Click Here to View our Alarm set for You to Start Counting down for 2nd Coming of Our Lord Messiah Jesus Christ our King of 7th Day Holy Sabbath and of All Sealed 7th Day Holy Sabbath Keepers until Tuesday, 15 October 2024 (Chicago time).
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Happy 7th Day Holy Sabbaths in all days to come 2020-15/10/2024-22/10/3024. Dear SDA&NonSDA:
I send You these two Links as Warning please read,repent and share at least to 7 people you love, family members, neighbors and on social medias:
Link: 1)http://www.africanunionsc.org/2020/01/the-great-controversy-application-in.html?m=1
Link:2)http://www.africanunionsc.org/2020/01/22102020-probation-close-like-noahs.html?m=1
Link:3)http://www.africanunionsc.org/2019/12/great-apostasy-of-general-conference-of.html ,
Happy 7th Day Holy Sabbaths in all days to come 2020-15/10/2024-22/10/3024. Dear SDA&NonSDA:
I send You these two Links as Warning please read,repent and share at least to 7 people you love, family members, neighbors and on social medias:
Link: 1)http://www.africanunionsc.org/2020/01/the-great-controversy-application-in.html?m=1
Link:2)http://www.africanunionsc.org/2020/01/22102020-probation-close-like-noahs.html?m=1
Link:3)http://www.africanunionsc.org/2019/12/great-apostasy-of-general-conference-of.html ,
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Therefore, I advise every wide person to seat down and listen to the Audio clips of the Great controversy shared bellow and prepare yourselves to meet the 2021 Mark of the Beast as 2024 ,7 plagues will come and during the 7th plague, Jesus Christ will appear on the Sky, I wish every reader of these articles to receive the Seal of Almighty God"Accepting 7th Day Sabbath to Keep it Holy" and get Your names be written in the Book of the Lamb in Heaven , so that You will not face 7 Plagues , and be lifted to Heaven with Jesus Christ to live eternal life. The End of everything on this Earth is Near, at 01:59', on 15th October , 2024.
Please Worldwide Online visitors to this page, after reading this Article please warn yourself, and go to Tell a friend to Tell an other Friend that Our best Friend our Holy King Our savior SON of MAN SON of Almighty God Jesus Christ our Messiah that He has revealed His Time to come back the 15th October 2024 to take Us to Our reserved Home the Heavenly Canaan and helping Us to leave this corrupted Earth led by Roman Catholic Pontifex Maximus Pope Francis and His All Protestants, Pagan, Catholic , UN and USA Jesuits and all His Allies who are gathering all their forces together to come to their final battle with Jesus Christ from February 2021 preparing to Kill all True Protestants whose 7th Day Sabbath is sealed on their foreheads, those who can never betray their Lord Jesus Christ by accepting to Obey Laudato SI' s SUN-DAY LAND LAWS set to Combat Climate Change by United Nations(UN) and all Worldwide nations' Governments Leaders and with those 177 strongest Worldwide Business Leaders, until they decide to Kills innocents Almighty God's True 7th Day Sabbath Keepers Saints which will become the final Sin for this Deteriorating Earth and its SUN-DAY Allies to be killed all by 7 plagues from 7th February 2024 to 15th October 2024, as there will be none of these supporters of Pope Francis's Laudato SI' SUN-DAY LAND LAWS, None of them will Remain alive on 15th October 2024, 01:59'. Wait and See.
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Article outlines
Jesus Christ was born in Year 0 AD, and From 0 AD to Year 430 AD was the end of freedom of Christian liberty under the initial church of Christianity, and this Year 0 AD became the Year of birth of the Current SON of MAN and King of the 7th Day Holy Sabbath of Revelation 17:14 whose Saints' Priesthood Number is 144000 Sealed and Promised to be communicated the exact Date , Time and Hour of 2nd Coming of their Lord King before to receive the Latter Rain and before the enforcement of International Sunday Law.Early Writings, 1st Vision of Ellen GWhite..
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2.The Year of birth of Pontifex Maximus Papacy"340 A.D"
In the Year 340 AD, the death of Emperor Constantine II marked the transition of the Roman Emperor's Military Power of the Title Pontifex Maximus from the Roman emperor's Military perspective to the Priesthood based Bishop of the Roman Catholic Church to become the Church and State Papacy led by the POPE , and this Year 340 AD became the Year of birth of the Current Beast of revelation 13:18 whose Number is 666.
NB: Happy 7th Day Holy Sabbaths in all days to come 22/10/2020-15/10/2024-22/10/3024.
Dear SDA&NonSDA Jesus Christ is coming very very soon, on 15th October, 2024 :
I send You these three Links as Warning please read,repent and share at least to 7 people you love, family members, neighbors and on social medias:
Link:1)http://www.africanunionsc.org/2020/01/the-great-controversy-application-in.html?m=1
Link:2)http://www.africanunionsc.org/2020/01/22102020-probation-close-like-noahs.html?m=1
Link:3)http://www.africanunionsc.org/2019/12/great-apostasy-of-general-conference-of.html
Time is over! It is Over! Sunday Law comes initiated from United States of America(USA) to be spread to all Nations worldwide, Causing 7 plagues and from Sunday Law enactment in USA it will soon be Over in only 3years 8 months and 15 days to be Over !!!Please repent, repent, repent!!
A short time ago this staid city of London experienced a tempest in a teapot over Sabbath observance. It was proposed to allow the children to use the municipal swimming pool during the sweltering weather we were then having. Immediately there was a ministerial chorus of protest. One reverend Boanerges valiantly declared that they would not rest until they had routed "the hosts of hell." Presumably he saw in apocalyptic vision the infernal armies lined up behind His Worship the Mayor and others in their impious assault on the sanctity of "the Sabbath."The above article was published in the Saturday, September 1st, 1923 edition of The Catholic Record of London, Ontario, Canada, Volume XLV, #2342 and appeared on page 4. As the author of the article was not indicated, it is assumed to have been written by one of the editors. The boldfacing of the one sentence above was my own emphasis, and not that of the author. A facsimile of that portion of the article. The full scanned page is available on the Sources page. The following information appeared on the same page as the article:
Imagine the consternation in the ministerial association and the jubilation amongst the hosts of hell when they read in the London Free Press of this dastardly flank attack on their citadel of sabbatarianism:
"That Sabbath observance in the strict sense of the law of Israel, whether on the traditional or any seventh day, is no concern of the Christian, was the assertion of Rev. J. Marion Smith, of Emmanuel Baptist Church, Toronto, in his evening sermon yesterday at the Talbot Street Baptist Church."
