded, and Satan secures
them as his agents to war against God. By perverted conceptions of the
divine attributes, heathen nations were led to believe human sacrifices
necessary to secure the favor of Deity; and horrible cruelties have been
perpetrated under the various forms of idolatry.GC 569.1
The
Roman Catholic Church, uniting the forms of paganism and Christianity,
and, like paganism, misrepresenting the character of God, has resorted
to practices no less cruel and revolting. In the days of Rome's
supremacy there were instruments of torture to compel assent to her
doctrines. There was the stake for those who would not concede to her
claims. There were massacres on a scale that will never be known until
revealed in the judgment. Dignitaries of the church studied, under Satan
their master, to invent means to cause the greatest possible torture
and not end the life of the victim. In many cases the infernal process
was repeated to the utmost limit of human endurance, until nature gave
up the struggle, and the sufferer hailed death as a sweet release.GC 569.2
Such
was the fate of Rome's opponents. For her adherents she had the
discipline of the scourge, of famishing hunger, of bodily austerities in
every conceivable, heart-sickening form. To secure the favor of Heaven,
penitents violated the laws of God by violating the laws of nature.
They were taught to sunder the ties which He has formed to bless and
gladden man's earthly sojourn. The churchyard contains millions of
victims who spent their lives in vain endeavors to subdue their natural
affections, to repress, as offensive to God, every thought and feeling
of sympathy with their fellow creatures.GC 569.3
If
we desire to understand the determined cruelty of Satan, manifested for
hundreds of years, not among those who never heard of God, but in the
very heart and throughout the extent of Christendom, we have only to
look at the history of Romanism. Through this mammoth system of
deception the prince of evil achieves his purpose of bringing dishonor
to God and wretchedness to man. And as we see how he succeeds in
disguising himself and accomplishing his work through the leaders of the
church, we may better understand why he has so great antipathy to the
Bible. If that Book is read, the mercy and love of God will be revealed;
it will be seen that He lays upon men none of these heavy burdens. All
that He asks is a broken and contrite heart, a humble, obedient spirit.GC 570.1
Christ
gives no example in His life for men and women to shut themselves in
monasteries in order to become fitted for heaven. He has never taught
that love and sympathy must be repressed. The Saviour's heart overflowed
with love. The nearer man approaches to moral perfection, the keener
are his sensibilities, the more acute is his perception of sin, and the
deeper his sympathy for the afflicted. The pope claims to be the vicar
of Christ; but how does his character bear comparison with that of our
Saviour? Was Christ ever known to consign men to the prison or the rack
because they did not pay Him homage as the King of heaven? Was His voice
heard condemning to death those who did not accept Him? When He was
slighted by the people of a Samaritan village, the apostle John was
filled with indignation, and inquired: “Lord, wilt Thou that we command
fire to come down from heaven, and consume them, even as Elias did?”
Jesus looked with pity upon His disciple, and rebuked his harsh spirit,
saying: “The Son of man is not come to destroy men's lives, but to save
them.” Luke 9:54, 56. How different from the spirit manifested by Christ is that of His professed vicar.GC 570.2
The
Roman Church now presents a fair front to the world, covering with
apologies her record of horrible cruelties. She has clothed herself in
Christlike garments; but she is unchanged. Every principle of the papacy
that existed in past ages exists today. The doctrines devised in the
darkest ages are still held. Let none deceive themselves. The papacy
that Protestants are now so ready to honor is the same that ruled the
world in the days of the Reformation, when men of God stood up, at the
peril of their lives, to expose her iniquity. She possesses the same
pride and arrogant assumption that lorded it over kings and princes, and
claimed the prerogatives of God. Her spirit is no less cruel and
despotic now than when she crushed out human liberty and slew the saints
of the Most High.GC 571.1
The papacy is just what prophecy declared that she would be, the apostasy of the latter times. 2 Thessalonians 2:3, 4.
It is a part of her policy to assume the character which will best
accomplish her purpose; but beneath the variable appearance of the
chameleon she conceals the invariable venom of the serpent. “Faith ought
not to be kept with heretics, nor persons suspected of heresy”
(Lenfant, volume 1, page 516), she declares. Shall this power, whose
record for a thousand years is written in the blood of the saints, be
now acknowledged as a part of the church of Christ?GC 571.2
It
is not without reason that the claim has been put forth in Protestant
countries that Catholicism differs less widely from Protestantism than
in former times. There has been a change; but the change is not in the
papacy. Catholicism indeed resembles much of the Protestantism that now
exists, because Protestantism has so greatly degenerated since the days
of the Reformers.GC 571.3
As
the Protestant churches have been seeking the favor of the world, false
charity has blinded their eyes. They do not see but that it is right to
believe good of all evil, and as the inevitable result they will
finally believe evil of all good. Instead of standing in defense of the
faith once delivered to the saints, they are now, as it were,
apologizing to Rome for their uncharitable opinion of her, begging
pardon for their bigotry.GC 571.4
A
large class, even of those who look upon Romanism with no favor,
apprehend little danger from her power and influence. Many urge that the
intellectual and moral darkness prevailing during the Middle Ages
favored the spread of her dogmas, superstitions, and oppression, and
that the greater intelligence of modern times, the general diffusion of
knowledge, and the increasing liberality in matters of religion forbid a
revival of intolerance and tyranny. The very thought that such a state
of things will exist in this enlightened age is ridiculed. It is true
that great light, intellectual, moral, and religious, is shining upon
this generation. In the open pages of God's Holy Word, light from heaven
has been shed upon the world. But it should be remembered that the
greater the light bestowed, the greater the darkness of those who
pervert and reject it.GC 572.1
A
prayerful study of the Bible would show Protestants the real character
of the papacy and would cause them to abhor and to shun it; but many are
so wise in their own conceit that they feel no need of humbly seeking
God that they may be led into the truth. Although priding themselves on
their enlightenment, they are ignorant both of the Scriptures and of the
power of God. They must have some means of quieting their consciences,
and they seek that which is least spiritual and humiliating. What they
desire is a method of forgetting God which shall pass as a method of
remembering Him. The papacy is well adapted to meet the wants of all
these. It is prepared for two classes of mankind, embracing nearly the
whole world—those who would be saved by their merits, and those who
would be saved in their sins. Here is the secret of its power.GC 572.2
A
day of great intellectual darkness has been shown to be favorable to
the success of the papacy. It will yet be demonstrated that a day of
great intellectual light is equally favorable for its success. In past
ages, when men were without God's word and without the knowledge of the
truth, their eyes were blindfolded, and thousands were ensnared, not
seeing the net spread for their feet. In this generation there are many
whose eyes become dazzled by the glare of human speculations, “science
falsely so called;” they discern not the net, and walk into it as
readily as if blindfolded. God designed that man's intellectual powers
should be held as a gift from his Maker and should be employed in the
service of truth and righteousness; but when pride and ambition are
cherished, and men exalt their own theories above the word of God, then
intelligence can accomplish greater harm than ignorance. Thus the false
science of the present day, which undermines faith in the Bible, will
prove as successful in preparing the way for the acceptance of the
papacy, with its pleasing forms, as did the withholding of knowledge in
opening the way for its aggrandizement in the Dark Ages.GC 572.3
In
the movements now in progress in the United States to secure for the
institutions and usages of the church the support of the state,
Protestants are following in the steps of papists. Nay, more, they are
opening the door for the papacy to regain in Protestant America the
supremacy which she has lost in the Old World. And that which gives
greater significance to this movement is the fact that the principal
object contemplated is the enforcement of Sunday observance—a custom
which originated with Rome, and which she claims as the sign of her
authority. It is the spirit of the papacy—the spirit of conformity to
worldly customs, the veneration for human traditions above the
commandments of God—that is permeating the Protestant churches and
leading them on to do the same work of Sunday exaltation which the
papacy has done before them.GC 573.1
If
the reader would understand the agencies to be employed in the
soon-coming contest, he has but to trace the record of the means which
Rome employed for the same object in ages past. If he would know how
papists and Protestants united will deal with those who reject their
dogmas, let him see the spirit which Rome manifested toward the Sabbath
and its defenders.GC 573.2
Royal
edicts, general councils, and church ordinances sustained by secular
power were the steps by which the pagan festival attained its position
of honor in the Christian world. The first public measure enforcing
Sunday observance was the law enacted by Constantine. (A.D. 321; see Appendix note
for page 53.) This edict required townspeople to rest on “the venerable
day of the sun,” but permitted countrymen to continue their
agricultural pursuits. Though virtually a heathen statute, it was
enforced by the emperor after his nominal acceptance of Christianity.GC 574.1
The
royal mandate not proving a sufficient substitute for divine authority,
Eusebius, a bishop who sought the favor of princes, and who was the
special friend and flatterer of Constantine, advanced the claim that
Christ had transferred the Sabbath to Sunday. Not a single testimony of
the Scriptures was produced in proof of the new doctrine. Eusebius
himself unwittingly acknowledges its falsity and points to the real
authors of the change. “All things,” he says, “whatever that it was duty
to do on the Sabbath, these we have transferred to the Lord's
Day.”—Robert Cox, Sabbath Laws and Sabbath Duties, page
538. But the Sunday argument, groundless as it was, served to embolden
men in trampling upon the Sabbath of the Lord. All who desired to be
honored by the world accepted the popular festival.GC 574.2
As
the papacy became firmly established, the work of Sunday exaltation was
continued. For a time the people engaged in agricultural labor when not
attending church, and the seventh day was still regarded as the
Sabbath. But steadily a change was effected. Those in holy office were
forbidden to pass judgment in any civil controversy on the Sunday. Soon
after, all persons, of whatever rank, were commanded to refrain from
common labor on pain of a fine for freemen and stripes in the case of
servants. Later it was decreed that rich men should be punished with the
loss of half of their estates; and finally, that if still obstinate
they should be made slaves. The lower classes were to suffer perpetual
banishment.GC 574.3
Miracles
also were called into requisition. Among other wonders it was reported
that as a husbandman who was about to plow his field on Sunday cleaned
his plow with an iron, the iron stuck fast in his hand, and for two
years he carried it about with him, “to his exceeding great pain and
shame.”—Francis West, Historical and Practical Discourse on the Lord's Day, page 174.GC 575.1
Later
the pope gave directions that the parish priest should admonish the
violators of Sunday and wish them to go to church and say their prayers,
lest they bring some great calamity on themselves and neighbors. An
ecclesiastical council brought forward the argument, since so widely
employed, even by Protestants, that because persons had been struck by
lightning while laboring on Sunday, it must be the Sabbath. “It is
apparent,” said the prelates, “how high the displeasure of God was upon
their neglect of this day.” An appeal was then made that priests and
ministers, kings and princes, and all faithful people “use their utmost
endeavors and care that the day be restored to its honor, and, for the
credit of Christianity, more devoutly observed for the time to
come.”—Thomas Morer, Discourse in Six Dialogues on the Name, Notion, and Observation of the Lord's Day, page 271.GC 575.2
The
decrees of councils proving insufficient, the secular authorities were
besought to issue an edict that would strike terror to the hearts of the
people and force them to refrain from labor on the Sunday. At a synod
held in Rome, all previous decisions were reaffirmed with greater force
and solemnity. They were also incorporated into the ecclesiastical law
and enforced by the civil authorities throughout nearly all Christendom.
(See Heylyn, History of the Sabbath, pt. 2, ch. 5, sec. 7.)GC 575.3
Still
the absence of Scriptural authority for Sundaykeeping occasioned no
little embarrassment. The people questioned the right of their teachers
to set aside the positive declaration of Jehovah, “The seventh day is
the Sabbath of the Lord thy God,” in order to honor the day of the sun.
To supply the lack of Bible testimony, other expedients were necessary. A
zealous advocate of Sunday, who about the close of the twelfth century
visited the churches of England, was resisted by faithful witnesses for
the truth; and so fruitless were his efforts that he departed from the
country for a season and cast about him for some means to enforce his
teachings. When he returned, the lack was supplied, and in his after
labors he met with greater success. He brought with him a roll
purporting to be from God Himself, which contained the needed command
for Sunday observance, with awful threats to terrify the disobedient.
This precious document—as base a counterfeit as the institution it
supported—was said to have fallen from heaven and to have been found in
Jerusalem, upon the altar of St. Simeon, in Golgotha. But, in fact, the
pontifical palace at Rome was the source whence it proceeded. Frauds and
forgeries to advance the power and prosperity of the church have in all
ages been esteemed lawful by the papal hierarchy.GC 576.1
The
roll forbade labor from the ninth hour, three o'clock, on Saturday
afternoon, till sunrise on Monday; and its authority was declared to be
confirmed by many miracles. It was reported that persons laboring beyond
the appointed hour were stricken with paralysis. A Miller who attempted
to grind his corn, saw, instead of flour, a torrent of blood come
forth, and the mill wheel stood still, notwithstanding the strong rush
of water. A woman who placed dough in the oven found it raw when taken
out, though the oven was very hot. Another who had dough prepared for
baking at the ninth hour, but determined to set it aside till Monday,
found, the next day, that it had been made into loaves and baked by
divine power. A man who baked bread after the ninth hour on Saturday
found, when he broke it the next morning, that blood started therefrom.
By such absurd and superstitious fabrications did the advocates of
Sunday endeavor to establish its sacredness. (See Roger de Hoveden, Annals, vol. 2, pp. 526-530.)GC 576.2
In
Scotland, as in England, a greater regard for Sunday was secured by
uniting with it a portion of the ancient Sabbath. But the time required
to be kept holy varied. An edict from the king of Scotland declared that
“Saturday from twelve at noon ought to be accounted holy,” and that no
man, from that time till Monday morning, should engage in worldly
business.—Morer, pages 290, 291.GC 577.1
But
notwithstanding all the efforts to establish Sunday sacredness, papists
themselves publicly confessed the divine authority of the Sabbath and
the human origin of the institution by which it had been supplanted. In
the sixteenth century a papal council plainly declared: “Let all
Christians remember that the seventh day was consecrated by God, and
hath been received and observed, not only by the Jews, but by all others
who pretend to worship God; though we Christians have changed their
Sabbath into the Lord's Day.”—Ibid., pages
281, 282. Those who were tampering with the divine law were not
ignorant of the character of their work. They were deliberately setting
themselves above God.GC 577.2
A
striking illustration of Rome's policy toward those who disagree with
her was given in the long and bloody persecution of the Waldenses, some
of whom were observers of the Sabbath. Others suffered in a similar
manner for their fidelity to the fourth commandment. The history of the
churches of Ethiopia and Abyssinia is especially significant. Amid the
gloom of the Dark Ages, the Christians of Central Africa were lost sight
of and forgotten by the world, and for many centuries they enjoyed
freedom in the exercise of their faith. But at last Rome learned of
their existence, and the emperor of Abyssinia was soon beguiled into an
acknowledgment of the pope as the vicar of Christ. Other concessions
followed. An edict was issued forbidding the observance of the Sabbath
under the severest penalties. (See Michael Geddes, Church History of Ethiopia, pages
311, 312.) But papal tyranny soon became a yoke so galling that the
Abyssinians determined to break it from their necks. After a terrible
struggle the Romanists were banished from their dominions, and the
ancient faith was restored. The churches rejoiced in their freedom, and
they never forgot the lesson they had learned concerning the deception,
the fanaticism, and the despotic power of Rome. Within their solitary
realm they were content to remain, unknown to the rest of Christendom.GC 577.3
The
churches of Africa held the Sabbath as it was held by the papal church
before her complete apostasy. While they kept the seventh day in
obedience to the commandment of God, they abstained from labor on the
Sunday in conformity to the custom of the church. Upon obtaining supreme
power, Rome had trampled upon the Sabbath of God to exalt her own; but
the churches of Africa, hidden for nearly a thousand years, did not
share in this apostasy. When brought under the sway of Rome, they were
forced to set aside the true and exalt the false sabbath; but no sooner
had they regained their independence than they returned to obedience to
the fourth commandment. (See Appendix.)GC 578.1
These
records of the past clearly reveal the enmity of Rome toward the true
Sabbath and its defenders, and the means which she employs to honor the
institution of her creating. The word of God teaches that these scenes
are to be repeated as Roman Catholics and Protestants shall unite for
the exaltation of the Sunday.GC 578.2
The prophecy of Revelation 13 declares
that the power represented by the beast with lamblike horns shall cause
“the earth and them which dwell therein” to worship the papacy—there
symbolized by the beast “like unto a leopard.” The beast with two horns
is also to say “to them that dwell on the earth, that they should make
an image to the beast;” and, furthermore, it is to command all, “both
small and great, rich and poor, free and bond,” to receive the mark of
the beast. Revelation 13:11-16.
It has been shown that the United States is the power represented by
the beast with lamblike horns, and that this prophecy will be fulfilled
when the United States shall enforce Sunday observance, which Rome
claims as the special acknowledgment of her supremacy. But in this
homage to the papacy the United States will not be alone. The influence
of Rome in the countries that once acknowledged her dominion is still
far from being destroyed. And prophecy foretells a restoration of her
power. “I saw one of his heads as it were wounded to death; and his
deadly wound was healed: and all the world wondered after the beast.” Verse 3.
The infliction of the deadly wound points to the downfall of the papacy
in 1798. After this, says the prophet, “his deadly wound was healed:
and all the world wondered after the beast.” Paul states plainly that
the “man of sin” will continue until the second advent. 2 Thessalonians 2:3-8.
To the very close of time he will carry forward the work of deception.
And the revelator declares, also referring to the papacy: “All that
dwell upon the earth shall worship him, whose names are not written in
the book of life.” Revelation 13:8.
In both the Old and the New World, the papacy will receive homage in
the honor paid to the Sunday institution, that rests solely upon the
authority of the Roman Church.GC 578.3
Since
the middle of the nineteenth century, students of prophecy in the
United States have presented this testimony to the world. In the events
now taking place is seen a rapid advance toward the fulfillment of the
prediction. With Protestant teachers there is the same claim of divine
authority for Sundaykeeping, and the same lack of Scriptural evidence,
as with the papal leaders who fabricated miracles to supply the place of
a command from God. The assertion that God's judgments are visited upon
men for their violation of the Sunday-sabbath, will be repeated;
already it is beginning to be urged. And a movement to enforce Sunday
observance is fast gaining ground.GC 579.1
Marvelous
in her shrewdness and cunning is the Roman Church. She can read what is
to be. She bides her time, seeing that the Protestant churches are
paying her homage in their acceptance of the false sabbath and that they
are preparing to enforce it by the very means which she herself
employed in bygone days. Those who reject the light of truth will yet
seek the aid of this self-styled infallible power to exalt an
institution that originated with her. How readily she will come to the
help of Protestants in this work it is not difficult to conjecture. Who
understands better than the papal leaders how to deal with those who are
disobedient to the church?GC 580.1
The
Roman Catholic Church, with all its ramifications throughout the world,
forms one vast organization under the control, and designed to serve
the interests, of the papal see. Its millions of communicants, in every
country on the globe, are instructed to hold themselves as bound in
allegiance to the pope. Whatever their nationality or their government,
they are to regard the authority of the church as above all other.
Though they may take the oath pledging their loyalty to the state, yet
back of this lies the vow of obedience to Rome, absolving them from
every pledge inimical to her interests.GC 580.2
History
testifies of her artful and persistent efforts to insinuate herself
into the affairs of nations; and having gained a foothold, to further
her own aims, even at the ruin of princes and people. In the year 1204,
Pope Innocent III extracted from Peter II, king of Arragon, the
following extraordinary oath: “I, Peter, king of Arragonians, profess
and promise to be ever faithful and obedient to my lord, Pope Innocent,
to his Catholic successors, and the Roman Church, and faithfully to
preserve my kingdom in his obedience, defending the Catholic faith, and
persecuting heretical pravity.”—John Dowling, The History of Romanism, b.
5, ch. 6, sec. 55. This is in harmony with the claims regarding the
power of the Roman pontiff “that it is lawful for him to depose
emperors” and “that he can absolve subjects from their allegiance to
unrighteous rulers.”—Mosheim, b. 3, cent. 11, pt. 2, ch. 2, sec. 9, note
17. (See also Appendix note for page 447.)GC 580.3
And
let it be remembered, it is the boast of Rome that she never changes.
The principles of Gregory VII and Innocent III are still the principles
of the Roman Catholic Church. And had she but the power, she would put
them in practice with as much vigor now as in past centuries.
Protestants little know what they are doing when they propose to accept
the aid of Rome in the work of Sunday exaltation. While they are bent
upon the accomplishment of their purpose, Rome is aiming to re-establish
her power, to recover her lost supremacy. Let the principle once be
established in the United States that the church may employ or control
the power of the state; that religious observances may be enforced by
secular laws; in short, that the authority of church and state is to
dominate the conscience, and the triumph of Rome in this country is
assured.GC 581.1
God's
word has given warning of the impending danger; let this be unheeded,
and the Protestant world will learn what the purposes of Rome really
are, only when it is too late to escape the snare. She is silently
growing into power. Her doctrines are exerting their influence in
legislative halls, in the churches, and in the hearts of men. She is
piling up her lofty and massive structures in the secret recesses of
which her former persecutions will be repeated. Stealthily and
unsuspectedly she is strengthening her forces to further her own ends
when the time shall come for her to strike. All that she desires is
vantage ground, and this is already being given her. We shall soon see
and shall feel what the purpose of the Roman element is. Whoever shall
believe and obey the word of God will thereby incur reproach and
persecution.
Appendix
General Notes
Revisions adopted by the E. G. White Trustees November 19, 1956, December 6, 1979, and January 8, 1993 GC 679.1
Page 50. Titles.—In a passage which is included in the Roman Catholic Canon Law, or Corpus Juris Canonici, Pope
Innocent III declares that the Roman pontiff is “the vicegerent upon
earth, not of a mere man, but of very God;” and in a gloss on the
passage it is explained that this is because he is the vicegerent of
Christ, who is “very God and very man.” See Decretales Domini Gregorii Papae IX (Decretals of the Lord Pope Gregory IX), liber 1, De Translatione Episcoporum, (On the Transference of Bishops), title 7, ch. 3; Corpus Juris Canonici (2d Leipzig Ed., 1881), col. 99; (Paris, 1612), tom. 2, Decretales,
col. 205. The documents which formed the decretals were gathered by
Gratian, who was teaching at the University of Bologna about the year
1140. His work was added to and re-edited by Pope Gregory IX in an
edition issued in 1234. Other documents appeared in succeeding years
from time to time including the Extravagantes, added toward the close of the fifteenth century, all of these, with Gratian's Decretum, were published as the Corpus Juris Canonici in 1582. Pope Pius X authorized the codification in canon law in 1904, and the resulting code became effective in 1918.GC 679.2
For the title “Lord God the Pope” see a gloss on the Extravagantes of Pope John XXII, title 14, ch. 4, Declaramus. In an Antwerp edition of the Extravagantes, dated 1584, the words “Dominum Deum Nostrum Papam” (“Our
Lord God the Pope”) occur in column 153. In a Paris edition, dated
1612, they occur in column 140. In several editions published since 1612
the word “Deum” (“God”) has been omitted.GC 679.3
Page 50. Infallibility.—On the doctrine of infallibility as set forth at the Vatican Council of 1870-71, see Philip Schaff, The Creeds of Christendom, Vol. 2, Dogmatic Decrees of the Vatican Council, pp. 234-271, where both the Latin and the English texts are given. For discussion see, for the Roman Catholic view, The Catholic Encyclopedia, Vol. 7, art. “Infallibility,” by Patrick J. Toner, 790ff.; James Cardinal Gibbons, The Faith of our Fathers (Baltimore:
John Murphy Company, 110th ed., 1917), chs. 7, 11. For Roman Catholic
opposition to the doctrine of papal infallibility, see Johann Joseph
Ignaz von Dollinger (pseudonym “Janus”) The Pope and the Council (New York: Charles Scribner's sons, 1869); and W.J. Sparrow Simpson, Roman Catholic Opposition to Papal Infallibility (London: John Murray, 1909). For the non-Roman view, see George Salmon, Infallibility of the Church (London: John Murray, rev. Education, 1914).GC 679.4
Page
52. Image Worship.—“The worship of images ... was one of those
corruptions of Christianity which crept into the church stealthily and
almost without notice or observation. This corruption did not, like
other heresies, develop itself at once, for in that case it would have
met with decided censure and rebuke: but, making its commencement under a
fair disguise, so gradually was one practice after another introduced
in connection with it, that the church had become deeply steeped in
practical idolatry, not only without any efficient opposition, but
almost without any decided remonstrance; and when at length an endeavor
was made to root it out, the evil was found too deeply fixed to admit of
removal.... It must be traced to the idolatrous tendency of the human
heart, and its propensity to serve the creature more than the
creator....GC 680.1
“Images
and pictures were first introduced into churches, not to be worshiped,
but either in the place of books to give instruction to those who could
not read, or to excite devotion in the minds of others. How far they
ever answered such a purpose is doubtful; but, even granting that this
was the case for a time, it soon ceased to be so, and it was found that
pictures and images brought into churches darkened rather than
enlightened the minds of the ignorant—degraded rather than exalted the
devotion of the worshiper. So that, however they might have been
intended to direct men's minds to God, they ended in turning them from
him to the worship of created things.”—J. Mendham, The Seventh General Council, the Second of Nicaea, Introduction, pages III-VI.GC 680.2
For
a record of the proceedings and decisions of the Second Council of
Nicaea, A.D. 787, called to establish the worship of images, see
Baronius, Ecclesiastical Annals,Vol. 9, pp. 391-407 (Antwerp, 1612); J. Mendham, The Seventh General Council, the Second of Nicaea; Ed. Stillingfleet, Defense of the Discourse Concerning the Idolatry Practiced in the Church of Rome (London, 1686); A Select Library of Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, 2d series, vol. 14, pp. 521-587 (New York, 1900); Charles J. Hefele, A History of the Councils of the Church, from the Original Documents, B. 18, ch. 1, secs. 332, 333; ch. 2, secs. 345-352 (T. and T. Clark Education, 1896), vol. 5, pp. 260-304, 342-372.GC 680.3
Page
53. The Sunday Law of Constantine.—The law issued by the Emperor
Constantine on the seventh of March, A.D. 321, regarding a day of rest
from labor, reads thus:GC 680.4
“All
judges and city people and the craftsmen shall rest upon the venerable
day of the sun. Country people, however, may freely attend to the
cultivation of the fields, because it frequently happens that no other
days are better adapted for planting the grain in the furrows or the
vines in trenches. So that the advantage given by heavenly providence
may not for the occasion of a short time perish.”—Joseph Cullen Ayer, A Source Book for Ancient Church History (New York: Charles Scribner's sons, 1913), div. 2, per. 1, ch. 1, sec. 59, g, pp. 284, 285.GC 680.5
The latin original is in the Codex Justiniani (Codex of Justinian), Lib. 3,Title 12, Lex 3. The law is given in Latin and in English translation in Philip Schaff's History of the Christian Church, Vol. 3, 3d period, ch. 7, sec. 75, p. 380, footnote 1; and in James A. Hessey's Bampton Lectures, Sunday,
Lecture 3, par. 1, 3d ed., Murray's printing of 1866, p. 58. See
discussion in Schaff, as above referred to; in Albert Henry Newman, A Manual of Church History (Philadelphia:
the American Baptist Publication Society, printing of 1933), rev. ed.,
vol. 1, pp. 305-307; and in Leroy E. Froom, The Prophetic Faith of Our Fathers (Washington, D.C.: Review and Herald Publishing Assn., 1950), vol. 1, pp. 376-381.GC 680.6
Page
54. Prophetic Dates.—An important principle in prophetic interpretation
in connection with time prophecies is the year-day principle, under
which a day of prophetic time is counted as a calendar year of historic
time. Before the Israelites entered the land of Canaan they sent twelve
spies ahead to investigate. The spies were gone forty days, and upon
their return the Hebrews, frightened at their report, refused to go up
and occupy the promised land. The result was a sentence the Lord passed
upon them: “After the number of the days in which ye searched the land,
even forty days, each day for a year, shall ye bear your iniquities,
even forty years.” Numbers 14:34.
A similar method of computing future time is indicated through the
prophet Ezekiel. Forty years of punishment for iniquities awaited the
kingdom of Judah. The Lord said through the prophet: “Lie again on thy
right side, and thou shalt bear the iniquity of the house of Judah forty
days: I have appointed thee each day for a year.” Ezekiel 4:6.
This year-day principle has an important application in interpreting
the time of the prophecy of the “two thousand and three hundred evenings
and mornings” (Daniel 8:14, R.V.) and the 1260-day period, variously indicated as “a time and times and the dividing of time” (Daniel 7:25), the “forty and two months” (Revelation 11:2; 13:5), and the “thousand two hundred and threescore days” (Revelation 11:3; 12:6).GC 681.1
Page
56. Forged Writings.—Among the documents that at the present time are
generally admitted to be forgeries, the Donation of Constantine and the
Pseudo-Isidorian Decretals are of primary importance. “The ‘Donation of
Constantine’ is the name traditionally applied, since the later Middle
Ages, to a document purporting to have been addressed by Constantine the
Great to Pope Sylvester I, which is found first in a Parisian
manuscript (Codex lat. 2777)
of probably the beginning of the ninth century. Since the eleventh
century it has been used as a powerful argument in favor of the papal
claims, and consequently since the twelfth it has been the subject of a
vigorous controversy. At the same time, by rendering it possible to
regard the papacy as a middle term between the original and the medieval
Roman Empire, and thus to form a theoretical basis of continuity for
the reception of the Roman law in the Middle Ages, it has had no small
influence upon secular history.”—The NewSchaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge, vol. 3, art. “Donation of Constantine,” pp. 484, 485.GC 681.2
The historical theory developed in the “Donation” is fully discussed in Henry E. Cardinal Manning's The Temporal Power of the Vicar of Jesus Christ,
London, 1862. The arguments of the “Donation” were of a scholastic
type, and the possibility of a forgery was not mentioned until the rise
of historical criticism in the fifteenth century. Nicholas of Cusa was
among the first to conclude that Constantine never made any such
donation. Lorenza Valla in Italy gave a brilliant demonstration of its
spuriousness in 1450. See Christopher B. Coleman's Treatise of Lorenzo Valla on the Donation of Constantine (New York, 1927). For a century longer, however, the belief in the authenticity of the “Donation” and of the False Decretals was
kept alive. For example, Martin Luther at first accepted the decretals,
but he soon said to Eck: “I impugn these decretals;” and to Spalatin:
“He [the pope] does in his decretals corrupt and crucify Christ, that
is, the truth.”GC 682.1
It
is deemed established that (1) the “Donation” is a forgery, (2) it is
the work of one man or period, (3) the forger has made use of older
documents, (4) the forgery originated around 752 and 778. As for the
Catholics, they abandoned the defense of the authenticity of the
document with Baronius, Ecclesiastical Annals, in 1592. Consult for the best text, K. Zeumer, in the Festgabe fur Rudolf von Gneist (Berlin, 1888). Translated in Coleman's Treatise, referred to above, and in Ernest F. Henderson, Select Historical Documents of the Middle Ages (New York, 1892), p. 319; Briefwechsel (Weimar ed.), pp. 141, 161. See also The New Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge (1950), vol. 3, p. 484; F. Gregorovius, Rome in the Middle Ages, vol. 2, p. 329; and Johann Joseph Ignaz von Dollinger, Fables Respecting the Popes of the Middle Ages (London, 1871).GC 682.2
The
“false writings” referred to in the text include also the
Pseudo-Isidorian Decretals, together with other forgeries. The
Pseudo-Isidorian Decretals are certain fictitious letters ascribed to
early popes from Clement (A.D. 100) to Gregory the Great (A.D. 600),
incorporated in a ninth century collection purporting to have been made
by “Isidore Mercator.” The name “Pseudo-Isidorian Decretals” has been in
use since the advent of criticism in the fifteenth century.GC 682.3
Pseudo-Isidore took as the basis of his forgeries a collection of valid canons called the Hispana Gallica Augustodunensis, thus
lessening the danger of detection, since collections of canons were
commonly made by adding new matter to old. Thus his forgeries were less
apparent when incorporated with genuine material. The falsity of the
Pseudo-Isidorian fabrications is now incontestably admitted, being
proved by internal evidence, investigation of the sources, the methods
used, and the fact that this material was unknown before 852. Historians
agree that 850 or 851 is the most probable date for the completion of
the collection, since the document is first cited in the Admonitio of the capitulary of Quiercy, in 857.GC 682.4
The author of these forgeries is not known. It is probable that theyemanated
from the aggressive new church party which formed in the ninth century
at Rheims, France. It is agreed that Bishop Hincmar of Rheims used these
Decretals in his deposition of Rothad of Soissons, who brought the
Decretals to Rome in 864 and laid them before Pope Nicholas I.GC 682.5
Among
those who challenged their authenticity were Nicholas of Cusa
(1401-1464), Charles Dumoulin (1500-1566), and George Cassender (1513-
1564). The irrefutable proof of their falsity was conveyed by David
Blondel, 1628.GC 683.1
An early edition is given in Migne Patrologia Latina, CXXX. For the oldest and best manuscript, see P. Hinschius, Decretales Pseudo-Isidorianiae at Capitula Angilramni(Leipzig, 1863). Consult The New Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge (1950), vol. 9, pp. 343-345. See also H. H. Milman, Latin Christianity (Vols.), vol. 3; Johann Joseph Ignaz von Dollinger, The Pope and the Council (1869); and Kenneth Scott Latourette, A history of the Expansion of Christianity (1939), vol. 3; The Catholic Encyclopedia, Vol. 5, art. “False Decretals,” and Fournier, “Etudes sure les Fausses Decretals,” In Revue D'Historique Ecclesiastique (Louvain) vol. 7 (1906), and vol. 8 (1907).GC 683.2
Page 57. The Dictate of Hildebrand (Gregory VII).—For the original Latin version see Baronius, Annales Ecclesiastici, Ann. 1076, vol. 17, pp. 405, 406 of the Paris printing of 1869; and the Monumenta Germaniae Historica Selecta, Vol. 3, p. 17. For an English translation see Frederic A. Ogg, Source Book of Medieval History (New York: American Book Co., 1907), ch. 6, sec. 45, pp. 262-264; and Oliver J. Thatcher and Edgar H. McNeal, Source Book for Medieval History (New York: Charles Scribner's sons, 1905), sec. 3, item 65, pp. 136-139.GC 683.3
For a discussion of the background of the Dictate, see James Bryce, The Holy Roman Empire, Rev. Ed., Ch. 10; and James W. Thompson and Edgar N. Johnson, An Introduction to Medieval Europe, 300-1500, pages 377-380.GC 683.4
Page
59. Purgatory.—Dr. Joseph Faa Di Bruno thus defines purgatory:
“Purgatory is a state of suffering after this life, in which those souls
are for a time detained, who depart this life after their deadly sins
have been remitted as to the stain and guilt, and as to the everlasting
pain that was due to them; but who have on account of those sins still
some debt of temporal punishment to pay; as also those souls which leave
this world guilty only of venial sins.”—Catholic Belief (1884 ed.; Imprimatur Archbishop of New York), page 196.GC 683.5
See also K. R. Hagenbach, Compendium of the History of Doctrines (T. and T. Clark ed.) vol. 1, pp. 234-237, 405, 408; vol. 2, pp. 135-150, 308, 309; Charles Elliott, Delineation of Roman Catholicism, B. 2, ch. 12; The Catholic Encyclopedia, vol. 12, art. “Purgatory.”GC 683.6
Page 59. Indulgences.—For a detailed history of the doctrine of indulgences see Mandell Creighton, A History of the Papacy From the Greatchism to the sack of Rome (London: Longmans, Green and Co., 1911), vol. 5, pp. 56-64, 71; W.H. Kent, “Indulgences,” The Catholic Encyclopedia, vol. 7, pp. 783-789; H. C. Lea, A History of Auricular Confession and Indulgences in the Latin Church (Philadelphia: Lea Brothers and Co., 1896); Thomas M. Lindsay, A History of the Reformation (New York; Charles Scribner's Sons, 1917), vol. 1, pp. 216-227; Albert Henry Newman, A Manual of Church History (Philadelphia: The American Baptist Publication Society, 1953), vol. 2, pp. 53, 54, 62; Leopold Ranke, History of the Reformation in Germany (2d London ed., 1845), translated by Sarah Austin, vol. 1, pp. 331, 335-337, 343-346; Preserved Smith, The Age of the Reformation (New York: Henry Holt and Company, 1920), pp. 23-25, 66.GC 683.7
On
the practical outworkings of the doctrine of indulgences during the
period of the Reformation see a paper by Dr. H. C. Lea, entitled,
“Indulgences in Spain,” published in Papers of the American Society of Church History, Vol.
1, pp. 129-171. Of the value of this historical sidelight Dr. Lea says
in his opening paragraph: “Unvexed by the controversy which raged
between Luther and Dr. Eck and Silvester Prierias, Spain continued
tranquilly to follow in the old and beaten path, and furnishes us with
the incontestable official documents which enable us to examine the
matter in the pure light of history.”GC 684.1
Page 59. The Mass.—For the doctrine of the mass as set forth at the council of trent see The Canons and Decrees of the Council of Trent In Philip Schaff, Creeds of Christendom, Vol. 2, pp. 126-139, where both Latin and English texts are given. See also H. G. Schroeder, Canons and Decrees of the Council of Trent (St. Louis, Missouri: B. Herder, 1941).GC 684.2
For a discussion of the mass see The Catholic Encyclopedia, vol 5, art. “Eucharist,” by Joseph Pohle, page 572ff.; Nikolaus Gihr, Holy Sacrifice of the Mass, Dogmatically, Liturgically, Ascetically Explained, 12th ed. (St. Louis, Missouri: B. Herder, 1937); Josef Andreas Jungmann, The Mass of the Roman Rite, its Origins and Development,translated from the German by Francis A. Brunner (New York: Benziger Bros., 1951). For the non-Catholic view, see John Calvin, Institutes of the Christian Religion, B. 4, chs. 17, 18; and Edward Bouverie Pusey, The Doctrine of the Real Presence (Oxford, England: John H. Parker, 1855).GC 684.3
Page
65. The Sabbath Among the Waldenses.—There are writers who have
maintained that the Waldenses made a general practice of observing the
seventh-day Sabbath. This concept arose from sources which in the
original Latin describe the Waldenses as keeping the Dies Dominicalis, or
Lord's day (Sunday), but in which through a practice which dates from
the reformation, the word for “Sunday” has been translated “Sabbath.”GC 684.4
But
there is historical evidence of some observance of the seventh-day
Sabbath among the Waldenses. A report of an inquisition before whom were
brought some Waldenses of Moravia in the middle of the fifteenth
century declares that among the Waldenses “not a few indeed celebrate
theSabbath with the Jews.”—Johann Joseph Ignaz von Dollinger, Beitrage zur Sektengeschichte des Mittelalters (Reports on the History of the Sects of the Middle Ages), Munich, 1890, 2d pt., p. 661. There can be no question that this source indicates the observance of the seventh-day Sabbath.GC 684.5
Page
65. Waldensian Versions of the Bible.—On recent discoveries of
Waldensian manuscripts see M. Esposito, “Sur quelques manuscrits de
l'ancienne litterature des Vaudois du Piemont,” In Revue D’ Historique Ecclesiastique (Louvain, 1951), p. 130ff.; F. Jostes, “Die Waldenserbibeln,” In Historisches Jahrbuch, 1894; D. Lortsch, Histoire de la Bible en France (Paris, 1910), ch. 10.GC 685.1
A classic written by one of the Waldensian “barbs” is Jean Leger, Histoire Generale des Eglises Evangeliques des Vallees de Piemont (Leyden, 1669), which was written at the time of the great persecutions and contains firsthand information with drawings.GC 685.2
For the literature of Waldensian texts see A. deStefano, Civilta Medioevale (1944); and Riformatori ed eretici nel medioeve (Palermo, 1938); J. D. Bounous, The Waldensian Patois of Pramol (Nashville, 1936); and A. Dondaine, Archivum Fratrum Praedicatorum (1946).GC 685.3
For the history of the Waldenses some of the more recent, reliable works are: E. Comba, History of the Waldenses in Italy (see later Italian edition published in Torre Pellice, 1934); E. Gebhart, Mystics and Heretics (Boston, 1927); G. Gonnet, Il Valdismo Medioevale, Prolegomeni (Torre Pellice, 1935); and Jalla, Histoire des Vaudois et leurs colonies (Torre Pellice, 1935).GC 685.4
Page
77. Edict Against the Waldenses.—A considerable portion of the text of
the papal bull issued by Innocent VIII in 1487 against the Waldenses
(the original of which is in the library of the University of Cambridge)
is given, in an English translation, in John Dowling's History of Romanism (1871 ed.), B. 6, ch. 5, sec. 62.GC 685.5
Page
80. Wycliffe.—The historian discovers that the name of Wycliffe, has
many different forms of spelling. For a full discussion of these see J.