And this under a two-column heading: "Sabbath Observance Not Any Part of Man's Duty as a Christian!" True, Mr. Smith was speaking to the "interogative subject," "Can a Saved Man Be Lost?" That is quite a big subject in itself; but we shall take first his pronouncement on the Sabbath, which evidently struck the reporter and the city editor as the more sensational if not the more important part of the sermon. The report of the Free Press Continues:
"Quoting St. Paul, he declares that making any point of the old Mosaic law a test of righteousness is to accept the full burden of the rules, rituals and customs enjoined by Moses.
" 'In Toronto, for instance', he said, 'there are many who make a great point of Sabbath observance. I do not consider it any part of my duty as a Christian to observe the Sabbath. When Christ came the old law was fulfilled and done away with. Christ was the only being, as a human, who could and did observe the whole law. Of course, as a Christian I observe certain rules of conduct and habit. But that is the matter of personal purity.' "
It will be noted that the last paragraph purports to quote the very words of the preacher.
To the Toronto Star the Rev. Mr. Smith gave an explanatory interview which, though it may tend to allay Sabbatarian indignation, does not claim that he was misreported; indeed he further emphasizes the fact that the Jewish Sabbath and Christian Sunday are quite distinct and separate institutions.
We quote from The Star:
"The Jewish Sabbath is not Sunday, the Lord's Day. Christians are all wrong in speaking of the Sabbath as Sunday." said Mr. Smith. "The Sabbath is not binding upon a Christian as a means of justification from sin," he went on. "The keeping of Sunday, the Lord's day, is quite a different matter, and springs not from any obligation to the Jewish Law, but is the ready response from the heart of the Christian who observes Sunday as a day set aside for worship and rest. This observance is one of the highest privileges of mankind, and it is only reasonable that one-seventh of a man's time should be devoted to special worship and spiritual refreshment."
And further to mollify the critics he added in conclusion:
"One of the greatest blessings of Canada had been due to the strict observance of the Lord's Day. To throw Sunday wide open would be to paralyze much good that is now accomplished and to throw unlimited temptation before the young life of our boys and girls."
The ministers of London who criticize Mr. Smith's sermon left the real crux of the question untouched. And that is not surprising, for on Protestant principles there is no possible explanation of the substitution of the Christian Sunday for the Jewish Sabbath; for this plain abrogation of the express commandment of God as recorded in the Bible.
Protestants reject Divine Tradition, the Unwritten Word, which Catholics accept as of equal authority with the Written Word, the Bible. The Divine authority given by Christ to the Church to teach in His name, to bind and loose, Protestants deny. For them - and it is their boast - the Bible and the Bible alone has Divine authority.
Now in the matter of Sabbath observance the Protestant rule of Faith is utterly unable to explain the substitution of the Christian Sunday for the Jewish Saturday. It has been changed. The Bible still teaches that the Sabbath or Saturday should be kept holy. There is no authority in the New Testament for the substitution of Sunday for Saturday. Surely it is an important matter. It stands there in the Bible as one of the Ten Commandments of God. There is no authority in the Bible for abrogating this Commandment, or for transferring its observance to another day of the week.
For Catholics it is not the slightest difficulty. "All power is given Me in heaven and on earth; as the Father sent Me so I also send you," said our Divine Lord in giving His tremendous commission to His Apostles. "He that heareth you heareth Me." We have in the authoritative voice of the Church the voice of Christ Himself. The Church is above the Bible; and this transference of Sabbath observance from Saturday to Sunday is proof positive of that fact. Deny the authority of the Church and you have no adequate or reasonable explanation or justification for the substitution of Sunday for Saturday in the Third - Protestant Fourth - Commandment of God. As the Rev. Mr. Smith rightly points out: "The Jewish Sabbath is not Sunday, the Lord's Day. Christians are all wrong in speaking of the Sabbath as Sunday." The Christians who so speak are "Bible Christians," those who make the Bible the sole rule of Faith; and the Bible is silent on Sunday observance, it speaks only of Sabbath observance. The Lord's Day - Dies Dominica - is the term used always in the Missal and the Breviary. It occurs in the Bible once (Apoc. 1.10;) in Acts xx. 7 and 1 Cor. xvi., 2 there is a reference to "the first day of the week;" but in none of these is there the remotest intimation that henceforth the first day is to take the place of the seventh. That is the crux of the whole question, what authority does the Bible give for the change? And that difficulty Mr. Smith and his critics, though pious and effusive and vaguely eloquent about many things, have each and all sedulously evaded.
If affects very materially and very intimately the question of the proper observance of the Lord's Day.
In the first centuries the obligation of rest from work remained somewhat indefinite. The Council of Laodicea, held at the end of the fourth century, was content to prescribe that on the Lord's Day the faithful were to abstain from work as far as possible. At the beginning of the sixth century St. Cesarius and others showed an inclination - very familiar to us - to apply the law of the Jewish Sabbath to the Christian Sunday. But the Council of Orleans in 538 reprobated this tendency as Jewish and non-Christian.
Thus by the same Divine authority, in virtue of which she did away with the Jewish Sabbath and substituted therefor the Christian Sunday, the Catholic Church legislated as to how the Lord's Day should be observed.