Dahmus, The Prosecution of John Wyclyf (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1952), p. 7.GC 685.6
Page 85. Papal Bulls.GC 685.7
For the original text of the papal bulls issued against Wycliffe with English translation see J. Dahmus, The Prosecution of John Wyclyf (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1952), pp. 35-49; also John Foxe, Acts and Monuments of the Church (London: Pratt Townsend, 1870), vol. 3, pp. 4-13.GC 685.8
For
a summary of these bulls sent to the archbishop of Canterbury, to King
Edward, and to the chancellor of the University of Oxford, see Merle
D'Aubigne, The History of the Reformation in the Sixteenth Century (London: Blackie and son, 1885), vol. 4, div. 7, p. 93; August Neander, GeneralHistory of the Christian Church (Boston: Crocker and Brester, 1862), vol. 5, pp. 146, 147; George Sargeant, History of the Christian Church (Dallas: Frederick Publishing House, 1948), p. 323; Gotthard V. Lechler, John Wycliffe and his English Precursors (London: The Religious Tract Society, 1878), pp. 162-164; Philip Schaff, History of the Christian Church (New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1915), vol. 5, pt. 2, p. 317.GC 685.9
Page 104. Council of Constance.—A primary source on the Council of Constance is Richendal Ulrich, Das Concilium so zu Constanz gehalten ist worden (Augsburg,
1483, incun.). An interesting, recent study of this text, based on the
“Aulendorf Codex,” is in the Spencer Collection of the New York Public
Library, published by Karl Kup, Ulrich von Richental's Chronicle of the Council of Constance (New York, 1936). See also H. Finke (ed.), Acta Concilii Constanciensis (1896), vol. 1; Hefele, Conciliengeschichte(9 vols.), vols. 6, 7; L. Mirbt, Quellen zur Geschichte des Papsttums (1934); Milman, Latin Christianity, vol. 7, pp. 426-524; Pastor, The History of the Popes (34 vols.), vol. 1, p. 197ff.GC 686.1
More recent publications on the council are K. Zahringer, Das Kardinal Kollegium auf dem Konstanzer Konzil (Munster, 1935); Th. F. Grogau, The Conciliar Theory as it Manifested itself at the Council of Constance (Washington, 1949); Fred A. Kremple, Cultural Aspects of the Council of Constance and Basel (Ann Arbor, 1955); John Patrick McGowan, D'ailly and the Council of Constance (Washington: Catholic University, 1936).GC 686.2
For John Huss see John Hus, Letters, 1904; E. J. Kitts, Pope John XXIII and Master John Hus (London, 1910); D. S. Schaff, John Hus (1915); Schwarze, John Hus (1915); and Matthew Spinka, John Hus and the Czech Reform (1941).GC 686.3
Page
234. Jesuitism.—For a statement concerning the origin, the principles,
and the purposes of the “Society of Jesus,” as outlined by members of
this order, see a work entitled Concerning Jesuits, edited
by the Rev. John Gerard, S.J., and published in London, 1902, by the
Catholic Truth Society. In this work it is said, “The mainspring of the
whole organization of the Society is a spirit of entire obedience: ‘Let
each one,’ writes St. Ignatius, ‘persuade himself that those who live
under obedience ought to allow themselves to be moved and directed by
divine Providence through their superiors, just as though they were a
dead body, which allows itself to be carried anywhere and to be treated
in any manner whatever, or as an old man's staff, which serves him who
holds it in his hand in whatsoever way he will.’GC 686.4
“This
absolute submission is ennobled by its motive, and should be, continues
the ... founder, ‘prompt, joyous and persevering; ... The obedient
religious accomplishes joyfully that which his superiors have confided
to him for the general good, assured that thereby he corresponds truly
with the divine will.’”—The Comtesse R. de Courson, in Concerning Jesuits, page 6.GC 686.5
See also L. E. Dupin, A Compendious History of the Church, cent. 16, ch. 33 (London, 1713, vol. 4, pp. 132-135); Mosheim, Ecclesiastical History, cent. 16, sec. 3, pt. 1, ch. 1, par. 10 (including notes); The Encyclopedia Britannica (9th ed.), art. “Jesuits;” C. Paroissen, The Principles of the Jesuits, Developed in a Collection of Extracts from their Own Authors (London, 1860—an earlier edition appeared in 1839); W. C. Cartwright, The Jesuits, Their Constitution and Teaching (London, 1876); E. L. Taunton, The History of the Jesuits in England, 1580-1773 (London, 1901).GC 687.1
See also H. Boehmer, The Jesuits (translation from the German, Philadelphia, castle press 1928); E. Goethein, Ignatius von Loyola und die Gegenreformation (Halle, 1895); T. Campbell, The Jesuits, 1534-1921 (New York, 1922).GC 687.2
Page 235. The Inquisition.—For the Roman Catholic view see The Catholic Encyclopedia, Vol. 8, art. “Inquisition” By Joseph Blotzer, p. 26ff.: And E. Vacandard, The Inquisition: A Critical and Historical Study of the Coercive Power of the Church (New York: Longmans, Green and Company, 1908).GC 687.3
For an Anglo-Catholic view see Hoffman Nickerson, The Inquisition: A Political and Military Study of its Establishment. For the non-Catholic view see Philip van Limborch, History of the Inquisition; Henry Charles Lea, A History of the Inquisition of the Middle Ages, 3 vols.; A History of the Inquisition of Spain, 4 vols., and The Inquisition in the Spanish Dependencies; and H. S. Turberville, Medieval Heresy and the Inquisition (London: C. Lockwood and Son, 1920—a mediating view).GC 687.4
Page
265. Causes of the French Revolution.—On the far-reaching consequences
of the rejection of the Bible and of Bible religion, by the people of
France, see H. von Sybel, History of the French Revolution, B. 5, ch. 1, pars. 3-7; Henry Thomas Buckle, History of Civilization in England, Chs. 8 , 12, 14 (New York, 1895, vol. 1, pp. 364-366, 369-371, 437, 540, 541, 550); Blackwood's Magazine, Vol. 34, no. 215 (November, 1833), p. 739; J. G. Lorimer, An Historical Sketch of the Protestant Church in France, Ch. 8, pars. 6, 7.GC 687.5
Page
267. Efforts to Suppress and Destroy the Bible.—The Council of
Toulouse, which met about the time of the crusade against the
Albigenses, ruled: “We prohibit laymen possessing copies of the Old and
New Testament.... We forbid them most severely to have the above books
in the popular vernacular.” “The Lords of the districts shall carefully
seek out the heretics in dwellings, hovels, and forests, and even their
underground retreats shall be entirely wiped out.”—Concil. Tolosanum, Pope Gregory IX, Anno. Chr. 1229. Canons 14 and 2. This Council sat at the time of the crusade against the Albigenses.GC 687.6
“This pest [the Bible] had taken such an extension that some people hadappointed
priests of their own, and even some evangelists who distorted and
destroyed the truth of the gospel and made new gospels for their own
purpose ... (They know that) the preaching and explanation of the Bible
is absolutely forbidden to the lay members.”—Acts of Inquisition, Philip van Limborch, History of the Inquisition, chapter 8.GC 687.7
The
Council of Tarragona, 1234, ruled that: “No one may possess the books
of the Old and New Testaments in the Romance language, and if anyone
possesses them he must turn them over to the local bishop within eight
days after promulgation of this decree, so that they may be burned lest,
be he a cleric or a layman, he be suspected until he is cleared of all
suspicion.”—D. Lortsch, Histoire de la Bible en France, 1910, p. 14.GC 688.1
At
the Council of Constance, in 1415, Wycliffe was posthumously condemned
by Arundel, the archbishop of Canterbury, as “that pestilent wretch of
damnable heresy who invented a new translation of the Scriptures in his
mother tongue.”GC 688.2
The
opposition to the Bible by the Roman Catholic Church has continued
through the centuries and was increased particularly at the time of the
founding of Bible societies. On December 8, 1866, Pope Pius IX, in his
encyclical Quanta cura, issued
a syllabus of eighty errors under ten different headings. Under heading
IV we find listed: “Socialism, communism, clandestine societies, Bible
societies.... Pests of this sort must be destroyed by all possible
means.”GC 688.3
Page 276. The Reign of Terror.—For a reliable, brief introduction into the history of the French Revolution see L. Gershoy, The French Revolution (1932); G. Lefebvre, The Coming of the French Revolution (Princeton, 1947); and H. von Sybel, History of the French Revolution (1869), 4 vols.GC 688.4
The Moniteur Officiel was
the government paper at the time of the Revolution and is a primary
source, containing a factual account of actions taken by the assemblies,
full texts of the documents, etc. It has been reprinted. See also A.
Aulard, Christianity and the French Revolution (London, 1927), in which the account is carried through 1802—an excellent study; W. H. Jervis, The Gallican Church and the Revolution (London, 1882), a careful work by an Anglican, but shows preference for Catholicism.GC 688.5
On the relation of church and state in France during the French Revolution see Henry H. Walsh, The Concordate of 1801: A Study of Nationalism in Relation to Church and State (New York, 1933); Charles Ledre, L'Eglise de France sous la Revolution (Paris, 1949).GC 688.6
Some contemporary studies on the religious significance of the Revolution are G. Chais de Sourcesol, Le Livre des Manifestes (Avignon,
1800), in which the author endeavored to ascertain the causes of the
upheaval, and its religious significance, etc.; James Bicheno, The Signs of the Times (London, 1794); James Winthrop, A Systematic Arrangement of Several Scripture Prophecies Relating to Antichrist; with Their Application to the Course of History(Boston, 1795); and Lathrop, The Prophecy of Daniel Relating to the Time of the End (Springfield, Massachusetts, 1811).GC 688.7
For the church during the Revolution see W. M. Sloan, The French Revolution and Religious Reform (1901); P. F. La Gorce, Histoire Religieuse de la Revolution (Paris, 1909).GC 689.1
On relations with the papacy see G. Bourgin, La France et Rome de 1788-1797 (Paris, 1808), based on secret files in the Vatican; A. Latreille, L’ Eglise Catholique et la Revolution (Paris, 1950), especially interesting on Pius VI and the religious crisis, 1775-1799.GC 689.2
For Protestants during the Revolution, see Pressense (ed.), The Reign of Terror (Cincinnati, 1869).GC 689.3
Page
280. The Masses and the Privileged Classes.—On social conditions
prevailing in France prior to the period of the Revolution, see H. von
Holst, Lowell Lectures on the French Revolution, Lecture 1; also Taine, Ancien Regime, and A. Young, Travels in France.GC 689.4
Page 283. Retribution.—For further details concerning the retributive character of the French Revolution see Thos. H. Gill, The Papal Drama, B. 10; Edmond de Pressense, The Church and the French Revolution, b. 3, ch. 1.GC 689.5
Page 284. The Atrocities of the Reign of Terror.—See M. A. Thiers, History of the French Revolution, Vol. 3, pp. 42-44, 62-74, 106 (New York, 1890, translated by F. Shoberl); F. A. Mignet, History of the French Revolution, ch. 9, par. 1 (Bohn, 1894); A. Alison, History of Europe, 1789-1815, vol. 1, ch. 14 (New York, 1872, vol. 1, pp. 293-312).GC 689.6
Page
287. The Circulation of the Scriptures.—In 1804, according to Mr.
William Canton of the British and Foreign Bible Society, “all the Bibles
extant in the world, in manuscript or in print, counting every version
in every land, were computed at not many more than four millions.... The
various languages in which those four millions were written, including
such bygone speech as the Moeso-Gothic of Ulfilas and the Anglo-Saxon of
Bede, are set down as numbering about fifty.”—What is the Bible Society?rev. ed., 1904, 23.GC 689.7
The
American Bible Society reported a distribution from 1816 through 1955
of 481,149,365 Bibles, Testaments, and portions of Testaments. To this
may be added over 600,000,000 Bibles or Scripture portions distributed
by the British and Foreign Bible Society. During the year 1955 alone the
American Bible Society distributed a grand total of 23,819,733 Bibles,
Testaments, and portions of Testaments throughout the world.GC 689.8
The
Scriptures, in whole or in part, have been printed, as of December,
1955, in 1,092 languages; and new languages are constantly being added.GC 689.9
Page
288. Foreign Missions.—The missionary activity of the early Christian
church has not been duplicated until modern times. It had virtually died
out by the year 1000, and was succeeded by the military campaigns of
the Crusades. The Reformation era saw little foreign mission work,
except on the part of the early Jesuits. The pietistic revival produced
some missionaries. The work of the Moravian Church in the eighteenth
century was remarkable, and there were some missionary societies formed
by the British for work in colonized North America. But the great
resurgence of foreign missionary activity begins around the year 1800,
at “the time of the end.” Daniel 12:4.
In 1792 was formed the Baptist Missionary Society, which sent Carey to
India. In 1795 the London Missionary Society was organized, and another
society in 1799 which in 1812 became the Church Missionary Society.
Shortly afterward the Wesleyan Missionary Society was founded. In the
United States the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions
was formed in 1812, and Adoniram Judson was sent out that year to
Calcutta. He established himself in Burma the next year. In 1814 the
American Baptist Missionary Union was formed. The Presbyterian Board of
Foreign Missions was formed in 1837.GC 690.1
“In
A.D. 1800, ... the overwhelming majority of Christians were the
descendants of those who had been won before A.D. 1500.... Now, in the
nineteenth century, came a further expansion of Christianity. Not so
many continents or major countries were entered for the first time as in
the preceding three centuries. That would have been impossible, for on
all the larger land masses of the earth except Australia and among all
the more numerous peoples and in all the areas of high civilization
Christianity had been introduced before A.D. 1800. What now occurred was
the acquisition of fresh footholds in regions and among peoples already
touched, an expansion of unprecedented extent from both the newer bases
and the older ones, and the entrance of Christianity into the large
majority of such countries, islands, peoples, and tribes as had
previously not been touched....GC 690.2
“The
nineteenth century spread of Christianity was due primarily to a new
burst of religious life emanating from the Christian impulse.... Never
in any corresponding length of time had the Christian impulse given rise
to so many new movements. Never had it had quite so great an effect
upon Western European peoples. It was from this abounding vigor that
there issued the missionary enterprise which during the nineteenth
century so augmented the numerical strength and the influence of
Christianity.”—Kenneth Scott Latourette, A History of the Expansion of Christianity, Vol. IV, The Great Century A.D. 1800 - A.D. 1914 (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1941), pp. 2-4.GC 690.3
Pages
327, 329. Prophetic Dates.—According to Jewish reckoning the fifth
month (Ab) of the seventh year of Artaxerxes’ reign was from July 23 to
August 21, 457 B.C. after Ezra's arrival in Jerusalem in the autumn of
the year, the decree of the king went into effect. For the certainty of
the date 457 B.C. being the seventh year of Artaxerxes, see S. H. Horn
and L. H. Wood, TheChronology ofEzra 7 (Washington, D. C.: Review and Herald Publishing Assn., 1953); E. G. Kraeling, The Brooklyn Museum Aramaic Papyri(New Haven or London, 1953), pp. 191-193; The S.D.A. Bible Commentary 3:97-110 (Hagerstown, MD: Review and Herald Publishing Assn., 1954, 1977).GC 690.4
Page
335. Fall of the Ottoman Empire.—The impact of Moslem Turkey upon
Europe after the fall of Constantinople in 1453 was as severe as had
been the catastrophic conquests of the Moslem Saracens, during the
century and a half after the death of Mohammed, upon the Eastern Roman
Empire. Throughout the Reformation era, Turkey was a continual threat at
the Eastern gates of European Christendom; the writings of the
Reformers are full of condemnation of the Ottoman power. Christian
writers since have been concerned with the role of Turkey in future
world events, and commentators on prophecy have seen Turkish power and
its decline forecast in Scripture.GC 691.1
For
the latter chapter, under the “hour, day, month, year” prophecy, as
part of the sixth trumpet, Josiah Litch worked out an application of the
time prophecy, terminating Turkish independence in August, 1840.
Litch's view can be found in full in his The Probability of the Second Coming of Christ about A.D. 1843 (published in June, 1838); An Address to the Clergy (published
in the spring of 1840; a second edition, with historical data in
support of the accuracy of former calculations of the prophetic period
extending to the fall of the Ottoman Empire, was published in 1841); and
an article in Signs of the Times and Expositor of Prophecy, August 1, 1840. See also article in The Signs of the Times and Expositor of Prophecy, February 1, 1841; and J. N. Loughborough, The Great Second Advent Movement (1905 ed.), pp. 129-132. The book by Uriah Smith, Thoughts on Daniel and the Revelation, rev. ed. off 1944, discusses the prophetic timing of this prophecy on pages 506-517.GC 691.2
For the earlier history of the Ottoman Empire and the decline of the Turkish power, see also William Miller, The Ottoman Empire and Its Successors, 1801-1927 (Cambridge, England: University Press, 1936); George G. S. L. Eversley, The Turkish Empire from 1288 to 1914 (London : T. Fisher Unwin, Ltd., 2d ed., 1923); Joseph von Hammer-Purgstall, Geschichte des Osmannischen Reiches (Pesth: C. A. Hartleben, 2d ed., 1834-36), 4 vols.; Herbert A. Gibbons, Foundation of the Ottoman Empire, 1300-1403 (Oxford: University Press, 1916); Arnold J. Toynbee and Kenneth B. Kirkwood, Turkey (London, 1926).GC 691.3
Page
340. Withholding the Bible From the People.—The reader will recognize
that the text of this volume was written prior to Vatican Council II,
with its somewhat altered policies in regard to the reading of the
Scriptures.GC 691.4
Through
the centuries, the attitude of the Roman Catholic Church toward
circulation of the Holy Scriptures in vernacular versions among the
laity shows up as negative. See for example G. P. Fisher, The Reformation, Ch. 15,Par. 16 (1873 ed., pp. 530-532); J. Cardinal Gibbons, The Faith of Our Fathers, ch. 8 (49th ed., 1897), pp. 98-117; John Dowling, History of Romanism, b. 7, ch. 2, sec. 14; and b. 9, ch. 3, secs. 24-27 (1871 ed., pp. 491-496, 621-625); L. F. Bungener, History of the Council of Trent, pp. 101-110 (2d Edinburgh ed., 1853, translated by D. D. Scott); G. H. Putnam, Books and Their Makers During the Middle Ages, vol. 1, pt. 2, ch. 2, pars. 49, 54-56. See also Index of Prohibited Books (Vatican Polyglot Press, 1930), pp. IX, X; Timothy Hurley, A Commentary on the Present Index Legislation (New York: Benziger Brothers, 1908), p. 71; Translation of the Great Encyclical Letters of Leo XIII (New York: Benziger Brothers, 1903), p. 413.GC 691.5
But
in recent years a dramatic and positive change has occurred in this
respect. On the one hand, the church has approved several versions
prepared on the basis of the original languages; on the other, it has
promoted the study of the Holy Scriptures by means of free distribution
and Bible institutes. The church, however, continues to reserve for
herself the exclusive right to interpret the Bible in the light of her
own tradition, thus justifying those doctrines that do not harmonize
with Biblical teachings.GC 692.1
Page
373. Ascension Robes.—The story that the Adventists made robes with
which to ascend “to meet the Lord in the air,” was invented by those who
wished to reproach the Advent preaching. It was circulated so
industriously that many believed it, but careful inquiry proved its
falsity. For many years a substantial reward was offered for proof that
one such instance ever occurred, but no proof has been produced. None
who loved the appearing of the Saviour were so ignorant of the teachings
of the Scriptures as to suppose that robes which they could make would
be necessary for that occasion. The only robe which the saints will need
to meet the Lord is the righteousness of Christ. See Isaiah 61:10; Revelation 19:8.GC 692.2
For a thorough refutation of the legend of ascension robes, see Francis D. Nichol, Midnight Cry (Washington, D.C.: Review and Herald Publishing Assn., 1944), chs. 25-27, and Appendices H-J. See also Leroy Edwin Froom, Prophetic Faith of Our Fathers (Washington, D.C.: Review and Herald Publishing Assn., 1954), vol. 4, pp. 822-826.GC 692.3
Page
374. The Chronology of Prophecy.—Dr. George Bush, professor of Hebrew
and Oriental Literature in the New York City University, in a letter
addressed to William Miller and published in the Advent Herald and Signs of the Times Reporter, Boston,
March 6 and 13, 1844, made some important admissions relative to his
calculation of the prophetic times. Dr. Bush wrote:GC 692.4
“Neither
is it to be objected, as I conceive, to yourself or your friends, that
you have devoted much time and attention to the study of the chronology of
prophecy, and have labored much to determine the commencing and closing
dates of its great periods. If these periods are actually given by the
Holy Ghost in the prophetic books, it was doubtless with the design that
theyshould be
studied, and probably, in the end, fully understood; and no man is to
be charged with presumptuous folly who reverently makes the attempt to
do this.... In taking a day as the prophetical term for a year ,
I believe you are sustained by the soundest exegesis, as well as
fortified by the high names of [Joseph] Mede, Sir Isaac Newton, Bishop
[Thomas] Newton, [William] Kirby, [James] Scott, [Alexander] Keith, and a
host of others who have long since come to substantially your conclusions on this head. They all agree that the leading periods mentioned by Daniel and John, do actually expire about this age of the world, and
it would be a strange logic that would convict you of heresy for
holding in effect the same views which stand forth so prominent in the
notices of these eminent divines.” “Your results in this field of
inquiry do not strike me so far out of the way as to affect any of the
great interests of truth or duty.” “Your error, as I apprehend, lies in
another direction than your chronology.” “You have entirely mistaken the nature of the events which
are to occur when those periods have expired. This is the head and
front of your expository offending.” See also Leroy Edwin Froom, Prophetic Faith of Our Fathers (Washington, D.C.: Review and Herald Publishing Assn., 1950), vol. 1, chs. 1, 2.GC 692.5
Page 435. A threefold message.—Revelation 14:6, 7 foretells
the proclamation of the first angel's message. Then the prophet
continues: “There followed another angel, saying, Babylon is fallen, is
fallen.... and the third angel followed them.” The word here rendered
“followed” means “to go along with,” “to follow one,” “go with him.” See
Henry George Liddell and Robert Scott, Greek English Lexicon (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1940), Vol. 1, p. 52. It also means “to accompany.” see George Abbott-Smith, A Manual Greek Lexicon of the New Testament (Edinburgh: T. and T. Clark, 1950), page 17. It is the same word that is used in Mark 5:24,
“Jesus went with him; and much people followed Him, and thronged Him.”
It is also used of the redeemed one hundred and forty-four thousand, Revelation 14:4,
where it is said, “these are they which follow the Lamb whithersoever
He goeth.” In both these places it is evident that the idea intended to
be conveyed is that of “going together,” “in company with.” So in 1 Corinthians 10:4,
where we read of the children of Israel that “they drank of that
spiritual Rock that followed them,” the word “followed” is translated
from the same Greek word, and the margin has it, “went with them.” From
this we learn that the idea in Revelation 14:8, 9 is
not simply that the second and third angels followed the first in point
of time, but that they went with him. The three messages are but one
threefold message. They are three only in the order of their rise. But having risen, they go on together and are inseparable.GC 693.1
Page
447. Supremacy of the Bishops of Rome.—For the leading circumstances in
the assumption of supremacy by the bishops of Rome, see Robert Francis
Cardinal Bellarmine, Power of the Popes in Temporal Affairs (there is an English Translation in the Library of Congress, Washington, D. C.); Henry Edward Cardinal Manning, The Temporal Power of the Vicar of Jesus Christ (London: Burns and Lambert, 2d ed., 1862); and James Cardinal Gibbons, Faith Of Our Fathers (Baltimore: John Murphy Co., 110th ed., 1917), Chs. 5, 9, 10, 12. For Protestant authors see Trevor Gervase Jalland, The Church and the Papacy (London: Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, 1944, a BamptonLecture); and Richard Frederick Littledale, Petrine Claims (London:
Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, 1899). For sources of the
early centuries of the Petrine theory, see James T. Shotwell and Louise
Ropes Loomis, The See of Peter (New York: Columbia University Press, 1927). For the false “Donation of Constantine” see Christopher B. Coleman, The Treatise of Lorenzo Valla on the Donation of Constantine (New York, 1914), which gives the full Latin text and translation, and a complete criticism of the document and its thesis.GC 693.2
Page 565. Quotations from Josiah Strong.—In his first edition of Our Country, Josiah Strong, without access to primary sources, incorrectly referenced the statements attributed to Pope Pius IX.GC 694.1
The
correct reference for the first citation is Pope Gregory XVI's
encyclical letter of August 15, 1832. The relevant paragraph is here
quoted in full: Liberty of Conscience “This
shameful font of indifferentism gives rise to that absurd and erroneous
proposition which claims that liberty of conscience must be maintained
for everyone. It spreads ruin in sacred and civil affairs, though some
repeat over and over again with the greatest impudence that some
advantage accrues to religion from it. ‘But the death of the soul is
worse than freedom of error,’ as Augustine was wont to say. When all
restraints are removed by which men are kept on the narrow path of
truth, their nature, which is already inclined to evil, propels them to
ruin. Then truly ‘the bottomless pit’ is opened from which John saw
smoke ascending which obscured the sun, and out of which locusts flew
forth to devastate the earth. Thence comes transformation of minds,
corruption of youths, contempt of sacred things and holy laws—in other
words, a pestilence more deadly to the state than any other. Experience
shows, even from earliest times, that cities renowned for wealth,
dominion, and glory perished as a result of this single evil, namely
immoderate freedom of opinion, license of free speech, and desire for
novelty.”—As printed in Claudia Carlen, IHM, The Papal Encyclicals, 1740-1878 (Ann Arbor, Michigan: The Pierian Press, 1990) 1:238.GC 694.2
The second citation should be credited to Pope Pius IX's Syllabus of Errors, which accompanied his encyclical letter of December 8, 1864. Included among the 80 errors anathematized are: “24.
The church has not the power of using force, nor has she any temporal
power, direct or indirect.—Apostolic Letter ‘Ad Apostolicae,’ August 22,
1851.” “78.
Hence it has been wisely decided by law, in some Catholic countries,
that persons coming to reside therein shall enjoy the public exercise of
their own peculiar worship.—Allocution ‘acerbissimum,’ September 27,
1852. “79.
Moreover, it is false that the civil liberty of every form of worship,
and the full power, given to all, of overtly and publicly manifesting
any opinions whatsoever and thoughts, conduce more easily to corrupt the
morals and minds of the people, and to propagate the pest of
indifferentism.—Allocution ‘Nunquam Fore,’ December 15, 1856.”—As
printed in Anne Fremantle, ed., The Papal Encyclicals in their Historical Context (New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1956), 146, 152.GC 694.3
It
should also be noted that the oath of allegiance to the pope, quoted in
the last paragraph of the citation from Strong, was the bishop's oath,
not one taken by cardinals.GC 694.4
Page 565. Withholding the Bible from the people.—see note for page 340.GC 694.5
Page
578. The Ethiopian Church and the Sabbath.—Until rather recent years
the Coptic Church of Ethiopia observed the seventh-day Sabbath. The
Ethiopians also kept Sunday, the first day of the week, throughout their
history as a Christian people. These days were marked by special
services in the churches. The observance of the seventh-day Sabbath has,
however, virtually ceased in modern Ethiopia. For eyewitness accounts
of religious days in Ethiopia, see Pero Gomes de Teixeira, The Discovery of Abyssinia by the Portuguese in 1520 (translated in English in London: British Museum, 1938), p. 79; Father Francisco Alvarez, Narrative of the Portuguese Embassy to Abyssinia During the Years 1520-1527, in the records of the Hakluyt Society (London, 1881), vol. 64, pp. 22-49; Michael Russell, Nubia and Abyssinia (Quoting
Father Lobo, Catholic Missionary in Ethiopia in 1622) (New York: Harper
& Brothers, 1837), pp. 226-229; S. Giacomo Baratti, Late Travels into the Remote Countries of Abyssinia (London: Benjamin Billingsley, 1670), pp. 134-137; Job Ludolphus, A New History for Ethiopia (London: S. Smith, 1682), pp. 234-357; Samuel Gobat, Journal of Three Years’ Residence in Abyssinia (New York: Ed. of 1850), pp. 55-58, 83-98. For other works touching upon the question, see Peter Heylyn, History of the Sabbath, 2d ed., 1636, vol. 2, pp. 198-200; Arthur P. Stanley, Lectures on the History of the Eastern Church (New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1882), lecture 1, par. 1; C. F. Rey, Romance of the Portuguese in Abyssinia (London: F. H. and G. Witherley, 1929), pp. 59, 253-297.
The misunderstandings about the Issuance of the book of the Great controversy goes on worldwide,
while testimonies are being shared that the 7th Day Adventist Church
Leader Pastor Ted N.C. Wilison had to apologized for issuance of the
millions of the copies of the great controversy not only in Philadelphia
the United State of America(USA) but also worldwide and even online:
" Tony
21 September 2015 at 2:51 pm
I
am a person who did not inherit my religious beliefs. I was guided in a
very real way by the Holy Spirit to the Seventh Day Adventist Church.
No one in my family is an SDA. I started out not even knowing that Jesus
died on a cross. I did not and do not have the intelligence to discern
from the thousands of denominations and religions out there which one is
the true one if there even was one. I did not even believe that there
was a true religion but I was led by the Holy Spirit despite my
shortcomings to the SDA Church. The reason why I am posting this
response to you is because I used to say the exact same things that you
are saying on this post. I am not ashamed to tell you or anyone on this
thread that God DOES have a true church and I am not even .0001% sorry
that “The Great Controversy” was mailed out. I am sorry that we did not
do this sooner. "
The
comments feature has been turned off because a large number of comments
have been made and some commenters have descended to personal
name-calling and a completely disrespectful approach. Evidently many
readers missed the fact that the headline begins with “Proposed” and
there is a tongue-in-check element to this column expressing an opinion.
— The Publisher
by Ervin Taylor, September 13, 2015: Readers of the Adventist Today web
site and anyone living in Philadelphia who listens to or reads local
media in or around that city may be aware of the recent mass mailing of a
book, The Great Controversy,
to 700,000 individuals living in that city or surrounding area. The
mailing was intended to be coincident with a visit to Philadelphia, the
“City of Brotherly Love,” by the current Supreme Pontiff of the Roman
Catholic Church, Pope Francis.
As readers of Adventist Today will know, The Great Controversy is a 19th-century
work based on an extensive editing of materials originally produced by
and under the name of a co-founder of the Seventh-day Adventist
denomination, Ellen Gould Harmon-White (1837-1915). Like a wide cross
section of many other evangelical and later fundamentalist Protestant
authors belonging to a wide range of conservative Protestant churches in
19th- and early 20th-century
America, White was very critical of the theology and history of the
Roman Catholic Church in Europe. Obviously, the heritage she reflected
went back centuries, based on the long-standing, intense hostility that
existed between Protestants and Catholics beginning at the time of the
Reformation and continuing down into the late 19th century in many
countries in Europe before being transplanted across the Atlantic to the
United States.
A
regrettable part of that heritage was the continued affirmation of
conspiracy scenarios concerning alleged attempts of Roman Catholics to
establish some sort of political advantage, usually by some nefarious
means in America. Anti-Catholic hostility was exacerbated during the
19th century because of the competition for employment with native-born
Anglo-Saxon Americans due to the large influx of immigrants from
Catholic countries in Europe, especially Ireland. It even had a
19th-century political expression in America with the formation of the
anti-Catholic, anti-immigrant, anti-Jewish “Know-Nothing” political
movement.
We can be encouraged that the organization which was responsible for the mailing of the Great Controversy volume
was not the official Seventh-day Adventist Church. The organization was
Remnant Publications, based in Michigan. However, the message that this
mailing was clearly intended to communicate is an anti-Catholic message
and the source of that message emanates from a part of the Adventist
tradition. In light of this action on the part of members of the
Seventh-day Adventist Church, it is here proposed that the President of
the General Conference of the Seventh-day Adventist Church send the
following letter or some version of it to the Pope asking for his
understanding and forgiveness.
Here is a draft of the text of such a letter that would be written on the stationery of the General Conference of SDAs:
His Holiness, Pope Francis
Apostolic Palace
00120 Vatican City
Your Holiness:
It
is recently come to my attention that certain misguided members of the
Seventh-day Adventist Church in the United States have distributed a
book, written by the co-founder of this Christian denomination, to many
individuals living in the city of Philadelphia, prior to your upcoming
visit to that city.
That book is entitled The Great Controversy.
That volume was written in the 19th century at a time in the history of
the United Sites when the relationship between Protestant and Catholic
Christians was much less than ideal. Unfortunately, that book reflected
various very regrettable negative aspects of that relationship. A
predecessor of mine has noted that the anti-Catholic views that this
book endorses have been “relegated to the ash heap of history” by
current Adventist leaders and lay persons.
I
currently hold the position of president of the General Conference of
the Seventh-day Adventist Church, and in that capacity I am writing to
you to extend the apologies from a leader of one group of Christians to
another, asking for your understanding and forgiveness for the
unfortunate actions of a small number of members of the Christian faith
tradition which I represent.
At
a time when all Christians of good will should be seeking to come
together to solve the serious problems facing our world, the actions of a
few should not be allowed to confuse and disrupt that cooperation. It
is in the spirit of that concern that this letter is being sent to you.
Please
accept this apology in the name of all members of the Seventh-day
Adventist Church who wish you and the church you represent the blessings
of God.
Really?
Ervin you must had had some sort of lapse in writing this article. As
much as I find the mailing of Great Controversy inappropriate, Brother
Wilson or anyone representing the SDA Church has nothing to apologize
for to Pope Francis.
There is a fundamental distinction to be made
between an apology offered on behalf of an individual and one made on
behalf of an institution. Above all, a good apology must be seen as
genuine, as an honest appeal for forgiveness. Such apologies are usually
best offered in a timely manner, and they consist of the following four
parts: an acknowledgment of the mistake or wrongdoing, the acceptance
of responsibility, an expression of regret, and a promise that the
offense will not be repeated. All of these are missing in your letter
from Brother Wilson to Pope Francis.
To acknowledge a
transgression, seek forgiveness, and make things right is a complex act.
Apologies are prompted by fear, guilt, and love—and by the calculation
of personal or professional gain. They are shaped by culture, context,
and gender. They can be self-serving or generous and high-minded. And
when extended in public, they amount to performances to which different
audiences react in different ways. This is not good advice to Brother
Wilson or anyone who might take it upon themselves to be the collective
conscience of the SDA church.
It’s late Ervin here in Southern California. Go to sleep and get some rest. Wake up tomorrow and write some good stuff!
Therefore, the state and the church unification brings confusion on the Bible's Prophecy Revelation 13, where the so called the beast as mentioned in the Great controversy (The Great Controversy written by the co-founder of 7th Day Adventist Church)
seemed to be of that a catholic Church Leader who will be forcing the
world to obey the Sunday Law with a support of the United State of
America(USA) while disobeying the Holy Sabbath of the Almighty God found
in the book of Isaiah 58:13-14.
However,discussions keep going on worldwide:
The New Friendly Face of the Papacy
Do we have to change our interpretation of Revelation 13?
Many
Adventists are rubbing their eyes in amazement these days: they are
seeing a pope who does not fit their image of the antichrist. Pope
Francis appears extremely likable. He seems humble and modest, rejects
pomp and pageantry, uses a small car instead of a luxury sedan,
distributes money to poor individuals at night, and questions the power
of the Catholic Church, and even of his own office. This “Francis
effect” (so the German newspaper Augsburger Allgemeine) is not only felt in the Vatican, but now throughout the entire Catholic Church. Has “the beast” been converted?
In
fact, this apparent change started about 50 years ago, but now under
Pope Francis it is reaching a new peak. The change was initiated by the
Second Vatican Council (1962–1965). Since then, the Papacy portrays
itself in much more gentle terms than Ellen White described it in TheGreat Controversy.
While Pope Gregory XVI in the nineteenth century was still describing
freedom of conscience as “madness” and “pestiferous error,” Pope John
XXIII declared religious freedom in 1963 as a basic human right. The
expert on Catholicism, Hans Heinz, says in his latest book: “Among his
successors, particularly John Paul II (1978–2005) did not miss any
opportunity to present himself as the champion of freedom of conscience
and religion.”1
Champion of Conscience?
The
pope as supporter of freedom of conscience and religion—in addition to
being modest and humble? Is it not obvious that our interpretation of
Revelation 13 does not fit anymore? some may ask themselves. Is our
negative image of the Papacy not influenced by the history of the Middle
Ages? Does this image not belong to nineteenth-century anti-Catholic
America? Was this view not only there and only at that time “present
truth”? Ellen White and the early Adventists could scarcely know how
much the Second Vatican Council would change Catholicism.
If
we actually want to revise our interpretation on this point, we would
have to dump our complete understanding of end-time events. Is ecumenism
under Catholic leadership then maybe not such a bad idea? And what
about the alleged divine inspiration of Ellen White? Some Adventists
have already drawn appropriate conclusions. Are they correct?
Prophecy or Futurology?
To
answer these questions, we must first realize that prophecy is not
futurology. The latter extrapolates trend lines of the past into the
future. On this basis, it paints a picture of what presumably will
happen. If we know, for example, that the world population has grown in
the past five years by a half billion people, we can assume that in 2019
about 7.6 billion people will inhabit our globe—considering certain
factors.
Prophecy,
by its very nature, however, is entirely different. God does not
speculate about the future. He knows it. Because He exists outside of
time and space, for Him past, present, and future happen at the same
time. He does not calculate or surmise what will happen—He knows it. And
that includes surprises that no futurologist would ever have on his or
her radar. We can learn this from history.
Which
futurologist, for example, foresaw the collapse of the Soviet Union and
the terrorist attack of September 11? Not one. However, both events had
consequences that changed our world. The disappearance of the Soviet
Union left only one global superpower, namely, the United States of
America, as suggested in the Adventist interpretation of Revelation 13.
The
terrorist attack of September 11 and the ensuing war against terrorism
have strengthened the role of secret services worldwide. It also
resulted in other countries willingly ascribing to American intelligence
agencies a leadership role in this battle. This terrorist attack was
also responsible for providing the rationale for the data collection
mania of the National Security Agency—at least within the United States.
Through September 11 we have taken a significant step closer to a
worldwide control of all people, just as Revelation 13 implies.
What
will happen next on the road to the fulfillment of prophecy? We do not
know. No futurologist knows. But God does. And so far He has always been
right.
Does It Fit?
Does
this new and so very likable face of the Papacy not fit exactly the
prophetic prediction? “And his deadly wound was healed. And all the
world marveled and followed the beast” (Rev. 13:3).2 This is talking not only about a strengthening of the political power
of the Papacy, but also about an increase in admiration and respect.
Pope Francis achieves just that at the moment. “All who dwell on the
earth will worship him” (verse 8).
The
text speaks of an adoration of worldwide proportions. In the
enlightened and liberal mind-set of our world, people would not tolerate
papal orders and prohibitions. But a model of humility, modesty, and
charity is more acceptable. That is what we are experiencing at the
moment. According to CNN, Pope Francis is the most discussed person on
the Internet around the world. Even with atheists, says the TV channel,
he now enjoys an increasing popularity. Not least because of that, Time magazine named him the Person of the Year of 2013.
One
should not dispute his sincerity. Prophecy speaks about the Papacy and
not about a specific pope. We know that there is a great strategist
behind the Papacy. On the one hand, we do not know how long Francis will
be pope. Maybe his job is simply to help the Papacy to new popularity,
in the sense of a “Pontifex,” a bridge-builder for his successor.
On
the other hand, we must distinguish between what is before our eyes and
what we cannot see. The futurologist—just as everyone else who does not
believe in divine foreknowledge—opts for what is before our eyes. What
else is there to do? But as believers we have a choice: Do we believe
that the Papacy has changed and that our interpretation of divine
prophecy was mistaken? Or do we trust that God in the end will be right
and that He, corroborated by His messenger Ellen White, has provided us
with a reliable look behind the scenes and into the future?
Without
referring directly to any individual, Ellen G. White wrote about
powerful deceivers: “Vowed to perpetual poverty and humility, it was
their studied aim to secure wealth and power, to be devoted to the
overthrow of Protestantism, and the re-establishment of the papal
supremacy. When appearing as members of their order, they wore a garb of
sanctity, visiting prisons and hospitals, ministering to the sick and
the poor, professing to have renounced the world, and bearing the sacred
name of Jesus, who went about doing good. But under this blameless
exterior the most criminal and deadly purposes were often concealed. It
was a fundamental principle of the order that the end justifies the
means. By this code, lying, theft, perjury, assassination, were not only
pardonable but commendable, when they served the interests of the
church. . . . Wherever they went, there followed a revival of popery.”3
For
a world that under the influence of relativism has turned away from
biblical truth and a saving faith, social behavior and gestures of
humility mean everything. And Pope Francis has mastered these topics.
However, we should not forget that the Catholic Church continues to
stand for blatant heresies. These include the change of the Ten
Commandments, the godlike devotion to Mary, the doctrine of the
immortality of the soul, purgatory, eternal torture in hell, as well as
blocking direct access to Christ through priestly intercession and the
rite of confession. Babylon is in fact still fallen.
When
the Argentinian Jorge Mario Bergoglio, S.J., was elected as pope, one
of his first official acts was to pray to Mary. No, the pope has not
been converted. And all the indications are that the Adventist
interpretation of Revelation 13 still holds true. The new pope—amid all
legitimate sympathy for him—has made it even a bit more credible.
Hans Heinz, Glaube, Macht, und Hybris: Die Katholische Kirche in Geschichte und Prophetie (Mundelsheim, Germany: Basista Media, 2013), p. 28.
Conclusion:
Therefore,
the end of the year 2019 and the beginning of the year 2020 bring an
attention for whoever thinks to be a wise man or woman that, this is the
Time for Wise People to Raise Up, as nobody will die for anyone to save
that one's life during the day Almighty God the creator of this earth
and the Sun ({ 1 In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth.
2 Now the earth was formless and empty, darkness was over the surface
of the deep, and the Spirit of God was hovering over the waters.26 Then
God said, “Let us make mankind in our image, in our likeness, so that
they may rule over the fish in the sea and the birds in the sky, over
the livestock and all the wild animals,[a] and over all the creatures
that move along the ground.”
27 So God created mankind in his own image,
in the image of God he created them;
male and female he created them.
28
God blessed them and said to them, “Be fruitful and increase in number;
fill the earth and subdue it. Rule over the fish in the sea and the
birds in the sky and over every living creature that moves on the
ground.”
29 Then God said, “I give you every seed-bearing plant on
the face of the whole earth and every tree that has fruit with seed in
it. They will be yours for food. 30 And to all the beasts of the earth
and all the birds in the sky and all the creatures that move along the
ground—everything that has the breath of life in it—I give every green
plant for food.” And it was so.
31 God saw all that he had made, and it was very good. And there was evening, and there was morning—the sixth day. }
,
in addition Almighty God made the Sabbath to help Created Man and Woman
and their descendants to Rest on it and remember that every thing was
created by God{1Thus the heavens and the earth were completed in all
their vast array.
2 By the seventh day God had finished the work
he had been doing; so on the seventh day he rested from all his work. 3
Then God blessed the seventh day and made it holy, because on it he
rested from all the work of creating that he had done. },
)
will destroy this Earth as said by the God's 3rd Angle( { “If anyone
worships the beast and its image and receives its mark on their forehead
or on their hand, 10 they, too, will drink the wine of God’s fury,
which has been poured full strength into the cup of his wrath. They will
be tormented with burning sulfur in the presence of the holy angels and
of the Lamb. 11 And the smoke of their torment will rise for ever and
ever. There will be no rest day or night for those who worship the beast
and its image, or for anyone who receives the mark of its name.” },{The
Three Angels
6 Then I saw another angel flying in midair, and he
had the eternal gospel to proclaim to those who live on the earth—to
every nation, tribe, language and people. 7 He said in a loud voice,
“Fear God and give him glory, because the hour of his judgment has come.
Worship him who made the heavens, the earth, the sea and the springs of
water.”
8 A second angel followed and said, “‘Fallen! Fallen is
Babylon the Great,’[a] which made all the nations drink the maddening
wine of her adulteries.”
9 A third angel followed them and said in
a loud voice: “If anyone worships the beast and its image and receives
its mark on their forehead or on their hand, 10 they, too, will drink
the wine of God’s fury, which has been poured full strength into the cup
of his wrath. They will be tormented with burning sulfur in the
presence of the holy angels and of the Lamb. 11 And the smoke of their
torment will rise for ever and ever. There will be no rest day or night
for those who worship the beast and its image, or for anyone who
receives the mark of its name.” 12 This calls for patient endurance on
the part of the people of God who keep his commands and remain faithful
to Jesus.