Due to the exaggerated importance given the Bible after the Reformation and to the influence of Puritanism, the Lord's Day in England and still more in Scotland began to take on all the rigorism of the Jewish Sabbath. That heritage, though somewhat softened, we still have with us. A game of ball where participants and spectators enjoy health-giving rest and recreation in the open air is "desecration of the Sabbath." The swimming pool controversy is another good example. We would not be misunderstood. With much of the activity of the Sabbatarians we are in sympathy. Their insistence on a day of rest being given all workers is admirable. But their muddle-headed confusion of the Lord's Day with the Jewish Sabbath - against which the Rev. Mr. Smith so vigorously protests - finds no sympathy amongst the Catholics who receive the Lord's Day itself as well as its mode of observance from the Church and not from the Bible. It might serve a good purpose if the Sabbatarians would meditate on Mark ii, 23-28. "And it came to pass again, as the Lord walked through the cornfields on the sabbath, that his disciples began to go forward and pluck the ears of corn. And the Pharisees said to Him: Behold why do they on the sabbath-day that which is not lawful? "And He said to them: Have you never read what David did, when he had need, and was hungry himself and they that were with them? How he went into the house of God under Abiathar the high-priest and did eat the loaves of proposition which was not lawful to eat but for the priests, and gave to them who were with him? "And He said unto them: The sabbath was made for man, not man for the sabbath." That is the great principle that is forgotten under the damnosa hereditas of Puritanical sabbatarianism. Our Divine Lord observed the Sabbath; but by word and deed he set Himself against the absurd rigorism that made man the slave of the day. The train of thought and discussion set in motion by the Rev. Mr. Smith if followed up to its logical conclusion should serve a very good and very practical purpose.
THE CATHOLIC RECORD
Publisher & Proprietor, Thomas Coffey, LL. D. The Catholic Record has been approved and recommended by Archbishops Falconio and Sbaretti, late Apostolic Delegates to Canada, the Archbishops of Toronto, Kingston, Ottawa, and St. Boniface, the Bishops of London, Hamilton, Peterborough and Odgensburg, N. Y., and the clergy throughout the Dominion.
Editors - Rev. James T. Foley, D. D. and Thomas Coffey, LL. D.
Associate Editor - H. F. Mackintosh.
Manager - Robert M. Burns.
Anyone wishing to obtain a photocopy of the original newspaper article from microfilm archives can inquire online at the London Ontario Canada Public Library, or call them on the phone at 519-661-4600.
14. ... Catholic doctrine, as authoritatively proposed by the Church, should be held as the supreme law; for, seeing that the same God is the author both of the Sacred Books and of the doctrine committed to the Church, it is clearly impossible that any teaching can by legitimate means be extracted from the former, which shall in any respect be at variance with the latter. Hence it follows that all interpretation is foolish and false which either makes the sacred writers disagree one with another, or is opposed to the doctrine of the Church.
— PROVIDENTISSIMUS DEUS, (On the Study of Holy Scripture), Encyclical of Pope Leo XIII dated November 18th, 1893.
As we know, the Sacred Scriptures are the written testimony of the divine word, the canonical memorial that testifies to the event of Revelation. The Word of God therefore precedes and exceeds the Bible. This is why our faith is not only centred on a book but on a history of salvation and above all on a Person, Jesus Christ, the Word of God made flesh. Precisely because the horizon of the divine word embraces and extends beyond Scripture, to understand it adequately the constant presence of the Holy Spirit is necessary, who “will guide you into all the truth†(Jn 16:13). We must put ourselves in line with the great Tradition which, under the guidance of the Holy Spirit and of the Magisterium, recognized the canonical writings as a word which God addressed to his People and never ceased to meditate on them and to discover their inexhaustible riches.
It follows that the exegete must be attentive to perceiving the word of God present in the biblical texts, fitting them into the Church's faith itself. The interpretation of the Sacred Scriptures cannot only be an individual scientific effort. Rather, it must always be confronted, inserted and authenticated by the living Tradition of the Church. — Pope Francis to the Pontifical Biblical Commission, April 12, 2013.
3.The Year of birth of last days Jesus Christ's Church"1517 A.D"
In the Year 1517 AD, Martin Luther has preached the 1st gospel of being saved from sins by justification through faith of Jesus Christ only not by indulgence. Following the voice heard by Martin Luther instructing Him to never again follow the teachings of the Roman Catholic Church , He began the reformation movement that led to the birth of the 1st vision of Ellen G.White which revealed the role of the 7th Day Holy Sabbath in Sealing the Saints of Almighty God who were given the current mission of Jesus Christ towards proclaiming the 3rd Angel's Message assigned only to the 7th Day Adventist Church in order to bring the people of Almighty God from the falling Roman Catholic Church's False teachings of freedom in breaking the 10 commandments of Almighty God including the 4th Commandment that warn the humanity to keep the 7th Day Sabbath Holy.
THE ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH NOT ONLY CREATED JESUITS PRIESTS TO KILL ,ALSO CREATED A SATANIC PRIEST WHO DEVELOPED A SPIRIT OF SAVING THE COMMON GOOD ON THE FINAL COST OF DEATH PENALTY!!!!!!!!:
St Thomas Aquinas!!!!!
This Roman Catholic Church Priest "Thomas Aquinas" is considered one of the Catholic Church's greatest theologians and philosophers. Pope Benedict XV declared: "This (Dominican) Order ...
acquired new luster when the Church declared the teaching of Thomas to
be her own and that Doctor, honored with the special praises of the
Pontiffs, the master and patron of Catholic schools."[17] The English philosopher Anthony Kenny considers Thomas to be "one of the dozen greatest philosophers of the western world".[18]Quoted from St Thomas Aquinas Articles{Yet St Thomas Aquinas quite definitely considers those with public authority to be a different case. In a previous article, he states the reason for this exception:It is lawful for any private individual to do anything for the common good, provided it harm nobody: but if it be harmful to some other, it cannot be done, except by virtue of the judgment of the person to whom it pertains to decide what is to be taken from the parts for the welfare of the whole.75Those like Brugger who fail to distinguish between what is morally required of and permitted to a private person, and what is morally required of and permitted to public authority, must reject all intentional killing as specifically evil. For Thomas, on the other hand, the presence of public authority makes one act of self-defense specifically different than the other. It is not that it is good for the public official to do something that is evil per se, which would be contradictory, since an act that is evil per se is by definition an act that is never good. Rather, the act of intentional killing is insufficiently specified until we know who is killing and who is killed. Thomas claims that the act of intentionally killing a wrongdoer for the common good is specifically good, but it is only possible to one with authority for the common good. This does not mean that the public official intends the offender’s death for its own sake, an intention that Thomas condemns.76 This in fact would make it an act of hatred, and therefore an evil act. The principle that one with public authority may kill for the common good is operative also in the case of CP: It is lawful to kill an evildoer in so far as it is directed to the welfare of the whole community, so that it belongs to him alone who has charge of the community’s welfare. Thus it belongs to a physician to cut off a decayed limb, when he has been entrusted with the care of the health of the whole body. Now the care of the common good is entrusted to persons of rank having public authority: wherefore they alone, and not private individuals, can lawfully put evildoers to death(7th Day Adventists, 7th Day Holy Sabbath Keepers, Lord's Saints who Keep 10 Commandments fully involving immortals 144.000)!!!!