13 Then I heard a voice from heaven say, “Write this: Blessed are the dead who die in the Lord from now on.”
“Yes,” says the Spirit, “they will rest from their labor, for their deeds will follow them.”}
)
due to disobeying the 4th Commandment{8 “Remember the Sabbath day by
keeping it holy. 9 Six days you shall labor and do all your work, 10 but
the seventh day is a sabbath to the Lord your God. On it you shall not
do any work, neither you, nor your son or daughter, nor your male or
female servant, nor your animals, nor any foreigner residing in your
towns. 11 For in six days the Lord made the heavens and the earth, the
sea, and all that is in them, but he rested on the seventh day.
Therefore the Lord blessed the Sabbath day and made it holy. } (Also
said that whoever disobeys one commandment of the 10 all will be
disobeyed{ The Ten Commandments
1And God spoke all these words:
2 “I am the Lord your God, who brought you out of Egypt, out of the land of slavery.
3 “You shall have no other gods before[a] me.
4
“You shall not make for yourself an image in the form of anything in
heaven above or on the earth beneath or in the waters below. 5 You shall
not bow down to them or worship them; for I, the Lord your God, am a
jealous God, punishing the children for the sin of the parents to the
third and fourth generation of those who hate me, 6 but showing love to a
thousand generations of those who love me and keep my commandments.
7 “You shall not misuse the name of the Lord your God, for the Lord will not hold anyone guiltless who misuses his name.
8
“Remember the Sabbath day by keeping it holy. 9 Six days you shall
labor and do all your work, 10 but the seventh day is a sabbath to the
Lord your God. On it you shall not do any work, neither you, nor your
son or daughter, nor your male or female servant, nor your animals, nor
any foreigner residing in your towns. 11 For in six days the Lord made
the heavens and the earth, the sea, and all that is in them, but he
rested on the seventh day. Therefore the Lord blessed the Sabbath day
and made it holy.
12 “Honor your father and your mother, so that you may live long in the land the Lord your God is giving you.
13 “You shall not murder.
14 “You shall not commit adultery.
15 “You shall not steal.
16 “You shall not give false testimony against your neighbor.
17
“You shall not covet your neighbor’s house. You shall not covet your
neighbor’s wife, or his male or female servant, his ox or donkey, or
anything that belongs to your neighbor.” }
)The Woman and the Dragon
1A
great sign appeared in heaven: a woman clothed with the sun, with the
moon under her feet and a crown of twelve stars on her head. 2 She was
pregnant and cried out in pain as she was about to give birth. 3 Then
another sign appeared in heaven: an enormous red dragon with seven heads
and ten horns and seven crowns on its heads. 4 Its tail swept a third
of the stars out of the sky and flung them to the earth. The dragon
stood in front of the woman who was about to give birth, so that it
might devour her child the moment he was born. 5 She gave birth to a
son, a male child, who “will rule all the nations with an iron
scepter.”[a] And her child was snatched up to God and to his throne. 6
The woman fled into the wilderness to a place prepared for her by God,
where she might be taken care of for 1,260 days.
7 Then war broke
out in heaven. Michael and his angels fought against the dragon, and the
dragon and his angels fought back. 8 But he was not strong enough, and
they lost their place in heaven. 9 The great dragon was hurled down—that
ancient serpent called the devil, or Satan, who leads the whole world
astray. He was hurled to the earth, and his angels with him.
10 Then I heard a loud voice in heaven say:
“Now have come the salvation and the power
and the kingdom of our God,
and the authority of his Messiah.
For the accuser of our brothers and sisters,
who accuses them before our God day and night,
has been hurled down.
11 They triumphed over him
by the blood of the Lamb
and by the word of their testimony;
they did not love their lives so much
as to shrink from death.
12 Therefore rejoice, you heavens
and you who dwell in them!
But woe to the earth and the sea,
because the devil has gone down to you!
He is filled with fury,
because he knows that his time is short.”
13
When the dragon saw that he had been hurled to the earth, he pursued
the woman who had given birth to the male child. 14 The woman was given
the two wings of a great eagle, so that she might fly to the place
prepared for her in the wilderness, where she would be taken care of for
a time, times and half a time, out of the serpent’s reach. 15 Then from
his mouth the serpent spewed water like a river, to overtake the woman
and sweep her away with the torrent. 16 But the earth helped the woman
by opening its mouth and swallowing the river that the dragon had spewed
out of his mouth. 17 Then the dragon was enraged at the woman and went
off to wage war against the rest of her offspring—those who keep God’s
commands and hold fast their testimony about Jesus.
Footnotes
Revelation 12:5 Psalm 2:9,
. Daniel’s Dream of Four Beasts
{1In
the first year of Belshazzar king of Babylon, Daniel had a dream, and
visions passed through his mind as he was lying in bed. He wrote down
the substance of his dream.
2 Daniel said: “In my vision at night I
looked, and there before me were the four winds of heaven churning up
the great sea. 3 Four great beasts, each different from the others, came
up out of the sea.
4 “The first was like a lion, and it had the
wings of an eagle. I watched until its wings were torn off and it was
lifted from the ground so that it stood on two feet like a human being,
and the mind of a human was given to it.
5 “And there before me
was a second beast, which looked like a bear. It was raised up on one of
its sides, and it had three ribs in its mouth between its teeth. It was
told, ‘Get up and eat your fill of flesh!’
6 “After that, I
looked, and there before me was another beast, one that looked like a
leopard. And on its back it had four wings like those of a bird. This
beast had four heads, and it was given authority to rule.
7 “After
that, in my vision at night I looked, and there before me was a fourth
beast—terrifying and frightening and very powerful. It had large iron
teeth; it crushed and devoured its victims and trampled underfoot
whatever was left. It was different from all the former beasts, and it
had ten horns.
8 “While I was thinking about the horns, there
before me was another horn, a little one, which came up among them; and
three of the first horns were uprooted before it. This horn had eyes
like the eyes of a human being and a mouth that spoke boastfully.
9 “As I looked,
“thrones were set in place,
and the Ancient of Days took his seat.
His clothing was as white as snow;
the hair of his head was white like wool.
His throne was flaming with fire,
and its wheels were all ablaze.
10 A river of fire was flowing,
coming out from before him.
Thousands upon thousands attended him;
ten thousand times ten thousand stood before him.
The court was seated,
and the books were opened.
11
“Then I continued to watch because of the boastful words the horn was
speaking. I kept looking until the beast was slain and its body
destroyed and thrown into the blazing fire. 12 (The other beasts had
been stripped of their authority, but were allowed to live for a period
of time.)
13 “In my vision at night I looked, and there before me
was one like a son of man,[a] coming with the clouds of heaven. He
approached the Ancient of Days and was led into his presence. 14 He was
given authority, glory and sovereign power; all nations and peoples of
every language worshiped him. His dominion is an everlasting dominion
that will not pass away, and his kingdom is one that will never be
destroyed.
The Interpretation of the Dream
15 “I, Daniel,
was troubled in spirit, and the visions that passed through my mind
disturbed me. 16 I approached one of those standing there and asked him
the meaning of all this.
“So he told me and gave me the
interpretation of these things: 17 ‘The four great beasts are four kings
that will rise from the earth. 18 But the holy people of the Most High
will receive the kingdom and will possess it forever—yes, for ever and
ever.’
19 “Then I wanted to know the meaning of the fourth beast,
which was different from all the others and most terrifying, with its
iron teeth and bronze claws—the beast that crushed and devoured its
victims and trampled underfoot whatever was left. 20 I also wanted to
know about the ten horns on its head and about the other horn that came
up, before which three of them fell—the horn that looked more imposing
than the others and that had eyes and a mouth that spoke boastfully. 21
As I watched, this horn was waging war against the holy people and
defeating them, 22 until the Ancient of Days came and pronounced
judgment in favor of the holy people of the Most High, and the time came
when they possessed the kingdom.
23 “He gave me this explanation:
‘The fourth beast is a fourth kingdom that will appear on earth. It
will be different from all the other kingdoms and will devour the whole
earth, trampling it down and crushing it. 24 The ten horns are ten kings
who will come from this kingdom. After them another king will arise,
different from the earlier ones; he will subdue three kings. 25 He will
speak against the Most High and oppress his holy people and try to
change the set times and the laws. The holy people will be delivered
into his hands for a time, times and half a time.[b]
26 “‘But the
court will sit, and his power will be taken away and completely
destroyed forever. 27 Then the sovereignty, power and greatness of all
the kingdoms under heaven will be handed over to the holy people of the
Most High. His kingdom will be an everlasting kingdom, and all rulers
will worship and obey him.’
28 “This is the end of the matter. I,
Daniel, was deeply troubled by my thoughts, and my face turned pale, but
I kept the matter to myself.”} Daniel 7:1-28
Daniel’s Vision of a Ram and a Goat
{1In
the third year of King Belshazzar’s reign, I, Daniel, had a vision,
after the one that had already appeared to me. 2 In my vision I saw
myself in the citadel of Susa in the province of Elam; in the vision I
was beside the Ulai Canal. 3 I looked up, and there before me was a ram
with two horns, standing beside the canal, and the horns were long. One
of the horns was longer than the other but grew up later. 4 I watched
the ram as it charged toward the west and the north and the south. No
animal could stand against it, and none could rescue from its power. It
did as it pleased and became great.
5 As I was thinking about
this, suddenly a goat with a prominent horn between its eyes came from
the west, crossing the whole earth without touching the ground. 6 It
came toward the two-horned ram I had seen standing beside the canal and
charged at it in great rage. 7 I saw it attack the ram furiously,
striking the ram and shattering its two horns. The ram was powerless to
stand against it; the goat knocked it to the ground and trampled on it,
and none could rescue the ram from its power. 8 The goat became very
great, but at the height of its power the large horn was broken off, and
in its place four prominent horns grew up toward the four winds of
heaven.
9 Out of one of them came another horn, which started
small but grew in power to the south and to the east and toward the
Beautiful Land. 10 It grew until it reached the host of the heavens, and
it threw some of the starry host down to the earth and trampled on
them. 11 It set itself up to be as great as the commander of the army of
the Lord; it took away the daily sacrifice from the Lord, and his
sanctuary was thrown down. 12 Because of rebellion, the Lord’s people[a]
and the daily sacrifice were given over to it. It prospered in
everything it did, and truth was thrown to the ground.
13 Then I
heard a holy one speaking, and another holy one said to him, “How long
will it take for the vision to be fulfilled—the vision concerning the
daily sacrifice, the rebellion that causes desolation, the surrender of
the sanctuary and the trampling underfoot of the Lord’s people?”
14 He said to me, “It will take 2,300 evenings and mornings; then the sanctuary will be reconsecrated.”
The Interpretation of the Vision
15
While I, Daniel, was watching the vision and trying to understand it,
there before me stood one who looked like a man. 16 And I heard a man’s
voice from the Ulai calling, “Gabriel, tell this man the meaning of the
vision.”
17 As he came near the place where I was standing, I was
terrified and fell prostrate. “Son of man,”[b] he said to me,
“understand that the vision concerns the time of the end.”
18 While he was speaking to me, I was in a deep sleep, with my face to the ground. Then he touched me and raised me to my feet.
19
He said: “I am going to tell you what will happen later in the time of
wrath, because the vision concerns the appointed time of the end.[c] 20
The two-horned ram that you saw represents the kings of Media and
Persia. 21 The shaggy goat is the king of Greece, and the large horn
between its eyes is the first king. 22 The four horns that replaced the
one that was broken off represent four kingdoms that will emerge from
his nation but will not have the same power.
23 “In the latter
part of their reign, when rebels have become completely wicked, a
fierce-looking king, a master of intrigue, will arise. 24 He will become
very strong, but not by his own power. He will cause astounding
devastation and will succeed in whatever he does. He will destroy those
who are mighty, the holy people. 25 He will cause deceit to prosper, and
he will consider himself superior. When they feel secure, he will
destroy many and take his stand against the Prince of princes. Yet he
will be destroyed, but not by human power.
26 “The vision of the
evenings and mornings that has been given you is true, but seal up the
vision, for it concerns the distant future.”
27 I, Daniel, was
worn out. I lay exhausted for several days. Then I got up and went about
the king’s business. I was appalled by the vision; it was beyond
understanding.} Daniel 8:1-27 The End Times
{1“At
that time Michael, the great prince who protects your people, will
arise. There will be a time of distress such as has not happened from
the beginning of nations until then. But at that time your
people—everyone whose name is found written in the book—will be
delivered. 2 Multitudes who sleep in the dust of the earth will awake:
some to everlasting life, others to shame and everlasting contempt. 3
Those who are wise[a] will shine like the brightness of the heavens, and
those who lead many to righteousness, like the stars for ever and ever.
4 But you, Daniel, roll up and seal the words of the scroll until the
time of the end. Many will go here and there to increase knowledge.”
5
Then I, Daniel, looked, and there before me stood two others, one on
this bank of the river and one on the opposite bank. 6 One of them said
to the man clothed in linen, who was above the waters of the river, “How
long will it be before these astonishing things are fulfilled?”
7
The man clothed in linen, who was above the waters of the river, lifted
his right hand and his left hand toward heaven, and I heard him swear
by him who lives forever, saying, “It will be for a time, times and half
a time.[b] When the power of the holy people has been finally broken,
all these things will be completed.”
8 I heard, but I did not understand. So I asked, “My lord, what will the outcome of all this be?”
9
He replied, “Go your way, Daniel, because the words are rolled up and
sealed until the time of the end. 10 Many will be purified, made
spotless and refined, but the wicked will continue to be wicked. None of
the wicked will understand, but those who are wise will understand.
11
“From the time that the daily sacrifice is abolished and the
abomination that causes desolation is set up, there will be 1,290 days.
12 Blessed is the one who waits for and reaches the end of the 1,335
days.
13 “As for you, go your way till the end. You will rest, and
then at the end of the days you will rise to receive your allotted
inheritance.”} Daniel 12:1-13. The Two Witnesses
{1I
was given a reed like a measuring rod and was told, “Go and measure the
temple of God and the altar, with its worshipers. 2 But exclude the
outer court; do not measure it, because it has been given to the
Gentiles. They will trample on the holy city for 42 months. 3 And I will
appoint my two witnesses, and they will prophesy for 1,260 days,
clothed in sackcloth.” 4 They are “the two olive trees” and the two
lampstands, and “they stand before the Lord of the earth.”[a] 5 If
anyone tries to harm them, fire comes from their mouths and devours
their enemies. This is how anyone who wants to harm them must die. 6
They have power to shut up the heavens so that it will not rain during
the time they are prophesying; and they have power to turn the waters
into blood and to strike the earth with every kind of plague as often as
they want.
7 Now when they have finished their testimony, the
beast that comes up from the Abyss will attack them, and overpower and
kill them. 8 Their bodies will lie in the public square of the great
city—which is figuratively called Sodom and Egypt—where also their Lord
was crucified. 9 For three and a half days some from every people,
tribe, language and nation will gaze on their bodies and refuse them
burial. 10 The inhabitants of the earth will gloat over them and will
celebrate by sending each other gifts, because these two prophets had
tormented those who live on the earth.
11 But after the three and a
half days the breath[b] of life from God entered them, and they stood
on their feet, and terror struck those who saw them. 12 Then they heard a
loud voice from heaven saying to them, “Come up here.” And they went up
to heaven in a cloud, while their enemies looked on.
13 At that
very hour there was a severe earthquake and a tenth of the city
collapsed. Seven thousand people were killed in the earthquake, and the
survivors were terrified and gave glory to the God of heaven.
14 The second woe has passed; the third woe is coming soon.
The Seventh Trumpet
15 The seventh angel sounded his trumpet, and there were loud voices in heaven, which said:
“The kingdom of the world has become
the kingdom of our Lord and of his Messiah,
and he will reign for ever and ever.”
16 And the twenty-four elders, who were seated on their thrones before God, fell on their faces and worshiped God, 17 saying:
“We give thanks to you, Lord God Almighty,
the One who is and who was,
because you have taken your great power
and have begun to reign.
18 The nations were angry,
and your wrath has come.
The time has come for judging the dead,
and for rewarding your servants the prophets
and your people who revere your name,
both great and small—
and for destroying those who destroy the earth.”
19
Then God’s temple in heaven was opened, and within his temple was seen
the ark of his covenant. And there came flashes of lightning, rumblings,
peals of thunder, an earthquake and a severe hailstorm.}Revelation 11:1-19. The Woman and the Dragon
{1A
great sign appeared in heaven: a woman clothed with the sun, with the
moon under her feet and a crown of twelve stars on her head. 2 She was
pregnant and cried out in pain as she was about to give birth. 3 Then
another sign appeared in heaven: an enormous red dragon with seven heads
and ten horns and seven crowns on its heads. 4 Its tail swept a third
of the stars out of the sky and flung them to the earth. The dragon
stood in front of the woman who was about to give birth, so that it
might devour her child the moment he was born. 5 She gave birth to a
son, a male child, who “will rule all the nations with an iron
scepter.”[a] And her child was snatched up to God and to his throne. 6
The woman fled into the wilderness to a place prepared for her by God,
where she might be taken care of for 1,260 days.
7 Then war broke
out in heaven. Michael and his angels fought against the dragon, and the
dragon and his angels fought back. 8 But he was not strong enough, and
they lost their place in heaven. 9 The great dragon was hurled down—that
ancient serpent called the devil, or Satan, who leads the whole world
astray. He was hurled to the earth, and his angels with him.
10 Then I heard a loud voice in heaven say:
“Now have come the salvation and the power
and the kingdom of our God,
and the authority of his Messiah.
For the accuser of our brothers and sisters,
who accuses them before our God day and night,
has been hurled down.
11 They triumphed over him
by the blood of the Lamb
and by the word of their testimony;
they did not love their lives so much
as to shrink from death.
12 Therefore rejoice, you heavens
and you who dwell in them!
But woe to the earth and the sea,
because the devil has gone down to you!
He is filled with fury,
because he knows that his time is short.”
13
When the dragon saw that he had been hurled to the earth, he pursued
the woman who had given birth to the male child. 14 The woman was given
the two wings of a great eagle, so that she might fly to the place
prepared for her in the wilderness, where she would be taken care of for
a time, times and half a time, out of the serpent’s reach. 15 Then from
his mouth the serpent spewed water like a river, to overtake the woman
and sweep her away with the torrent. 16 But the earth helped the woman
by opening its mouth and swallowing the river that the dragon had spewed
out of his mouth. 17 Then the dragon was enraged at the woman and went
off to wage war against the rest of her offspring—those who keep God’s
commands and hold fast their testimony about Jesus.
Footnotes
Revelation 12:5 Psalm 2:9.}Revelation 12:1-17. The Beast out of the Sea
{1The
dragon[a] stood on the shore of the sea. And I saw a beast coming out
of the sea. It had ten horns and seven heads, with ten crowns on its
horns, and on each head a blasphemous name. 2 The beast I saw resembled a
leopard, but had feet like those of a bear and a mouth like that of a
lion. The dragon gave the beast his power and his throne and great
authority. 3 One of the heads of the beast seemed to have had a fatal
wound, but the fatal wound had been healed. The whole world was filled
with wonder and followed the beast. 4 People worshiped the dragon
because he had given authority to the beast, and they also worshiped the
beast and asked, “Who is like the beast? Who can wage war against it?”
5
The beast was given a mouth to utter proud words and blasphemies and to
exercise its authority for forty-two months. 6 It opened its mouth to
blaspheme God, and to slander his name and his dwelling place and those
who live in heaven. 7 It was given power to wage war against God’s holy
people and to conquer them. And it was given authority over every tribe,
people, language and nation. 8 All inhabitants of the earth will
worship the beast—all whose names have not been written in the Lamb’s
book of life, the Lamb who was slain from the creation of the world.[b]
9 Whoever has ears, let them hear.
10 “If anyone is to go into captivity,
into captivity they will go.
If anyone is to be killed[c] with the sword,
with the sword they will be killed.”[d]
This calls for patient endurance and faithfulness on the part of God’s people.
The Beast out of the Earth
11
Then I saw a second beast, coming out of the earth. It had two horns
like a lamb, but it spoke like a dragon. 12 It exercised all the
authority of the first beast on its behalf, and made the earth and its
inhabitants worship the first beast, whose fatal wound had been healed.
13 And it performed great signs, even causing fire to come down from
heaven to the earth in full view of the people. 14 Because of the signs
it was given power to perform on behalf of the first beast, it deceived
the inhabitants of the earth. It ordered them to set up an image in
honor of the beast who was wounded by the sword and yet lived. 15 The
second beast was given power to give breath to the image of the first
beast, so that the image could speak and cause all who refused to
worship the image to be killed. 16 It also forced all people, great and
small, rich and poor, free and slave, to receive a mark on their right
hands or on their foreheads, 17 so that they could not buy or sell
unless they had the mark, which is the name of the beast or the number
of its name.
18 This calls for wisdom. Let the person who has
insight calculate the number of the beast, for it is the number of a
man.[e] That number is 666.}Revelation 13:1-18. The Lamb and the 144,000
{1Then
I looked, and there before me was the Lamb, standing on Mount Zion, and
with him 144,000 who had his name and his Father’s name written on
their foreheads. 2 And I heard a sound from heaven like the roar of
rushing waters and like a loud peal of thunder. The sound I heard was
like that of harpists playing their harps. 3 And they sang a new song
before the throne and before the four living creatures and the elders.
No one could learn the song except the 144,000 who had been redeemed
from the earth. 4 These are those who did not defile themselves with
women, for they remained virgins. They follow the Lamb wherever he goes.
They were purchased from among mankind and offered as firstfruits to
God and the Lamb. 5 No lie was found in their mouths; they are
blameless. The Three Angels
6 Then I saw another
angel flying in midair, and he had the eternal gospel to proclaim to
those who live on the earth—to every nation, tribe, language and people.
7 He said in a loud voice, “Fear God and give him glory, because the
hour of his judgment has come. Worship him who made the heavens, the
earth, the sea and the springs of water.”
8 A second angel
followed and said, “‘Fallen! Fallen is Babylon the Great,’[a] which made
all the nations drink the maddening wine of her adulteries.”
9 A
third angel followed them and said in a loud voice: “If anyone worships
the beast and its image and receives its mark on their forehead or on
their hand, 10 they, too, will drink the wine of God’s fury, which has
been poured full strength into the cup of his wrath. They will be
tormented with burning sulfur in the presence of the holy angels and of
the Lamb. 11 And the smoke of their torment will rise for ever and ever.
There will be no rest day or night for those who worship the beast and
its image, or for anyone who receives the mark of its name.” 12 This
calls for patient endurance on the part of the people of God who keep
his commands and remain faithful to Jesus.
13 Then I heard a voice from heaven say, “Write this: Blessed are the dead who die in the Lord from now on.”
“Yes,” says the Spirit, “they will rest from their labor, for their deeds will follow them.”
Harvesting the Earth and Trampling the Winepress
14
I looked, and there before me was a white cloud, and seated on the
cloud was one like a son of man[b] with a crown of gold on his head and a
sharp sickle in his hand. 15 Then another angel came out of the temple
and called in a loud voice to him who was sitting on the cloud, “Take
your sickle and reap, because the time to reap has come, for the harvest
of the earth is ripe.” 16 So he who was seated on the cloud swung his
sickle over the earth, and the earth was harvested.
17 Another
angel came out of the temple in heaven, and he too had a sharp sickle.
18 Still another angel, who had charge of the fire, came from the altar
and called in a loud voice to him who had the sharp sickle, “Take your
sharp sickle and gather the clusters of grapes from the earth’s vine,
because its grapes are ripe.” 19 The angel swung his sickle on the
earth, gathered its grapes and threw them into the great winepress of
God’s wrath. 20 They were trampled in the winepress outside the city,
and blood flowed out of the press, rising as high as the horses’ bridles
for a distance of 1,600 stadia.[c]
Footnotes
Revelation 14:8 Isaiah 21:9
Revelation 14:14 See Daniel 7:13.
Revelation 14:20 That is, about 180 miles or about 300 kilometers.} Revelation 14:1-20. Seven Angels With Seven Plagues
{1I
saw in heaven another great and marvelous sign: seven angels with the
seven last plagues—last, because with them God’s wrath is completed. 2
And I saw what looked like a sea of glass glowing with fire and,
standing beside the sea, those who had been victorious over the beast
and its image and over the number of its name. They held harps given
them by God 3 and sang the song of God’s servant Moses and of the Lamb:
“Great and marvelous are your deeds,
Lord God Almighty.
Just and true are your ways,
King of the nations.[a]
4 Who will not fear you, Lord,
and bring glory to your name?
For you alone are holy.
All nations will come
and worship before you,
for your righteous acts have been revealed.”[b]
5
After this I looked, and I saw in heaven the temple—that is, the
tabernacle of the covenant law—and it was opened. 6 Out of the temple
came the seven angels with the seven plagues. They were dressed in
clean, shining linen and wore golden sashes around their chests. 7 Then
one of the four living creatures gave to the seven angels seven golden
bowls filled with the wrath of God, who lives for ever and ever. 8 And
the temple was filled with smoke from the glory of God and from his
power, and no one could enter the temple until the seven plagues of the
seven angels were completed.
Footnotes
Revelation 15:3 Some manuscripts ages
Revelation 15:4 Phrases in this song are drawn from Psalm 111:2,3; Deut. 32:4; Jer. 10:7; Psalms 86:9; 98:2.}Revelation 15:1-8. The Seven Bowls of God’s Wrath
{1Then
I heard a loud voice from the temple saying to the seven angels, “Go,
pour out the seven bowls of God’s wrath on the earth.”
2 The first
angel went and poured out his bowl on the land, and ugly, festering
sores broke out on the people who had the mark of the beast and
worshiped its image.
3 The second angel poured out his bowl on the
sea, and it turned into blood like that of a dead person, and every
living thing in the sea died.
4 The third angel poured out his
bowl on the rivers and springs of water, and they became blood. 5 Then I
heard the angel in charge of the waters say:
“You are just in these judgments, O Holy One,
you who are and who were;
6 for they have shed the blood of your holy people and your prophets,
and you have given them blood to drink as they deserve.”
7 And I heard the altar respond:
“Yes, Lord God Almighty,
true and just are your judgments.”
8
The fourth angel poured out his bowl on the sun, and the sun was
allowed to scorch people with fire. 9 They were seared by the intense
heat and they cursed the name of God, who had control over these
plagues, but they refused to repent and glorify him.
10 The fifth
angel poured out his bowl on the throne of the beast, and its kingdom
was plunged into darkness. People gnawed their tongues in agony 11 and
cursed the God of heaven because of their pains and their sores, but
they refused to repent of what they had done.
12 The sixth angel
poured out his bowl on the great river Euphrates, and its water was
dried up to prepare the way for the kings from the East. 13 Then I saw
three impure spirits that looked like frogs; they came out of the mouth
of the dragon, out of the mouth of the beast and out of the mouth of the
false prophet. 14 They are demonic spirits that perform signs, and they
go out to the kings of the whole world, to gather them for the battle
on the great day of God Almighty.
15 “Look, I come like a thief!
Blessed is the one who stays awake and remains clothed, so as not to go
naked and be shamefully exposed.”
16 Then they gathered the kings together to the place that in Hebrew is called Armageddon.
17
The seventh angel poured out his bowl into the air, and out of the
temple came a loud voice from the throne, saying, “It is done!” 18 Then
there came flashes of lightning, rumblings, peals of thunder and a
severe earthquake. No earthquake like it has ever occurred since mankind
has been on earth, so tremendous was the quake. 19 The great city split
into three parts, and the cities of the nations collapsed. God
remembered Babylon the Great and gave her the cup filled with the wine
of the fury of his wrath. 20 Every island fled away and the mountains
could not be found. 21 From the sky huge hailstones, each weighing about
a hundred pounds,[a] fell on people. And they cursed God on account of
the plague of hail, because the plague was so terrible.
Footnotes
Revelation 16:21 Or about 45 kilograms.} Revelation 16:1-20. Babylon, the Prostitute on the Beast
{1One
of the seven angels who had the seven bowls came and said to me, “Come,
I will show you the punishment of the great prostitute, who sits by
many waters. 2 With her the kings of the earth committed adultery, and
the inhabitants of the earth were intoxicated with the wine of her
adulteries.”
3 Then the angel carried me away in the Spirit into a
wilderness. There I saw a woman sitting on a scarlet beast that was
covered with blasphemous names and had seven heads and ten horns. 4 The
woman was dressed in purple and scarlet, and was glittering with gold,
precious stones and pearls. She held a golden cup in her hand, filled
with abominable things and the filth of her adulteries. 5 The name
written on her forehead was a mystery:
babylon the great
the mother of prostitutes
and of the abominations of the earth.
6 I saw that the woman was drunk with the blood of God’s holy people, the blood of those who bore testimony to Jesus.
When
I saw her, I was greatly astonished. 7 Then the angel said to me: “Why
are you astonished? I will explain to you the mystery of the woman and
of the beast she rides, which has the seven heads and ten horns. 8 The
beast, which you saw, once was, now is not, and yet will come up out of
the Abyss and go to its destruction. The inhabitants of the earth whose
names have not been written in the book of life from the creation of the
world will be astonished when they see the beast, because it once was,
now is not, and yet will come.
9 “This calls for a mind with
wisdom. The seven heads are seven hills on which the woman sits. 10 They
are also seven kings. Five have fallen, one is, the other has not yet
come; but when he does come, he must remain for only a little while. 11
The beast who once was, and now is not, is an eighth king. He belongs to
the seven and is going to his destruction.
12 “The ten horns you
saw are ten kings who have not yet received a kingdom, but who for one
hour will receive authority as kings along with the beast. 13 They have
one purpose and will give their power and authority to the beast. 14
They will wage war against the Lamb, but the Lamb will triumph over them
because he is Lord of lords and King of kings—and with him will be his
called, chosen and faithful followers.”
15 Then the angel said to
me, “The waters you saw, where the prostitute sits, are peoples,
multitudes, nations and languages. 16 The beast and the ten horns you
saw will hate the prostitute. They will bring her to ruin and leave her
naked; they will eat her flesh and burn her with fire. 17 For God has
put it into their hearts to accomplish his purpose by agreeing to hand
over to the beast their royal authority, until God’s words are
fulfilled. 18 The woman you saw is the great city that rules over the
kings of the earth.”}Revelation 17:1-18.
The End of Time Has Come. Therefore, Repent: ({10 Pass through, pass through the gates! Prepare the way for the people. Build up, build up the highway! Remove the stones. Raise a banner for the nations. 11 The Lord has made proclamation to the ends of the earth: “Say to Daughter Zion, ‘See, your Savior comes! See, his reward is with him, and his recompense accompanies him.’” 12 They will be called the Holy People, the Redeemed of the Lord; and you will be called Sought After, the City No Longer Deserted. Isaiah 62:1-12 },{21
Whoever has my commands and keeps them is the one who loves me. The one
who loves me will be loved by my Father, and I too will love them and
show myself to them.” 22 Then Judas (not Judas Iscariot) said, “But, Lord, why do you intend to show yourself to us and not to the world?” 23
Jesus replied, “Anyone who loves me will obey my teaching. My Father
will love them, and we will come to them and make our home with them. 24
Anyone who does not love me will not obey my teaching. These words you
hear are not my own; they belong to the Father who sent me.John 14:1-24 }, {47 and repentance for the forgiveness of sins will be preached in his name to all nations, beginning at Jerusalem.Luke 24:47 }, {9 If anyone turns a deaf ear to my instruction,even their prayers are detestable.Proverbs 28:9}, {29
“The most important one,” answered Jesus, “is this: ‘Hear, O Israel:
The Lord our God, the Lord is one.[e] 30 Love the Lord your God with all
your heart and with all your soul and with all your mind and with all
your strength.’[f] 31 The second is this: ‘Love your neighbor as
yourself.’[g] There is no commandment greater than these.”Mark 12:30-31 },{................. },{30
In the past God overlooked such ignorance, but now he commands all
people everywhere to repent. 31 For he has set a day when he will judge
the world with justice by the man he has appointed. He has given proof
of this to everyone by raising him from the dead.” 32
When they heard about the resurrection of the dead, some of them
sneered, but others said, “We want to hear you again on this subject.”
33 At that, Paul left the Council. 34 Some of the people became
followers of Paul and believed. Among them was Dionysius, a member of
the Areopagus, also a woman named Damaris, and a number of others. Acts 17:30-31 },{Woe to the Obstinate Nation 1“Woe to the obstinate children,” declares the Lord, “to those who carry out plans that are not mine, forming an alliance, but not by my Spirit, heaping sin upon sin; 2 who go down to Egypt without consulting me; who look for help to Pharaoh’s protection, to Egypt’s shade for refuge. 3 But Pharaoh’s protection will be to your shame, Egypt’s shade will bring you disgrace. 4 Though they have officials in Zoan and their envoys have arrived in Hanes, 5 everyone will be put to shame because of a people useless to them, who bring neither help nor advantage, but only shame and disgrace.” 6 A prophecy concerning the animals of the Negev: Through a land of hardship and distress, of lions and lionesses, of adders and darting snakes, the envoys carry their riches on donkeys’ backs, their treasures on the humps of camels, to that unprofitable nation, 7 to Egypt, whose help is utterly useless. Therefore I call her Rahab the Do-Nothing. 8 Go now, write it on a tablet for them, inscribe it on a scroll, that for the days to come it may be an everlasting witness. 9 For these are rebellious people, deceitful children, children unwilling to listen to the Lord’s instruction. 10 They say to the seers, “See no more visions!” and to the prophets, “Give us no more visions of what is right! Tell us pleasant things, prophesy illusions. 11 Leave this way, get off this path, and stop confronting us with the Holy One of Israel!” 12 Therefore this is what the Holy One of Israel says: “Because you have rejected this message, relied on oppression and depended on deceit, 13 this sin will become for you like a high wall, cracked and bulging, that collapses suddenly, in an instant. 14 It will break in pieces like pottery, shattered so mercilessly that among its pieces not a fragment will be found for taking coals from a hearth or scooping water out of a cistern.” 15 This is what the Sovereign Lord, the Holy One of Israel, says: “In repentance and rest is your salvation, in quietness and trust is your strength, but you would have none of it. 16 You said, ‘No, we will flee on horses.’ Therefore you will flee! You said, ‘We will ride off on swift horses.’ Therefore your pursuers will be swift! 17 A thousand will flee at the threat of one; at the threat of five you will all flee away, till you are left like a flagstaff on a mountaintop, like a banner on a hill.” 18 Yet the Lord longs to be gracious to you; therefore he will rise up to show you compassion. For the Lord is a God of justice. Blessed are all who wait for him!Isaiah 30:1-33 },{ The Birth of Jesus 1In
those days Caesar Augustus issued a decree that a census should be
taken of the entire Roman world. 2 (This was the first census that took
place while[a] Quirinius was governor of Syria.) 3 And everyone went to
their own town to register. 4
So Joseph also went up from the town of Nazareth in Galilee to Judea,
to Bethlehem the town of David, because he belonged to the house and
line of David. 5 He went there to register with Mary, who was pledged to
be married to him and was expecting a child. 6 While they were there,
the time came for the baby to be born, 7 and she gave birth to her
firstborn, a son. She wrapped him in cloths and placed him in a manger,
because there was no guest room available for them. 8
And there were shepherds living out in the fields nearby, keeping watch
over their flocks at night. 9 An angel of the Lord appeared to them,
and the glory of the Lord shone around them, and they were terrified. 10
But the angel said to them, “Do not be afraid. I bring you good news
that will cause great joy for all the people. 11 Today in the town of
David a Savior has been born to you; he is the Messiah, the Lord. 12
This will be a sign to you: You will find a baby wrapped in cloths and
lying in a manger.” 13 Suddenly a great company of the heavenly host appeared with the angel, praising God and saying, 14 “Glory to God in the highest heaven, and on earth peace to those on whom his favor rests.” 15
When the angels had left them and gone into heaven, the shepherds said
to one another, “Let’s go to Bethlehem and see this thing that has
happened, which the Lord has told us about.” 16
So they hurried off and found Mary and Joseph, and the baby, who was
lying in the manger. 17 When they had seen him, they spread the word
concerning what had been told them about this child, 18 and all who
heard it were amazed at what the shepherds said to them. 19 But Mary
treasured up all these things and pondered them in her heart. 20 The
shepherds returned, glorifying and praising God for all the things they
had heard and seen, which were just as they had been told. 21
On the eighth day, when it was time to circumcise the child, he was
named Jesus, the name the angel had given him before he was conceived. Jesus Presented in the Temple 22
When the time came for the purification rites required by the Law of
Moses, Joseph and Mary took him to Jerusalem to present him to the Lord
23 (as it is written in the Law of the Lord, “Every firstborn male is to
be consecrated to the Lord”[b]), 24 and to offer a sacrifice in keeping
with what is said in the Law of the Lord: “a pair of doves or two young
pigeons.”[c] 25
Now there was a man in Jerusalem called Simeon, who was righteous and
devout. He was waiting for the consolation of Israel, and the Holy
Spirit was on him. 26 It had been revealed to him by the Holy Spirit
that he would not die before he had seen the Lord’s Messiah. 27 Moved by
the Spirit, he went into the temple courts. When the parents brought in
the child Jesus to do for him what the custom of the Law required, 28
Simeon took him in his arms and praised God, saying: 29 “Sovereign Lord, as you have promised, you may now dismiss[d] your servant in peace. 30 For my eyes have seen your salvation, 31 which you have prepared in the sight of all nations: 32 a light for revelation to the Gentiles, and the glory of your people Israel.” 33
The child’s father and mother marveled at what was said about him. 34
Then Simeon blessed them and said to Mary, his mother: “This child is
destined to cause the falling and rising of many in Israel, and to be a
sign that will be spoken against, 35 so that the thoughts of many hearts
will be revealed. And a sword will pierce your own soul too.” 36
There was also a prophet, Anna, the daughter of Penuel, of the tribe of
Asher. She was very old; she had lived with her husband seven years
after her marriage, 37 and then was a widow until she was
eighty-four.[e] She never left the temple but worshiped night and day,
fasting and praying. 38 Coming up to them at that very moment, she gave
thanks to God and spoke about the child to all who were looking forward
to the redemption of Jerusalem. 39
When Joseph and Mary had done everything required by the Law of the
Lord, they returned to Galilee to their own town of Nazareth. 40 And the
child grew and became strong; he was filled with wisdom, and the grace
of God was on him.Luke 2:1-52}{1Then
the whole assembly rose and led him off to Pilate. 2 And they began to
accuse him, saying, “We have found this man subverting our nation. He
opposes payment of taxes to Caesar and claims to be Messiah, a king.” 3 So Pilate asked Jesus, “Are you the king of the Jews?” “You have said so,” Jesus replied. 4 Then Pilate announced to the chief priests and the crowd, “I find no basis for a charge against this man.” 5
But they insisted, “He stirs up the people all over Judea by his
teaching. He started in Galilee and has come all the way here.” 6
On hearing this, Pilate asked if the man was a Galilean. 7 When he
learned that Jesus was under Herod’s jurisdiction, he sent him to Herod,
who was also in Jerusalem at that time. 8
When Herod saw Jesus, he was greatly pleased, because for a long time
he had been wanting to see him. From what he had heard about him, he
hoped to see him perform a sign of some sort. 9 He plied him with many
questions, but Jesus gave him no answer. 10 The chief priests and the
teachers of the law were standing there, vehemently accusing him. 11
Then Herod and his soldiers ridiculed and mocked him. Dressing him in an
elegant robe, they sent him back to Pilate. 12 That day Herod and
Pilate became friends—before this they had been enemies. 13
Pilate called together the chief priests, the rulers and the people, 14
and said to them, “You brought me this man as one who was inciting the
people to rebellion. I have examined him in your presence and have found
no basis for your charges against him. 15 Neither has Herod, for he
sent him back to us; as you can see, he has done nothing to deserve
death. 16 Therefore, I will punish him and then release him.” [17] [a] 18
But the whole crowd shouted, “Away with this man! Release Barabbas to
us!” 19 (Barabbas had been thrown into prison for an insurrection in the
city, and for murder.) 20 Wanting to release Jesus, Pilate appealed to them again. 21 But they kept shouting, “Crucify him! Crucify him!” 22
For the third time he spoke to them: “Why? What crime has this man
committed? I have found in him no grounds for the death penalty.
Therefore I will have him punished and then release him.” 23
But with loud shouts they insistently demanded that he be crucified,
and their shouts prevailed. 24 So Pilate decided to grant their demand.
25 He released the man who had been thrown into prison for insurrection
and murder, the one they asked for, and surrendered Jesus to their will. The Crucifixion of Jesus 26
As the soldiers led him away, they seized Simon from Cyrene, who was on
his way in from the country, and put the cross on him and made him
carry it behind Jesus. 27 A large number of people followed him,
including women who mourned and wailed for him. 28 Jesus turned and said
to them, “Daughters of Jerusalem, do not weep for me; weep for
yourselves and for your children. 29 For the time will come when you
will say, ‘Blessed are the childless women, the wombs that never bore
and the breasts that never nursed!’ 30 Then “‘they will say to the mountains, “Fall on us!” and to the hills, “Cover us!”’[b] 31 For if people do these things when the tree is green, what will happen when it is dry?” 32
Two other men, both criminals, were also led out with him to be
executed. 33 When they came to the place called the Skull, they
crucified him there, along with the criminals—one on his right, the
other on his left. 34 Jesus said, “Father, forgive them, for they do not
know what they are doing.”[c] And they divided up his clothes by
casting lots. 35
The people stood watching, and the rulers even sneered at him. They
said, “He saved others; let him save himself if he is God’s Messiah, the
Chosen One.” 36
The soldiers also came up and mocked him. They offered him wine vinegar
37 and said, “If you are the king of the Jews, save yourself.” 38 There was a written notice above him, which read: this is the king of the jews. 39 One of the criminals who hung there hurled insults at him: “Aren’t you the Messiah? Save yourself and us!” 40
But the other criminal rebuked him. “Don’t you fear God,” he said,
“since you are under the same sentence? 41 We are punished justly, for
we are getting what our deeds deserve. But this man has done nothing
wrong.” 42 Then he said, “Jesus, remember me when you come into your kingdom.[d]” 43 Jesus answered him, “Truly I tell you, today you will be with me in paradise.” The Death of Jesus 44
It was now about noon, and darkness came over the whole land until
three in the afternoon, 45 for the sun stopped shining. And the curtain
of the temple was torn in two. 46 Jesus called out with a loud voice,
“Father, into your hands I commit my spirit.”[e] When he had said this,
he breathed his last. 47
The centurion, seeing what had happened, praised God and said, “Surely
this was a righteous man.” 48 When all the people who had gathered to
witness this sight saw what took place, they beat their breasts and went
away. 49 But all those who knew him, including the women who had
followed him from Galilee, stood at a distance, watching these things. The Burial of Jesus 50
Now there was a man named Joseph, a member of the Council, a good and
upright man, 51 who had not consented to their decision and action. He
came from the Judean town of Arimathea, and he himself was waiting for
the kingdom of God. 52 Going to Pilate, he asked for Jesus’ body. 53
Then he took it down, wrapped it in linen cloth and placed it in a tomb
cut in the rock, one in which no one had yet been laid. 54 It was
Preparation Day, and the Sabbath was about to begin. 55
The women who had come with Jesus from Galilee followed Joseph and saw
the tomb and how his body was laid in it. 56 Then they went home and
prepared spices and perfumes. But they rested on the Sabbath in
obedience to the commandment.Luke 23:1-56 },{Jesus Has Risen 1On
the first day of the week, very early in the morning, the women took
the spices they had prepared and went to the tomb. 2 They found the
stone rolled away from the tomb, 3 but when they entered, they did not
find the body of the Lord Jesus. 4 While they were wondering about this,
suddenly two men in clothes that gleamed like lightning stood beside
them. 5 In their fright the women bowed down with their faces to the
ground, but the men said to them, “Why do you look for the living among
the dead? 6 He is not here; he has risen! Remember how he told you,
while he was still with you in Galilee: 7 ‘The Son of Man must be
delivered over to the hands of sinners, be crucified and on the third
day be raised again.’ ” 8 Then they remembered his words. 9
When they came back from the tomb, they told all these things to the
Eleven and to all the others. 10 It was Mary Magdalene, Joanna, Mary the
mother of James, and the others with them who told this to the
apostles. 11 But they did not believe the women, because their words
seemed to them like nonsense. 12 Peter, however, got up and ran to the
tomb. Bending over, he saw the strips of linen lying by themselves, and
he went away, wondering to himself what had happened. On the Road to Emmaus 13
Now that same day two of them were going to a village called Emmaus,
about seven miles[a] from Jerusalem. 14 They were talking with each
other about everything that had happened. 15 As they talked and
discussed these things with each other, Jesus himself came up and walked
along with them; 16 but they were kept from recognizing him. 17 He asked them, “What are you discussing together as you walk along?” They
stood still, their faces downcast. 18 One of them, named Cleopas, asked
him, “Are you the only one visiting Jerusalem who does not know the
things that have happened there in these days?” 19 “What things?” he asked. “About
Jesus of Nazareth,” they replied. “He was a prophet, powerful in word
and deed before God and all the people. 20 The chief priests and our
rulers handed him over to be sentenced to death, and they crucified him;
21 but we had hoped that he was the one who was going to redeem Israel.