Quoted from ROMAN CATHOLIC Church's SATANIC Catechism on "II. The Lord's Day"{2188 In respecting religious liberty and the common good of all, Christians should seek recognition of Sundays and the Church's holy days as legal holidays. They have to give everyone a public example of prayer, respect, and joy and defend their traditions as a precious contribution to the spiritual life of society. If a country's legislation or other reasons require work on Sunday, the day should nevertheless be lived as the day of our deliverance which lets us share in this "festal gathering," this "assembly of the firstborn who are enrolled in heaven."125} .
The Other Main Reason, I & You Shouldn't/Never Sign/Support to Unit with Roman Catholic Church"October 31st, 2017", It is because through Their St Thomas Aquinas' Capital Punishment(CP) and the Roman Catholic Moral Tradition and Social Teachings Via their Catechism They Supported and Still Support KILLING HUMAN BEINGS"Civil Disorder"To SAVE THE COMMON GOOD"SUN-DAY LAWS"!!!!!!
|
Thomas Aquinas (/əˈkwaɪnəs/; Italian: Tommaso d'Aquino, lit. 'Thomas of Aquino'; 1225 – 7 March 1274) was an Italian[10][11] Dominican friar, philosopher, Catholic priest, and Doctor of the Church. An immensely influential philosopher, theologian, and jurist in the tradition of scholasticism, he is also known within the latter as the Doctor Angelicus and the Doctor Communis.[12] The name Aquinas identifies his ancestral origins in the county of Aquino in present-day Lazio, Italy. He was the foremost classical proponent of natural theology and the father of Thomism; of which he argued that reason is found in God. His influence on Western thought is considerable, and much of modern philosophy developed or opposed his ideas, particularly in the areas of ethics, natural law, metaphysics, and political theory.
Unlike many currents in the Church of the time,[13] Thomas embraced several ideas put forward by Aristotle—whom he called "the Philosopher"—and attempted to synthesize Aristotelian philosophy with the principles of Christianity.[14]
His best-known works are the Disputed Questions on Truth (1256–1259), the Summa contra Gentiles (1259–1265), and the unfinished but massively influential Summa Theologica aka Summa Theologiae (1265–1274). His commentaries on Scripture and on Aristotle also form an important part of his body of work. Furthermore, Thomas is distinguished for his eucharistic hymns, which form a part of the Church's liturgy.[15] The Catholic Church honors Thomas Aquinas as a saint and regards him as the model teacher for those studying for the priesthood, and indeed the highest expression of both natural reason and speculative theology. In modern times, under papal directives, the study of his works was long used as a core of the required program of study for those seeking ordination as priests or deacons, as well as for those in religious formation and for other students of the sacred disciplines (philosophy, Catholic theology, church history, liturgy, and canon law).[16]
Thomas Aquinas is considered one of the Catholic Church's greatest theologians and philosophers. Pope Benedict XV declared: "This (Dominican) Order ... acquired new luster when the Church declared the teaching of Thomas to be her own and that Doctor, honored with the special praises of the Pontiffs, the master and patron of Catholic schools."[17] The English philosopher Anthony Kenny considers Thomas to be "one of the dozen greatest philosophers of the western world".[18]
*75S.T. II-II, q. 64, a. 3, ad 3.
*76 See, for example, S.T. II-II, q. 43, a. 7, ad 1: “In the infliction of punishment it is not the punishment itself that is the end in view, but its medicinal properties in checking sin; wherefore punishment partakes of the nature of justice, in so far as it checks sin.”
*77S.T. II-II, q. 64, a. 3.}
This Ancient PAGAN Roman Army's Church has a record of Killing not only Jesus Christ on the Cross and Killing all who truly worked for Jesus Christ and with Killing Almighty God's 4th Commandment His Seal the 7th Day Sabbath, it was not sufficient for them to repent from their foundational Criminality their top Sins, from this article the Roman Catholic Church be revealed on its Anti-Christ Physical and Spiritual Property they Categorically Disobey also the 6th God's Commandment "You Shall not kill" They Kill and They put it in their Catechism teach to kill From the Priest St Thomas Aquinas who allows to Kill Protestants in other to save their Common Good"SUN Worship Day!!!!!!", and with that Philosophy, The International SUN-DAY LAND LAWS are going to be punishable in all Nations Worldwide with Death Penalty, to whosoever deny their Ecological SIN which is the Mark of The Beast. Read about the Papacy's Saint Thomas Aquinas on the Death Penalty to Save the Common Good,While The Common Good in the catholic Catechism signifies SUN-DAY OBSERVANCE Worldwide by LAW.
*30 POPE Benedict XVI, “Address to the Diplomatic Corps,” 7 January 2008: “I rejoice that on 18 December last the General Assembly of the United Nations adopted a resolution calling upon States to institute a moratorium on the use of the death penalty, and I earnestly hope that this initiative will lead to public debate on the sacred character of human life.”
*31 For discussion of the doctrinal status of various Church statements on CP, see E. Christian Brugger, “Catholic Moral Teaching and the Problem of Capital Punishment(CP)” Thomist 68 (2004). I will not address this theological question in my paper.
*32C.C.C. 2267, quoting John Paul II, Evangelium Vitae 56.
*33 John Paul II, Encyclical letter Evangelium Vitae (25 March 1995), n. 56. The encyclical quotes the early edition of the new catechism (the English translation was published in 1994). When the Editio Typica was issued in 1997, it included the reference to Evangelium Vitae.
*34E.V. 62 (emphasis in original). The same language is used in C.C.C. 2271.
*35 “Rethinking Capital Punishment,” Catholic Dossier 4.
*36 There is diversity among those who claim that E.V. develops the doctrine of CP, but I focus here on what I take to be the most common interpretation: that the Church is tending toward a condemnation of all intentional killing. This position is maintained by E. Christian Brugger, Germain Grisez, and Gerald V. Bradley, among others.