And what is more, it is the third day since all this took place. 22 In
addition, some of our women amazed us. They went to the tomb early this
morning 23 but didn’t find his body. They came and told us that they had
seen a vision of angels, who said he was alive. 24 Then some of our
companions went to the tomb and found it just as the women had said, but
they did not see Jesus.” 25
He said to them, “How foolish you are, and how slow to believe all that
the prophets have spoken! 26 Did not the Messiah have to suffer these
things and then enter his glory?” 27 And beginning with Moses and all
the Prophets, he explained to them what was said in all the Scriptures
concerning himself. 28
As they approached the village to which they were going, Jesus
continued on as if he were going farther. 29 But they urged him
strongly, “Stay with us, for it is nearly evening; the day is almost
over.” So he went in to stay with them. 30
When he was at the table with them, he took bread, gave thanks, broke
it and began to give it to them. 31 Then their eyes were opened and they
recognized him, and he disappeared from their sight. 32 They asked each
other, “Were not our hearts burning within us while he talked with us
on the road and opened the Scriptures to us?” 33
They got up and returned at once to Jerusalem. There they found the
Eleven and those with them, assembled together 34 and saying, “It is
true! The Lord has risen and has appeared to Simon.” 35 Then the two
told what had happened on the way, and how Jesus was recognized by them
when he broke the bread. Jesus Appears to the Disciples 36 While they were still talking about this, Jesus himself stood among them and said to them, “Peace be with you.” 37
They were startled and frightened, thinking they saw a ghost. 38 He
said to them, “Why are you troubled, and why do doubts rise in your
minds? 39 Look at my hands and my feet. It is I myself! Touch me and
see; a ghost does not have flesh and bones, as you see I have.” 40
When he had said this, he showed them his hands and feet. 41 And while
they still did not believe it because of joy and amazement, he asked
them, “Do you have anything here to eat?” 42 They gave him a piece of
broiled fish, 43 and he took it and ate it in their presence. 44
He said to them, “This is what I told you while I was still with you:
Everything must be fulfilled that is written about me in the Law of
Moses, the Prophets and the Psalms.” 45
Then he opened their minds so they could understand the Scriptures. 46
He told them, “This is what is written: The Messiah will suffer and rise
from the dead on the third day, 47 and repentance for the forgiveness
of sins will be preached in his name to all nations, beginning at
Jerusalem. 48 You are witnesses of these things. 49 I am going to send
you what my Father has promised; but stay in the city until you have
been clothed with power from on high.” The Ascension of Jesus 50
When he had led them out to the vicinity of Bethany, he lifted up his
hands and blessed them. 51 While he was blessing them, he left them and
was taken up into heaven. 52 Then they worshiped him and returned to
Jerusalem with great joy. 53 And they stayed continually at the temple,
praising God.Luke 24:1-53 }, {Jesus Comforts His Disciples 1“Do
not let your hearts be troubled. You believe in God[a]; believe also in
me. 2 My Father’s house has many rooms; if that were not so, would I
have told you that I am going there to prepare a place for you? 3 And if
I go and prepare a place for you, I will come back and take you to be
with me that you also may be where I am. 4 You know the way to the place
where I am going.” Jesus the Way to the Father 5 Thomas said to him, “Lord, we don’t know where you are going, so how can we know the way?” 6
Jesus answered, “I am the way and the truth and the life. No one comes
to the Father except through me. 7 If you really know me, you will
know[b] my Father as well. From now on, you do know him and have seen
him.” 8 Philip said, “Lord, show us the Father and that will be enough for us.” 9
Jesus answered: “Don’t you know me, Philip, even after I have been
among you such a long time? Anyone who has seen me has seen the Father.
How can you say, ‘Show us the Father’? 10 Don’t you believe that I am in
the Father, and that the Father is in me? The words I say to you I do
not speak on my own authority. Rather, it is the Father, living in me,
who is doing his work. 11 Believe me when I say that I am in the Father
and the Father is in me; or at least believe on the evidence of the
works themselves. 12 Very truly I tell you, whoever believes in me will
do the works I have been doing, and they will do even greater things
than these, because I am going to the Father. 13 And I will do whatever
you ask in my name, so that the Father may be glorified in the Son. 14
You may ask me for anything in my name, and I will do it. Jesus Promises the Holy Spirit 15
“If you love me, keep my commands. 16 And I will ask the Father, and he
will give you another advocate to help you and be with you forever— 17
the Spirit of truth. The world cannot accept him, because it neither
sees him nor knows him. But you know him, for he lives with you and will
be[c] in you. 18 I will not leave you as orphans; I will come to you.
19 Before long, the world will not see me anymore, but you will see me.
Because I live, you also will live. 20 On that day you will realize that
I am in my Father, and you are in me, and I am in you. 21 Whoever has
my commands and keeps them is the one who loves me. The one who loves me
will be loved by my Father, and I too will love them and show myself to
them.” 22 Then Judas (not Judas Iscariot) said, “But, Lord, why do you intend to show yourself to us and not to the world?” 23
Jesus replied, “Anyone who loves me will obey my teaching. My Father
will love them, and we will come to them and make our home with them. 24
Anyone who does not love me will not obey my teaching. These words you
hear are not my own; they belong to the Father who sent me. 25
“All this I have spoken while still with you. 26 But the Advocate, the
Holy Spirit, whom the Father will send in my name, will teach you all
things and will remind you of everything I have said to you. 27 Peace I
leave with you; my peace I give you. I do not give to you as the world
gives. Do not let your hearts be troubled and do not be afraid. 28
“You heard me say, ‘I am going away and I am coming back to you.’ If
you loved me, you would be glad that I am going to the Father, for the
Father is greater than I. 29 I have told you now before it happens, so
that when it does happen you will believe. 30 I will not say much more
to you, for the prince of this world is coming. He has no hold over me,
31 but he comes so that the world may learn that I love the Father and
do exactly what my Father has commanded me. “Come now; let us leave. John 14:1-31 },{ The World Hates the Disciples 18
“If the world hates you, keep in mind that it hated me first. 19 If you
belonged to the world, it would love you as its own. As it is, you do
not belong to the world, but I have chosen you out of the world. That is
why the world hates you. 20 Remember what I told you: ‘A servant is not
greater than his master.’[b] If they persecuted me, they will persecute
you also. If they obeyed my teaching, they will obey yours also. 21
They will treat you this way because of my name, for they do not know
the one who sent me. 22 If I had not come and spoken to them, they would
not be guilty of sin; but now they have no excuse for their sin. 23
Whoever hates me hates my Father as well. 24 If I had not done among
them the works no one else did, they would not be guilty of sin. As it
is, they have seen, and yet they have hated both me and my Father. 25
But this is to fulfill what is written in their Law: ‘They hated me
without reason.’[c] The Work of the Holy Spirit 26
“When the Advocate comes, whom I will send to you from the Father—the
Spirit of truth who goes out from the Father—he will testify about me.
27 And you also must testify, for you have been with me from the
beginning.John 15:1-27}, {1“All
this I have told you so that you will not fall away. 2 They will put
you out of the synagogue; in fact, the time is coming when anyone who
kills you will think they are offering a service to God. 3 They will do
such things because they have not known the Father or me. 4 I have told
you this, so that when their time comes you will remember that I warned
you about them. I did not tell you this from the beginning because I was
with you, 5 but now I am going to him who sent me. None of you asks me,
‘Where are you going?’ 6 Rather, you are filled with grief because I
have said these things. 7 But very truly I tell you, it is for your good
that I am going away. Unless I go away, the Advocate will not come to
you; but if I go, I will send him to you. 8 When he comes, he will prove
the world to be in the wrong about sin and righteousness and judgment: 9
about sin, because people do not believe in me; 10 about righteousness,
because I am going to the Father, where you can see me no longer; 11
and about judgment, because the prince of this world now stands
condemned. 12
“I have much more to say to you, more than you can now bear. 13 But
when he, the Spirit of truth, comes, he will guide you into all the
truth. He will not speak on his own; he will speak only what he hears,
and he will tell you what is yet to come. 14 He will glorify me because
it is from me that he will receive what he will make known to you. 15
All that belongs to the Father is mine. That is why I said the Spirit
will receive from me what he will make known to you.” The Disciples’ Grief Will Turn to Joy 16 Jesus went on to say, “In a little while you will see me no more, and then after a little while you will see me.” 17
At this, some of his disciples said to one another, “What does he mean
by saying, ‘In a little while you will see me no more, and then after a
little while you will see me,’ and ‘Because I am going to the Father’?”
18 They kept asking, “What does he mean by ‘a little while’? We don’t
understand what he is saying.” 19
Jesus saw that they wanted to ask him about this, so he said to them,
“Are you asking one another what I meant when I said, ‘In a little while
you will see me no more, and then after a little while you will see
me’? 20 Very truly I tell you, you will weep and mourn while the world
rejoices. You will grieve, but your grief will turn to joy. 21 A woman
giving birth to a child has pain because her time has come; but when her
baby is born she forgets the anguish because of her joy that a child is
born into the world. 22 So with you: Now is your time of grief, but I
will see you again and you will rejoice, and no one will take away your
joy. 23 In that day you will no longer ask me anything. Very truly I
tell you, my Father will give you whatever you ask in my name. 24 Until
now you have not asked for anything in my name. Ask and you will
receive, and your joy will be complete. 25
“Though I have been speaking figuratively, a time is coming when I will
no longer use this kind of language but will tell you plainly about my
Father. 26 In that day you will ask in my name. I am not saying that I
will ask the Father on your behalf. 27 No, the Father himself loves you
because you have loved me and have believed that I came from God. 28 I
came from the Father and entered the world; now I am leaving the world
and going back to the Father.” 29
Then Jesus’ disciples said, “Now you are speaking clearly and without
figures of speech. 30 Now we can see that you know all things and that
you do not even need to have anyone ask you questions. This makes us
believe that you came from God.” 31
“Do you now believe?” Jesus replied. 32 “A time is coming and in fact
has come when you will be scattered, each to your own home. You will
leave me all alone. Yet I am not alone, for my Father is with me. 33
“I have told you these things, so that in me you may have peace. In
this world you will have trouble. But take heart! I have overcome the
world.” John 16:1-33 },{Jesus Prays to Be Glorified 1After Jesus said this, he looked toward heaven and prayed: “Father,
the hour has come. Glorify your Son, that your Son may glorify you. 2
For you granted him authority over all people that he might give eternal
life to all those you have given him. 3 Now this is eternal life: that
they know you, the only true God, and Jesus Christ, whom you have sent. 4
I have brought you glory on earth by finishing the work you gave me to
do. 5 And now, Father, glorify me in your presence with the glory I had
with you before the world began. Jesus Prays for His Disciples 6
“I have revealed you[a] to those whom you gave me out of the world.
They were yours; you gave them to me and they have obeyed your word. 7
Now they know that everything you have given me comes from you. 8 For I
gave them the words you gave me and they accepted them. They knew with
certainty that I came from you, and they believed that you sent me. 9 I
pray for them. I am not praying for the world, but for those you have
given me, for they are yours. 10 All I have is yours, and all you have
is mine. And glory has come to me through them. 11 I will remain in the
world no longer, but they are still in the world, and I am coming to
you. Holy Father, protect them by the power of[b] your name, the name
you gave me, so that they may be one as we are one. 12 While I was with
them, I protected them and kept them safe by[c] that name you gave me.
None has been lost except the one doomed to destruction so that
Scripture would be fulfilled. 13
“I am coming to you now, but I say these things while I am still in the
world, so that they may have the full measure of my joy within them. 14
I have given them your word and the world has hated them, for they are
not of the world any more than I am of the world. 15 My prayer is not
that you take them out of the world but that you protect them from the
evil one. 16 They are not of the world, even as I am not of it. 17
Sanctify them by[d] the truth; your word is truth. 18 As you sent me
into the world, I have sent them into the world. 19 For them I sanctify
myself, that they too may be truly sanctified. Jesus Prays for All Believers 20
“My prayer is not for them alone. I pray also for those who will
believe in me through their message, 21 that all of them may be one,
Father, just as you are in me and I am in you. May they also be in us so
that the world may believe that you have sent me. 22 I have given them
the glory that you gave me, that they may be one as we are one— 23 I in
them and you in me—so that they may be brought to complete unity. Then
the world will know that you sent me and have loved them even as you
have loved me. 24
“Father, I want those you have given me to be with me where I am, and
to see my glory, the glory you have given me because you loved me before
the creation of the world. 25
“Righteous Father, though the world does not know you, I know you, and
they know that you have sent me. 26 I have made you[e] known to them,
and will continue to make you known in order that the love you have for
me may be in them and that I myself may be in them.” John 17:1-26 },{The Nations Judged 1[a]“In those days and at that time, when I restore the fortunes of Judah and Jerusalem, 2 I will gather all nations and bring them down to the Valley of Jehoshaphat.[b] There I will put them on trial for what they did to my inheritance, my people Israel, because they scattered my people among the nations and divided up my land. 3 They cast lots for my people and traded boys for prostitutes; they sold girls for wine to drink. 4
“Now what have you against me, Tyre and Sidon and all you regions of
Philistia? Are you repaying me for something I have done? If you are
paying me back, I will swiftly and speedily return on your own heads
what you have done. 5 For you took my silver and my gold and carried off
my finest treasures to your temples.[c] 6 You sold the people of Judah
and Jerusalem to the Greeks, that you might send them far from their
homeland. 7
“See, I am going to rouse them out of the places to which you sold
them, and I will return on your own heads what you have done. 8 I will
sell your sons and daughters to the people of Judah, and they will sell
them to the Sabeans, a nation far away.” The Lord has spoken. 9 Proclaim this among the nations: Prepare for war! Rouse the warriors! Let all the fighting men draw near and attack. 10 Beat your plowshares into swords and your pruning hooks into spears. Let the weakling say, “I am strong!” 11 Come quickly, all you nations from every side, and assemble there. Bring down your warriors, Lord! 12 “Let the nations be roused; let them advance into the Valley of Jehoshaphat, for there I will sit to judge all the nations on every side. 13 Swing the sickle, for the harvest is ripe. Come, trample the grapes, for the winepress is full and the vats overflow— so great is their wickedness!” 14 Multitudes, multitudes in the valley of decision! For the day of the Lord is near in the valley of decision. 15 The sun and moon will be darkened, and the stars no longer shine. 16 The Lord will roar from Zion and thunder from Jerusalem; the earth and the heavens will tremble. But the Lord will be a refuge for his people, a stronghold for the people of Israel. Blessings for God’s People 17 “Then you will know that I, the Lord your God, dwell in Zion, my holy hill. Jerusalem will be holy; never again will foreigners invade her. 18 “In that day the mountains will drip new wine, and the hills will flow with milk; all the ravines of Judah will run with water. A fountain will flow out of the Lord’s house and will water the valley of acacias.[d] 19 But Egypt will be desolate, Edom a desert waste, because of violence done to the people of Judah, in whose land they shed innocent blood. 20 Judah will be inhabited forever and Jerusalem through all generations. 21 Shall I leave their innocent blood unavenged? No, I will not.” The Lord dwells in Zion! Joel 3:1-21 },{ Sin and Punishment 4 “Say to them, ‘This is what the Lord says: “‘When people fall down, do they not get up? When someone turns away, do they not return? 5 Why then have these people turned away? Why does Jerusalem always turn away? They cling to deceit; they refuse to return. 6 I have listened attentively, but they do not say what is right. None of them repent of their wickedness, saying, “What have I done?” Each pursues their own course like a horse charging into battle. 7 Even the stork in the sky knows her appointed seasons, and the dove, the swift and the thrush observe the time of their migration. But my people do not know the requirements of the Lord. 8 “‘How can you say, “We are wise, for we have the law of the Lord,” when actually the lying pen of the scribes has handled it falsely? 9 The wise will be put to shame; they will be dismayed and trapped. Since they have rejected the word of the Lord, what kind of wisdom do they have? Jeremiah 8:1-22 },{ Judging Others 1“Do
not judge, or you too will be judged. 2 For in the same way you judge
others, you will be judged, and with the measure you use, it will be
measured to you. 3
“Why do you look at the speck of sawdust in your brother’s eye and pay
no attention to the plank in your own eye? 4 How can you say to your
brother, ‘Let me take the speck out of your eye,’ when all the time
there is a plank in your own eye? 5 You hypocrite, first take the plank
out of your own eye, and then you will see clearly to remove the speck
from your brother’s eye. 6
“Do not give dogs what is sacred; do not throw your pearls to pigs. If
you do, they may trample them under their feet, and turn and tear you to
pieces. Ask, Seek, Knock 7
“Ask and it will be given to you; seek and you will find; knock and the
door will be opened to you. 8 For everyone who asks receives; the one
who seeks finds; and to the one who knocks, the door will be opened. 9
“Which of you, if your son asks for bread, will give him a stone? 10 Or
if he asks for a fish, will give him a snake? 11 If you, then, though
you are evil, know how to give good gifts to your children, how much
more will your Father in heaven give good gifts to those who ask him! 12
So in everything, do to others what you would have them do to you, for
this sums up the Law and the Prophets. The Narrow and Wide Gates 13
“Enter through the narrow gate. For wide is the gate and broad is the
road that leads to destruction, and many enter through it. 14 But small
is the gate and narrow the road that leads to life, and only a few find
it. True and False Prophets 15
“Watch out for false prophets. They come to you in sheep’s clothing,
but inwardly they are ferocious wolves. 16 By their fruit you will
recognize them. Do people pick grapes from thornbushes, or figs from
thistles? 17 Likewise, every good tree bears good fruit, but a bad tree
bears bad fruit. 18 A good tree cannot bear bad fruit, and a bad tree
cannot bear good fruit. 19 Every tree that does not bear good fruit is
cut down and thrown into the fire. 20 Thus, by their fruit you will
recognize them. True and False Disciples 21
“Not everyone who says to me, ‘Lord, Lord,’ will enter the kingdom of
heaven, but only the one who does the will of my Father who is in
heaven. 22 Many will say to me on that day, ‘Lord, Lord, did we not
prophesy in your name and in your name drive out demons and in your name
perform many miracles?’ 23 Then I will tell them plainly, ‘I never knew
you. Away from me, you evildoers!’ The Wise and Foolish Builders 24
“Therefore everyone who hears these words of mine and puts them into
practice is like a wise man who built his house on the rock. 25 The rain
came down, the streams rose, and the winds blew and beat against that
house; yet it did not fall, because it had its foundation on the rock.
26 But everyone who hears these words of mine and does not put them into
practice is like a foolish man who built his house on sand. 27 The rain
came down, the streams rose, and the winds blew and beat against that
house, and it fell with a great crash.” 28
When Jesus had finished saying these things, the crowds were amazed at
his teaching, 29 because he taught as one who had authority, and not as
their teachers of the law. Matthew 7:1-29 },{The Parable of the Ten Virgins 1“At
that time the kingdom of heaven will be like ten virgins who took their
lamps and went out to meet the bridegroom. 2 Five of them were foolish
and five were wise. 3 The foolish ones took their lamps but did not take
any oil with them. 4 The wise ones, however, took oil in jars along
with their lamps. 5 The bridegroom was a long time in coming, and they
all became drowsy and fell asleep. 6 “At midnight the cry rang out: ‘Here’s the bridegroom! Come out to meet him!’ 7
“Then all the virgins woke up and trimmed their lamps. 8 The foolish
ones said to the wise, ‘Give us some of your oil; our lamps are going
out.’ 9
“‘No,’ they replied, ‘there may not be enough for both us and you.