*37 E. Christian Brugger, Capital Punishment and the Roman Catholic Moral Tradition, 12. See also Brugger’s “Catholic Moral Teaching and the Problem of Capital Punishment,” 41-67, 43.
*38 This passage is an excerpt from a letter written by Cardinal Ratzinger to Fr. Richard Neuhaus and published in “The Public Square,” First Things, no. 56 (October 1995), 83. Cited in Brugger, 12.
*39 Brugger, CP and the RC Moral Tradition, 17-18.
*40 Brugger, CP and the RC Moral Tradition, 37.
*41 Brugger, CP and the RC Moral Tradition, 153.
*42 Brugger, CP and the RC Moral Tradition, 156.
*43 Brugger, CP and the RC Moral Tradition,158.
*44 Brugger, CP and the RC Moral Tradition,159.
*45 Brugger, CP and the RC Moral Tradition,160-161.
*46 Brugger claims that in the case of CP, all the conditions (described in Lumen Gentium) for an infallible exercise of the ordinary and universal magisterium have been met, except the following: “the judgment upon which the bishops agree must be proposed ‘as one that has to be definitively held’ (definitive tenenda) (LG, no. 25).” Brugger, CP and the RC Moral Tradition, 146.
*47 Brugger, CP and the RC Moral Tradition, 161 (emphasis removed).
*48 Brugger, CP and the RC Moral Tradition, 161.
*49 Brugger, CP and the RC Moral Tradition, 162.
*50 Brugger, CP and the RC Moral Tradition, 162.
*51 Brugger, CP and the RC Moral Tradition, 162.
*52 Brugger, CP and the RC Moral Tradition, 165 (footnote omitted).
*53 Finnis says that Aquinas fails “to reply convincingly to the argument that capital punishment, since it involves the intent to kill as a means, is ‘doing evil that good may come’ ...” Finnis, Aquinas, 282.
*54 Brugger, CP and the RC Moral Tradition, 179.
*55 Brugger, CP and the RC Moral Tradition, 34.
*56 John Finnis, Germain Grisez, and Joseph Boyle, “‘Direct’ and ‘Indirect’: A Reply to Critics of our Action Theory,” 43.
*57 Bradley, 161.
*58 Bradley, 161.
*59S.T. I, q. 1, a. 8, ad 2
*60 Brugger, CP and the RC Moral Tradition, 187-88.
*61 See S.T. II-II, q. 64, a. 7.
*62 English trans. Libreria Editrice Vaticana (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops, 2006), n. 468.
*63 Fifth Commandment (n. 280).
*64C.C.C. 2266.
*65 If it did, the sentence should read: Punishment then, in addition to defending public order, has the medicinal purposes: protecting people’s safety and contributing to the correction of the guilty party.
*66S.T. II-II, q.
*68, a. 1. The punishments of eternity are not sought for their own sake, either (see S.T. I-II, q. 19, a. 10, ad 2), but they are sought for the order of which they are a part, rather than for some extrinsic end.
*67C.C.C. 2267.
*68Roman Catechism, 280; S.C.G. III, c. 37, n. 7.
*69S.T. II-II, q. 68, a. 1: “Now the punishments of this life are sought, not for their own sake, because this is not the final time of retribution, but in their character of medicine, conducing either to the amendment of the sinner, or to the good of the commonwealth whose calm is ensured by the punishment of evil-doers.”
*70S.T. II-II, q. 64, a. 2, ad 2.
*71 Brugger, CP and the RC Moral Tradition,12. See also Brugger’s “Catholic Moral Teaching and the Problem of Capital Punishment,” 41-67, 43.
*72S.T. II-II, q. 64, a. 7: “Morales autem actus recipiunt speciem secundum id quod intenditur, non autem ab eo quod est praeter intentionem, cum sit per accidens, ut ex supradictis patet.” See also S.T. II-II, q. 34, a. 3, on the sin of scandal: “The scandal is accidental when it is beside the agent’s intention, as when a man does not intend, by his inordinate deed or word, to occasion another’s spiritual downfall, but merely to satisfy his own will. On such a case even active scandal is not a special sin, because a species is not constituted by that which is accidental.”
*73 Ibid., c.: “Illicitum est quod homo intendat occidere hominem ut seipsum defendat, nisi ei qui habet publicam auctoritatem, qui, intendens hominem occidere ad sui defensionem, refert hoc ad publicum bonum.”
*74 Thomas A. Cavanaugh, “Aquinas’s Account of Double Effect,” The Thomist 61 (1997). {Author: Elinor Gardner}
Quoted from Finally, Spaemann notes that the criminal is never completely bad. This does not mean that we should excuse him of his guilt, but neither should we place all the guilt of society on him. In removing him from our midst, society finds an easy alibi, saying with Cain, am I my brother’s keeper? Spaemann calls us rather to accept the task of being our brothers’ keepers, though this requires the expenditure of money and effort. This task will allow society “itself to perform the expiation, which the murderer owes his victim.”24Spaemann provides us with an example of applying the Thomistic criteria of utility, equity, and custom to the death penalty in a modern context.
E.V. follows the same line of thought in its discussion of the death penalty: On this matter there is a growing tendency, both in the Church and in civil society, to demand that it be applied in a very limited way or even that it be abolished completely. The problem must be viewed in the context of a system of penal justice ever more in line with human dignity and thus, in the end, with God’s plan for man and society. The primary purpose of the punishment which society inflicts is “to redress the disorder caused by the offence.” Public authority must redress the violation of personal and social rights by imposing on the offender an adequate punishment for the crime, as a condition for the offender to regain the exercise of his or her freedom. In this way authority also fulfils the purpose of defending public order and ensuring people’s safety, while at the same time offering the offender an incentive and help to change his or her behaviour and be rehabilitated. It is clear that, for these purposes to be achieved, the nature and extent of the punishment must be carefully evaluated and decided upon, and ought not go to the extreme of executing the offender except in cases of absolute necessity: in other words, when it would not be possible otherwise to defend society. Today however, as a result of steady improvements in the organization ofthe penal system, such cases are very rare, if not practically non-existent. In any event, the principle set forth in the new Catechism of the Catholic Church remains valid: “If bloodless means are sufficient to defend human lives against an aggressor and to protect public order and the safety of persons, public authority must limit itself to such means, because they better correspond to the concrete conditions of the common good and are more in conformity to the dignity of the human person.”33The first thing to be noted about these statements from E.V. and the Catechism is that neither of them rule out the death penalty altogether. However, both texts say that non-lethal punishments are to be preferred. Second, both texts maintain that the death penalty is only licit “in cases of absolute necessity,” or in other words, if it is “the only possible way of effectively defending human lives against the unjust aggressor.” Third, the documents offer a practical observation: that is, the penal system today is such that cases fitting this description “are very rare, if not practically non-existent.” The first principle, that non-lethal punishments are to be preferred to the death penalty, presupposes the legitimacy of CP, though no argument for its legitimacy is offered. Clearly, legitimacy is not the primary concern here. It is helpful to compare the language used in these texts with the language used in the same documents to treat the question of abortion. In reference to “the unspeakable crime of abortion,” the language is unqualified: “direct abortion, that is, abortion willed as an end or as a means, always constitutes a grave moral disorder, since it is the deliberate killing of an innocent human being.”34 In reference to the death penalty, on the other hand, no comparable claim is made; neither E.V. nor the Catechism say that to kill a person as punishment is always a grave moral disorder. Rather, they limit the use of the penalty to cases of “absolute necessity,” and say that such cases now are “very rare, if not practically non-existent.” Yet by admitting that CP may be chosen as a valid means of punishment, however rarely or theoretically, they do not place CP in the category of “grave moral disorder.” A normative claim is being made in these selections: non-lethal punishments should be preferred (“public authority must limit itself to such means” and “ought not go to the extreme of executing the offender except in cases of absolute necessity”). This does not imply that public authorities always do prefer non-lethal means when they have the choice (it seems likely that they do not), but that in principle these means are better in some decisive way, and therefore ought to be preferred. In what way are non-lethal punishments better than the death penalty? The documents give two reasons: “the concrete conditions of the common good” and “the dignity of the human person.” The second principle spells out the limit given in the first principle (that non-lethal punishments are to be preferred): it is licit to choose a lethal punishment when non-lethal means are insufficient “to defend human lives” and “to protect public order and the safety of persons.” If, in some case, the death penalty is the only way to defend lives and protect order, it may be chosen. There seem to be two possible interpretations of thissecond principle: (1) in certain (rare) cases, it is permissible but not necessary to use the death penalty or (2) in certain (rare) cases, it is permissible and necessary to use the death penalty. I think the second interpretation is correct, but it could also be misleading. In a particular case, it is not that one must first determine whether the penalty is permissible in that case, and then whether it is necessary. Rather, its permissibility is determined by its necessity. If, and only if, the penalty is necessary, it is permissible. But this leaves us with a puzzle. If the death penalty is a morally legitimate form of punishment, why should the presumption always be against its use? The puzzle is only confirmed when we consider the many pleas made by John Paul II on behalf of criminals condemned to death and his frequent criticism of the death penalty in speeches, homilies, etc. As moral theologian Janet Smith suggests, it almost seems that John Paul would like to say that CP is intrinsically evil, but either will not or cannot do so: Other Pope-watchers have shared with me their suspicions that Pope John Paul II may well wish he could say that capital punishment is intrinsically evil and thus ought never to be done. Such a position would, of course, be a radical break with traditional Church teaching and thus is unlikely to be true, if not impossible to be true.35Some have answered this puzzle with the idea of a development of Catholic doctrine in regard to CP. In this view, the Church is heading toward an absolute condemnation of CP as per se evil, though she has not yet made a definitive statement to that effect. Thomas’s account is compatible with a relative condemnation of CP, one that says for instance, that other punishments are preferable or that in the present social context, CP ought not be used, but it is incompatible with an absolute condemnation of CP. If the Church is teaching, or at some point in the future does teach that CP is per se evil, then those who accept the authority of the Church must reject Thomas’s account. CFirst Objection: There Has Been a Development of Doctrine on CPSt. Thomas’s teaching on CP defined Church statements on this subject for centuries, but his teaching is notably absent from the two most recent authoritative documents, which mention CP, E.V. and the Catechism. Some have interpreted this absence as a conscious departure from traditional thinking on the death penalty. They read these documents as a “development of doctrine,” pointing toward an absolute condemnation of CP, and indeed of all intentional killing.36The most articulate presentation of the development of doctrine position to date is found in E. Christian Brugger’s book, Capital Punishment and the Roman Catholic Moral Tradition (2003). This careful study deserves our sustained attention, if we are to understand the relationship between Thomas’s teaching and recent Catholic teaching on CP. Brugger begins with the teaching on CP found in the 1997 Catechism, and he then traces Church teaching from apostolic and patristic times through the pontificate of John Paul II. In the final section of the book, he argues that a development of doctrine is takingplace. Brugger makes several important claims in his book: first, that what the Catechism calls poena mortis is not punishment, but collective self-defense; second, that CP is not a morally licit punishment because it is intentional killing, and all intentional killing is morally illicit; and third, that the doctrine of the Catholic Church is developing toward an absolute prohibition of capital punishment. Brugger notes that the 1997 Catechism treats the death penalty under the heading, “Legitimate Defense.” In contrast, the Roman Catechism treats it under the heading “Exceptions to the Fifth Commandment.” Brugger takes this to be a significant move: It is my contention that something new is being said about the morality of capital punishment is sections 2263-2267 of the Catechism of the Catholic Church ... Because the text strictly ties its analysis to a model of self-defense against the wider conceptual backdrop of double-effect reasoning, it is reasonable to conclude (1) that the act referred to in the text as poena mortis is not, precisely speaking, an act of punishment, but an act of collective self-defense by the community against a dangerous internal aggressor, and (2) that capital punishment as well as all acts of legitimate killing should be limited by conditions traditionally used to limitlawful killing in private self-defense.37In other words, Brugger interprets the Catechism as saying that death may not be chosen as a form of punishment, but that in some cases public authority may kill a guilty individual as an act of social self-defense. Brugger contrasts his interpretation of the Catechism with the “plain-face interpretation” offered by, among others, Cardinal Ratzinger: Clearly, the Holy Father [John Paul II] has not altered the doctrinal principles which pertain to this issue as they are presented in the Catechism, but has simply deepened the application of such principles in the context of present-day historicalcircumstances. Thus, where other means for the self-defense of society arepossible and adequate, the death penalty may be permitted to disappear. Such a development, occurring within society and leading to the foregoing of this type of punishment, is something good and ought to be hoped for.38