Instead, go to those who sell oil and buy some for yourselves.’ 10
“But while they were on their way to buy the oil, the bridegroom
arrived. The virgins who were ready went in with him to the wedding
banquet. And the door was shut. 11 “Later the others also came. ‘Lord, Lord,’ they said, ‘open the door for us!’ 12 “But he replied, ‘Truly I tell you, I don’t know you.’ 13 “Therefore keep watch, because you do not know the day or the hour. The Parable of the Bags of Gold 14
“Again, it will be like a man going on a journey, who called his
servants and entrusted his wealth to them. 15 To one he gave five bags
of gold, to another two bags, and to another one bag,[a] each according
to his ability. Then he went on his journey. 16 The man who had received
five bags of gold went at once and put his money to work and gained
five bags more. 17 So also, the one with two bags of gold gained two
more. 18 But the man who had received one bag went off, dug a hole in
the ground and hid his master’s money. 19
“After a long time the master of those servants returned and settled
accounts with them. 20 The man who had received five bags of gold
brought the other five. ‘Master,’ he said, ‘you entrusted me with five
bags of gold. See, I have gained five more.’ 21
“His master replied, ‘Well done, good and faithful servant! You have
been faithful with a few things; I will put you in charge of many
things. Come and share your master’s happiness!’ 22
“The man with two bags of gold also came. ‘Master,’ he said, ‘you
entrusted me with two bags of gold; see, I have gained two more.’ 23
“His master replied, ‘Well done, good and faithful servant! You have
been faithful with a few things; I will put you in charge of many
things. Come and share your master’s happiness!’ 24
“Then the man who had received one bag of gold came. ‘Master,’ he said,
‘I knew that you are a hard man, harvesting where you have not sown and
gathering where you have not scattered seed. 25 So I was afraid and
went out and hid your gold in the ground. See, here is what belongs to
you.’ 26
“His master replied, ‘You wicked, lazy servant! So you knew that I
harvest where I have not sown and gather where I have not scattered
seed? 27 Well then, you should have put my money on deposit with the
bankers, so that when I returned I would have received it back with
interest. 28
“‘So take the bag of gold from him and give it to the one who has ten
bags. 29 For whoever has will be given more, and they will have an
abundance. Whoever does not have, even what they have will be taken from
them. 30 And throw that worthless servant outside, into the darkness,
where there will be weeping and gnashing of teeth.’ The Sheep and the Goats 31
“When the Son of Man comes in his glory, and all the angels with him,
he will sit on his glorious throne. 32 All the nations will be gathered
before him, and he will separate the people one from another as a
shepherd separates the sheep from the goats. 33 He will put the sheep on
his right and the goats on his left. 34
“Then the King will say to those on his right, ‘Come, you who are
blessed by my Father; take your inheritance, the kingdom prepared for
you since the creation of the world. 35 For I was hungry and you gave me
something to eat, I was thirsty and you gave me something to drink, I
was a stranger and you invited me in, 36 I needed clothes and you
clothed me, I was sick and you looked after me, I was in prison and you
came to visit me.’ 37
“Then the righteous will answer him, ‘Lord, when did we see you hungry
and feed you, or thirsty and give you something to drink? 38 When did we
see you a stranger and invite you in, or needing clothes and clothe
you? 39 When did we see you sick or in prison and go to visit you?’ 40
“The King will reply, ‘Truly I tell you, whatever you did for one of
the least of these brothers and sisters of mine, you did for me.’ 41
“Then he will say to those on his left, ‘Depart from me, you who are
cursed, into the eternal fire prepared for the devil and his angels. 42
For I was hungry and you gave me nothing to eat, I was thirsty and you
gave me nothing to drink, 43 I was a stranger and you did not invite me
in, I needed clothes and you did not clothe me, I was sick and in prison
and you did not look after me.’ 44
“They also will answer, ‘Lord, when did we see you hungry or thirsty or
a stranger or needing clothes or sick or in prison, and did not help
you?’ 45 “He will reply, ‘Truly I tell you, whatever you did not do for one of the least of these, you did not do for me.’ 46 “Then they will go away to eternal punishment, but the righteous to eternal life.”Matthew 25:1-46 },{A New Heaven and a New Earth 1Then
I saw “a new heaven and a new earth,”[a] for the first heaven and the
first earth had passed away, and there was no longer any sea. 2 I saw
the Holy City, the new Jerusalem, coming down out of heaven from God,
prepared as a bride beautifully dressed for her husband. 3 And I heard a
loud voice from the throne saying, “Look! God’s dwelling place is now
among the people, and he will dwell with them. They will be his people,
and God himself will be with them and be their God. 4 ‘He will wipe
every tear from their eyes. There will be no more death’[b] or mourning
or crying or pain, for the old order of things has passed away.” 5
He who was seated on the throne said, “I am making everything new!”
Then he said, “Write this down, for these words are trustworthy and
true.” 6
He said to me: “It is done. I am the Alpha and the Omega, the Beginning
and the End. To the thirsty I will give water without cost from the
spring of the water of life. 7 Those who are victorious will inherit all
this, and I will be their God and they will be my children. 8 But the
cowardly, the unbelieving, the vile, the murderers, the sexually
immoral, those who practice magic arts, the idolaters and all liars—they
will be consigned to the fiery lake of burning sulfur. This is the
second death.” The New Jerusalem, the Bride of the Lamb 9
One of the seven angels who had the seven bowls full of the seven last
plagues came and said to me, “Come, I will show you the bride, the wife
of the Lamb.” 10 And he carried me away in the Spirit to a mountain
great and high, and showed me the Holy City, Jerusalem, coming down out
of heaven from God. 11 It shone with the glory of God, and its
brilliance was like that of a very precious jewel, like a jasper, clear
as crystal. 12 It had a great, high wall with twelve gates, and with
twelve angels at the gates. On the gates were written the names of the
twelve tribes of Israel. 13 There were three gates on the east, three on
the north, three on the south and three on the west. 14 The wall of the
city had twelve foundations, and on them were the names of the twelve
apostles of the Lamb. 15
The angel who talked with me had a measuring rod of gold to measure the
city, its gates and its walls. 16 The city was laid out like a square,
as long as it was wide. He measured the city with the rod and found it
to be 12,000 stadia[c] in length, and as wide and high as it is long. 17
The angel measured the wall using human measurement, and it was 144
cubits[d] thick.[e] 18 The wall was made of jasper, and the city of pure
gold, as pure as glass. 19 The foundations of the city walls were
decorated with every kind of precious stone. The first foundation was
jasper, the second sapphire, the third agate, the fourth emerald, 20 the
fifth onyx, the sixth ruby, the seventh chrysolite, the eighth beryl,
the ninth topaz, the tenth turquoise, the eleventh jacinth, and the
twelfth amethyst.[f] 21 The twelve gates were twelve pearls, each gate
made of a single pearl. The great street of the city was of gold, as
pure as transparent glass. 22
I did not see a temple in the city, because the Lord God Almighty and
the Lamb are its temple. 23 The city does not need the sun or the moon
to shine on it, for the glory of God gives it light, and the Lamb is its
lamp. 24 The nations will walk by its light, and the kings of the earth
will bring their splendor into it. 25 On no day will its gates ever be
shut, for there will be no night there. 26 The glory and honor of the
nations will be brought into it. 27 Nothing impure will ever enter it,
nor will anyone who does what is shameful or deceitful, but only those
whose names are written in the Lamb’s book of life. Footnotes Revelation 21:1 Isaiah 65:17 Revelation 21:4 Isaiah 25:8,Revelation 21:1-27},{Lament Over Fallen Babylon 1After
this I saw another angel coming down from heaven. He had great
authority, and the earth was illuminated by his splendor. 2 With a
mighty voice he shouted: “‘Fallen! Fallen is Babylon the Great!’[a] She has become a dwelling for demons and a haunt for every impure spirit, a haunt for every unclean bird, a haunt for every unclean and detestable animal. 3 For all the nations have drunk the maddening wine of her adulteries. The kings of the earth committed adultery with her, and the merchants of the earth grew rich from her excessive luxuries.” Warning to Escape Babylon’s Judgment 4 Then I heard another voice from heaven say: “‘Come out of her, my people,’[b] so that you will not share in her sins, so that you will not receive any of her plagues; 5 for her sins are piled up to heaven, and God has remembered her crimes. 6 Give back to her as she has given; pay her back double for what she has done. Pour her a double portion from her own cup. 7 Give her as much torment and grief as the glory and luxury she gave herself. In her heart she boasts, ‘I sit enthroned as queen. I am not a widow;[c] I will never mourn.’ 8 Therefore in one day her plagues will overtake her: death, mourning and famine. She will be consumed by fire, for mighty is the Lord God who judges her. Threefold Woe Over Babylon’s Fall 9
“When the kings of the earth who committed adultery with her and shared
her luxury see the smoke of her burning, they will weep and mourn over
her. 10 Terrified at her torment, they will stand far off and cry: “‘Woe! Woe to you, great city, you mighty city of Babylon! In one hour your doom has come!’ 11
“The merchants of the earth will weep and mourn over her because no one
buys their cargoes anymore— 12 cargoes of gold, silver, precious stones
and pearls; fine linen, purple, silk and scarlet cloth; every sort of
citron wood, and articles of every kind made of ivory, costly wood,
bronze, iron and marble; 13 cargoes of cinnamon and spice, of incense,
myrrh and frankincense, of wine and olive oil, of fine flour and wheat;
cattle and sheep; horses and carriages; and human beings sold as slaves. 14
“They will say, ‘The fruit you longed for is gone from you. All your
luxury and splendor have vanished, never to be recovered.’ 15 The
merchants who sold these things and gained their wealth from her will
stand far off, terrified at her torment. They will weep and mourn 16 and
cry out: “‘Woe! Woe to you, great city, dressed in fine linen, purple and scarlet, and glittering with gold, precious stones and pearls! 17 In one hour such great wealth has been brought to ruin! “Every
sea captain, and all who travel by ship, the sailors, and all who earn
their living from the sea, will stand far off. 18 When they see the
smoke of her burning, they will exclaim, ‘Was there ever a city like
this great city?’ 19 They will throw dust on their heads, and with
weeping and mourning cry out: “‘Woe! Woe to you, great city, where all who had ships on the sea became rich through her wealth! In one hour she has been brought to ruin!’ 20 “Rejoice over her, you heavens! Rejoice, you people of God! Rejoice, apostles and prophets! For God has judged her with the judgment she imposed on you.” The Finality of Babylon’s Doom 21 Then a mighty angel picked up a boulder the size of a large millstone and threw it into the sea, and said: “With such violence the great city of Babylon will be thrown down, never to be found again. 22 The music of harpists and musicians, pipers and trumpeters, will never be heard in you again. No worker of any trade will ever be found in you again. The sound of a millstone will never be heard in you again. 23 The light of a lamp will never shine in you again. The voice of bridegroom and bride will never be heard in you again. Your merchants were the world’s important people. By your magic spell all the nations were led astray. 24 In her was found the blood of prophets and of God’s holy people, of all who have been slaughtered on the earth.” Footnotes Revelation 18:2 Isaiah 21:9 Revelation 18:4 Jer. 51:45 Revelation 18:7 See Isaiah 47:7,8. Revelation 18:1-24 }, {Threefold Hallelujah Over Babylon’s Fall 1After this I heard what sounded like the roar of a great multitude in heaven shouting: “Hallelujah! Salvation and glory and power belong to our God, 2 for true and just are his judgments. He has condemned the great prostitute who corrupted the earth by her adulteries. He has avenged on her the blood of his servants.” 3 And again they shouted: “Hallelujah! The smoke from her goes up for ever and ever.” 4
The twenty-four elders and the four living creatures fell down and
worshiped God, who was seated on the throne. And they cried: “Amen, Hallelujah!” 5 Then a voice came from the throne, saying: “Praise our God, all you his servants, you who fear him, both great and small!” 6 Then I heard what sounded like a great multitude, like the roar of rushing waters and like loud peals of thunder, shouting: “Hallelujah! For our Lord God Almighty reigns. 7 Let us rejoice and be glad and give him glory! For the wedding of the Lamb has come, and his bride has made herself ready. 8 Fine linen, bright and clean, was given her to wear.” (Fine linen stands for the righteous acts of God’s holy people.) 9
Then the angel said to me, “Write this: Blessed are those who are
invited to the wedding supper of the Lamb!” And he added, “These are the
true words of God.” 10
At this I fell at his feet to worship him. But he said to me, “Don’t do
that! I am a fellow servant with you and with your brothers and sisters
who hold to the testimony of Jesus. Worship God! For it is the Spirit
of prophecy who bears testimony to Jesus.” The Heavenly Warrior Defeats the Beast 11
I saw heaven standing open and there before me was a white horse, whose
rider is called Faithful and True. With justice he judges and wages
war. 12 His eyes are like blazing fire, and on his head are many crowns.
He has a name written on him that no one knows but he himself. 13 He is
dressed in a robe dipped in blood, and his name is the Word of God. 14
The armies of heaven were following him, riding on white horses and
dressed in fine linen, white and clean. 15 Coming out of his mouth is a
sharp sword with which to strike down the nations. “He will rule them
with an iron scepter.”[a] He treads the winepress of the fury of the
wrath of God Almighty. 16 On his robe and on his thigh he has this name
written: king of kings and lord of lords. 17
And I saw an angel standing in the sun, who cried in a loud voice to
all the birds flying in midair, “Come, gather together for the great
supper of God, 18 so that you may eat the flesh of kings, generals, and
the mighty, of horses and their riders, and the flesh of all people,
free and slave, great and small.” 19
Then I saw the beast and the kings of the earth and their armies
gathered together to wage war against the rider on the horse and his
army. 20 But the beast was captured, and with it the false prophet who
had performed the signs on its behalf. With these signs he had deluded
those who had received the mark of the beast and worshiped its image.
The two of them were thrown alive into the fiery lake of burning sulfur.
21 The rest were killed with the sword coming out of the mouth of the
rider on the horse, and all the birds gorged themselves on their flesh. Footnotes Revelation 19:15 Psalm 2:9, Revelation 19:1-21 }, {The Thousand Years 1And
I saw an angel coming down out of heaven, having the key to the Abyss
and holding in his hand a great chain. 2 He seized the dragon, that
ancient serpent, who is the devil, or Satan, and bound him for a
thousand years. 3 He threw him into the Abyss, and locked and sealed it
over him, to keep him from deceiving the nations anymore until the
thousand years were ended. After that, he must be set free for a short
time. 4
I saw thrones on which were seated those who had been given authority
to judge. And I saw the souls of those who had been beheaded because of
their testimony about Jesus and because of the word of God. They[a] had
not worshiped the beast or its image and had not received its mark on
their foreheads or their hands. They came to life and reigned with
Christ a thousand years. 5 (The rest of the dead did not come to life
until the thousand years were ended.) This is the first resurrection. 6
Blessed and holy are those who share in the first resurrection. The
second death has no power over them, but they will be priests of God and
of Christ and will reign with him for a thousand years. The Judgment of Satan 7
When the thousand years are over, Satan will be released from his
prison 8 and will go out to deceive the nations in the four corners of
the earth—Gog and Magog—and to gather them for battle. In number they
are like the sand on the seashore. 9 They marched across the breadth of
the earth and surrounded the camp of God’s people, the city he loves.
But fire came down from heaven and devoured them. 10 And the devil, who
deceived them, was thrown into the lake of burning sulfur, where the
beast and the false prophet had been thrown. They will be tormented day
and night for ever and ever. The Judgment of the Dead 11
Then I saw a great white throne and him who was seated on it. The earth
and the heavens fled from his presence, and there was no place for
them. 12 And I saw the dead, great and small, standing before the
throne, and books were opened. Another book was opened, which is the
book of life. The dead were judged according to what they had done as
recorded in the books. 13 The sea gave up the dead that were in it, and
death and Hades gave up the dead that were in them, and each person was
judged according to what they had done. 14 Then death and Hades were
thrown into the lake of fire. The lake of fire is the second death. 15
Anyone whose name was not found written in the book of life was thrown
into the lake of fire.Revelation 20:1-15 }, {Eden Restored 1Then
the angel showed me the river of the water of life, as clear as
crystal, flowing from the throne of God and of the Lamb 2 down the
middle of the great street of the city. On each side of the river stood
the tree of life, bearing twelve crops of fruit, yielding its fruit
every month. And the leaves of the tree are for the healing of the
nations. 3 No longer will there be any curse. The throne of God and of
the Lamb will be in the city, and his servants will serve him. 4 They
will see his face, and his name will be on their foreheads. 5 There will
be no more night. They will not need the light of a lamp or the light
of the sun, for the Lord God will give them light. And they will reign
for ever and ever. John and the Angel 6
The angel said to me, “These words are trustworthy and true. The Lord,
the God who inspires the prophets, sent his angel to show his servants
the things that must soon take place.” 7 “Look, I am coming soon! Blessed is the one who keeps the words of the prophecy written in this scroll.” 8
I, John, am the one who heard and saw these things. And when I had
heard and seen them, I fell down to worship at the feet of the angel who
had been showing them to me. 9 But he said to me, “Don’t do that! I am a
fellow servant with you and with your fellow prophets and with all who
keep the words of this scroll. Worship God!” 10
Then he told me, “Do not seal up the words of the prophecy of this
scroll, because the time is near. 11 Let the one who does wrong continue
to do wrong; let the vile person continue to be vile; let the one who
does right continue to do right; and let the holy person continue to be
holy.” Epilogue: Invitation and Warning 12
“Look, I am coming soon! My reward is with me, and I will give to each
person according to what they have done. 13 I am the Alpha and the
Omega, the First and the Last, the Beginning and the End. 14
“Blessed are those who wash their robes, that they may have the right
to the tree of life and may go through the gates into the city. 15
Outside are the dogs, those who practice magic arts, the sexually
immoral, the murderers, the idolaters and everyone who loves and
practices falsehood. 16
“I, Jesus, have sent my angel to give you[a] this testimony for the
churches. I am the Root and the Offspring of David, and the bright
Morning Star.” 17
The Spirit and the bride say, “Come!” And let the one who hears say,
“Come!” Let the one who is thirsty come; and let the one who wishes take
the free gift of the water of life. 18
I warn everyone who hears the words of the prophecy of this scroll: If
anyone adds anything to them, God will add to that person the plagues
described in this scroll. 19 And if anyone takes words away from this
scroll of prophecy, God will take away from that person any share in the
tree of life and in the Holy City, which are described in this scroll. 20 He who testifies to these things says, “Yes, I am coming soon.” Amen. Come, Lord Jesus. 21 The grace of the Lord Jesus be with God’s people. Amen.Revelation 22:1-21 } ). Note:The below link brings you to the False timetable to never consider as a true Timetable; because no body was allowed to know when Time or date that Jesus Christ will the 2nd time come back exactly and precisely.
. UWUMVA IKINYARWANDA SOMA IBI BIKURIKIRA:
ISI IRARANGIYE!YESU ARAJE.INYAMANSWA(PAPA=666)N'IGISHUSHANYO
CYAYO(URUFATANYE RW'AMADINIYOSE MW'ISI=World Religious Alliance )NGO
BARATEGEKA BAHATIRA ABANTU BOSE BATUYE ISI KWICA ISABATO NO KURAMYA IYO
NYAMANSWA N'IGISHUSHANYO CYAYO! NGO BARUHUKE ICYUMWERU!KUVA20:8-11,YESAYA58:13-14. ABANTU BOSE BATUYE IYI SI AMAZINA YABO ATANDITSWE MUGITABO CY'UBUGINGO CYO MW"IJURU BAZAYIRAMYA. SOMA{DANIEL7:1-28,DANIEL8:1-27,DANIEL12:1-13,IBYAHISHUWE13:1-18,IBYAHISHUWE14:1-20}UBUTUMWA BW'ABAMALAYIKA BATATU. ESE IZINA RYAWE NTIRIRANDIKWA MUGITABOCY'UBUGINGO? IHANE
ICYITWA ICYAHA CYOSE WAKOZE(KUVA UKIVUKA)WATURE BURI CYAHA MWIZINA
RYACYO UGISABIRA IMBABAZI KU MANA UKWACYO(KUGIRA NGO IGIHANAGUZE AMARASO
YA YESU KRISTO). HANYUMA UYISABE IKWANDIKE MU GITABO CY"UBUGINGO CYO MWIJURU. IBYAHISHUWE22:1-21. YESAYA61:1-3. NB: PLEASE IF YOU WISH TO DISSEMINATE THIS ARTICLE YOU CAN COPY AND SHARE this link:http://www.africanunionsc.org/2019/08/the-time-wise-people-raise-up-dr.html
There is a fundamental distinction to be made between an apology offered on behalf of an individual and one made on behalf of an institution. Above all, a good apology must be seen as genuine, as an honest appeal for forgiveness. Such apologies are usually best offered in a timely manner, and they consist of the following four parts: an acknowledgment of the mistake or wrongdoing, the acceptance of responsibility, an expression of regret, and a promise that the offense will not be repeated. All of these are missing in your letter from Brother Wilson to Pope Francis.
To acknowledge a transgression, seek forgiveness, and make things right is a complex act. Apologies are prompted by fear, guilt, and love—and by the calculation of personal or professional gain. They are shaped by culture, context, and gender. They can be self-serving or generous and high-minded. And when extended in public, they amount to performances to which different audiences react in different ways. This is not good advice to Brother Wilson or anyone who might take it upon themselves to be the collective conscience of the SDA church.