According to Brugger, on the other hand, the Church teaches in the 1997 Catechism that legitimate defense, whether personal or communal, should be understood using the idea of double effect. “Corporate” defense is subject to the same moral limits as individual self-defense. Commenting on the transition from self-defense to communal defense in the Catechism, Brugger says: Although the context has changed from addressing the needs of an individual to those of a community, and from the right of an individual to defend his own life to the rights and duties of public authority to defend the community for which it is responsible, the context is otherwise the same. We are still referring to the need (previously individual, and now corporate) to repel an aggressor—here including both internal and foreign aggressors—and the requirement that in so doing, only the degree of force necessary to render an aggressor unable to cause harm should be used. The act of legitimate defense here, as before, is an act of self-defense. While section 2265 does not explicitly state that any death following from this act of self-defense must be unintended, the reference to collective self-defense in 2263 requires that this be the meaning of 2265.39
Is CP a legitimate act of collective self-defense? If CP is intentional killing, Brugger’s answer is no. Self-defense is legitimate when it does not intend death. But one necessarily intends death when performing an execution: The lethal nature of the punishment is not ancillary to what is chosen; it is the measure of punishment chosen ... In the case at hand, then, the plan of action very clearly includes the criminal’s death. Until the criminal is dead, the punishment is not complete nor is the disorder redressed. In other words, death is (among other things) what we are trying to bring about ... The intent to kill cannot be separated from capital punishment, whatever other intentions accompany it.40
However, Brugger thinks that the Catechism also uses CP to refer to something else: an act of legitimate defense by society against an internal aggressor in which the death of the offender is not intended. Such might be the case in a hostage situation or a prison riot.
In Part III, “Rethinking the Church’s Traditional Notion of Justifiable Homicide,” Brugger addresses the question of whether CP is the kind of teaching subject to doctrinal development. He notes that doctrines (whether of faith or morals) may be infallibly asserted or non-infallibly asserted.41 For the former, only one kind of development is possible, that which brings about “a fuller and more perfect understanding, and henceverbal expression, of the divine mystery, while all the time maintaining continuity with antecedent principles and types.”42 For non-infallibly asserted teachings, Brugger suggests “that there are two possible patterns of development ... The first I will call development as filtering and reformulating, and the second, development as specification.”43 The first pattern occurs when an assertion contains both true and false propositions. Over time, the false propositions are filtered out, leaving only the true teaching. For an example, Brugger offers the true teaching on reservation of priestly ordination to men alone, which was at one time asserted together with false propositions about the inferiority of women.44By specification, the second pattern of development, Brugger does not mean a particular determination of a more general teaching, as the name might imply. Rather, he means a clarification of ambiguities in a true teaching. For example, if “murder” is taken to mean any deliberate act that foreseeably results in the death of another, then many more acts are characterized as murder than if “murder” is rightly defined as killing the innocent with intent. Development in this instance would mean specifying with increasing precision the nature of the moral acts under consideration, or the language with which the acts have hitherto been described, with the possible result that the sense in which a moral doctrine has been interpreted stands in need of revisions.
45After showing that the teaching on CP has not been asserted infallibly,
46 Brugger argues that the Church is now developing this teaching by filtering and reformulating it, the first mode of development. The filtered teaching put forth in the Catechism then stands in need of clarification, the second mode of development. Brugger proposes, as the traditional teaching of the Church on CP, the following complex assertion A: for human dignity and the common good of society to be honored and preserved, the deliberate crimes—especially grave crimes—of social offenders should be punished, if need be with death. Therefore capital punishment is legitimate and should be defended in the face of those who publicly deny it and/or seek to have it abolished.
47He divides this assertion into four separate propositions: (Y) deliberate crime brings into existence a disorder in civil society, and grave crime, grave disorder; (K) to preserve the conditions for the common good this disorder must be redressed; (L) proportionate punishment can redress this disorder; (M) it is legitimate to impose proportionate punishment upon offenders, including grave punishments on grave offenders; and (Z) the act of killing entailed in lawfully executed capital punishment is legitimate and should not be subsumed under the norm forbidding homicide.
48Brugger suggests that while propositions Y, K, L, and M are true, proposition Z is false and needs to filtered out of complex assertion A, producing a new complex assertion B: The nature of certain offenses is such that an offender could not complain of distributive injustice (i.e., unfairness) if, as punishment, he were deprived of life; yet capital punishment is still wrong, not because it is unfair (in the distributive sense just stated), but because as an act precisely intended to destroy human life it is a violation of inalienable human dignity and hence a violation of the norm singling out and forbidding all such acts. Therefore, although punishing deliberate crime is good and necessary for the maintenance of the common good, non-lethal punishments should always be chosen.
49He concludes, “This is essentially the conclusion that, as I have argued in chapter 1, lies inchoate in the teaching of the Catechism of the Catholic Church.”
50This new assertion depends, of course, on the existence of a norm against all intentional killing. Brugger claims that this norm is contained, at least implicitly, in the 1997 Catechism, but adds that the terms of this teaching, “would need careful specification in order to make clear what kinds of acts are and are not singled out by it as contrary to human good.”51 This he does in his final chapter, entitled “Toward an Ethical Judgment that Capital Punishment is Intrinsically Wrong.” In the first chapter, Brugger presented evidence for his conclusion that the Catechism is doing something new with regard to CP; in this last chapter, he presents the term of this movement: an absolute norm against intentional killing of human persons. Brugger admits, “The Catholic Church has never taught that all intentional killing is wrong,” and that the norm against intentional killing of the innocent is “the model used by Aquinas and by Evangelium Vitae in the formulations of its three most authoritative negative norms.”52 Nonetheless, Brugger wants to formulate a rational account of the norm against intentional killing which he takes to be “inchoate” in the Catechism’s teaching on CP.
Brugger begins by criticizing Thomas’s account, which he rightly takes to be the most developed philosophical defense of CP in the Christian tradition. Brugger’s two main objections are ones that we have seen before. He rejects Thomas’s part-whole defense of CP, and the comparison of sinner to beast. He concludes, in words similar to those of Finnis:53Aquinas’ account fails to respond to the charge that capital punishment, because it is the willful destruction of an intrinsic human good, is wrong per se. In the absence of Aquinas’ arguments for the lawfulness of capital punishment, Catholic tradition (and, for that matter, Western philosophical tradition) has no other philosophical ground from which to argue that the object chosen in a deliberate act of killing the guilty—by the state or any other person—is, morally speaking, fundamentally different from the object chosen in an act of killing the innocent.54According to Brugger, the moral object of an act of execution is the same as the moral object of an act of murder; or in other words, that CP is murder: “Simply put, I cannotwill the death of a human person, any human person, innocent or guilty, with a good will.”55Brugger’s interpretation of the Catechism as implicitly affirming an absolute prohibition of intentional killing is affirmed also by Finnis, Grisez, and Joseph Boyle: The Catechism of the Catholic Church, most plainly in its revised edition—in relation to killing in capital punishment, and war, and in general ... has adopted a position like the one defended for thirty years by Grisez. Killing of human beings is justifiable only insofar as it is not intended. [Footnote: The revised CCC’s entire treatment of cases of justifiable killing is put under the aegis of Aquinas’s distinction between the “double effect” of lethal self-defensive actions that do notintend the killing of the aggressor ...] 56Gerard Bradley agrees with Finnis, Grisez, and Boyle that E.V. and the Catechism aim at an absolute norm, but disagrees about whether CP is thereby ruled out. He includes CP as public defense of society, which is the “same moral species” as private self-defense.57Both seek to “disable aggressors without intending to kill.”58 Brugger makes a similar claim. If Bradley and Brugger are right, however, CP as punishment is ruled out. If the Catechism does presuppose a norm against intentional killing, then for Catholics, this would be a decisive objection to Thomas’s teaching on CP. Response to the First ObjectionIn Chapter IV, I considered the idea of a norm against intentional killing in response to the objections of Grisez and Finnis. I argued that this norm does not follow from a Thomistic understanding of human action and that it has serious philosophical difficulties in its own right. No absolute prohibition of intentional killing can be derived from natural law, as Thomas understood it. Yet even if the natural law contains no such norm, revealed law might. Thomas tells us that “although the argument from authority based on human reason is the weakest, yet the argument from authority based on divine revelation is the strongest.”59The Church teaches authentically on morality as well as faith, but arguments based on what the Church might teach in the future (the end point of a development that is thought to be occurring now) are doubtful. We can only reason about what we knowand not what we might know in the future. Therefore, we can only reason about what has been revealed, and not what might be revealed by the continued working of the Holy Spirit in the Church. The Magisterium has not absolutely condemned capital punishment. If it is not evident from reason that CP is immoral, and if it has not (at least not yet) been revealed to us through the Church’s ever-deepening interpretation on the Word of God, then we have no basis for making such a claim. Still, some have argued that an absolute condemnation of CP is implicit in some Church teachings, and so we must consider whether this is so. Secondly, we must consider whether the Catechism applies double-effect reasoning to CP, as Brugger suggests, as a way of reconciling its new teaching to the tradition. This would mean essentially that while punishing by death is always wrong, what we normally think of as punishment by death is really a kind of self-defense, which is justified because the killing is not what is intended. Brugger admits that the norm against intentional killing is not found in the tradition of Catholic moral theology, but thinks that the norm is implicitly affirmed in the 1997 Catechism: In reformulating the Catholic position on justifiable violence to exclude intentional harm to basic goods, I have tied to develop a systematic and philosophically consistent account of the morally relevant elements of the new position that (I have argued) lies implicit in the teaching of the Catechism of the Catholic Church on capital punishment.60Brugger rightly notes that the 1997 Catechism treats punishment, bearing arms, and self-defense under the heading of “legitimate defense,” and that the use of this category in reference to all three kinds of killing is something new. He takes this new grouping as an indication that the Catechism wants to treat war and capital punishment as specifically similar to self-defense. In itself, the grouping of war, punishment, and self-defense does not say anything about the species of the acts. Previous catechisms, such as the Roman Catechism, treat these topics together, without implying that they are specifically the same kind of act. Thomas, as we saw in Chapter II, treats self-defense, CP, and otherforms of killing together in q. 64, and he clearly does not think they are the same species of act. The Catechism does not say or imply that all kinds of legitimate defense are specifically the same. There may be different species of legitimate defense; the traditional view has at least three: self-defense by private persons, self-defense by persons in public authority, and defense of others by an act of punishment, which are all specifically different.61 After addressing self-defense, section 2266 introduces civil punishment: The efforts of the state to curb the spread of behavior harmful to people’s rightsand to the basic rules of civil society correspond to the requirement of safeguarding the common good. Legitimate public authority has the right and duty to inflict punishment proportionate to the gravity of the offense. Punishment has the primary aim of redressing the disorder introduced by the offense. When it is willingly accepted by the guilty party, it assumes the value of expiation. Punishment then, in addition to defending public order and protecting people’s safety, has a medicinal purpose: as far as possible, it must contribute to the correction of the guilty party. Several concepts are introduced in this paragraph, which were not part of the explanation of self-defense: safeguarding the common good, legitimate public authority, and the presence of a guilty party. The Compendium of the Catechism of the Catholic Churchexpands on this definition: “A punishment imposed by legitimate public authority has the aim of redressing the disorder introduced by the offense, of defending public order and people’s safety, and contributing to the correction of the guilty party.”62 The Compendium and the Catechism essentially affirm the teaching of the Roman Catechism, with the additional emphasis on correction. The Roman Catechism says that civil punishments tend to “the preservation and security of human life ... by repressing outrage and violence.”
63The Catechism and the Compendium provide no reference for their statements about the primary end of punishment. Yet of the four quotations in the section on “Legitimate Defense,” two are from the Summa Theologiae. More importantly, the Catechism reaffirms Thomas’s view that punishment is directed primarily toward redressing disorder, and secondarily toward “the correction of the guilty party.”64 That is, an act is penal insofar as its object is to redress disorder produced by an offense. This is a general definition of punishment, applying alike to eternal and temporal penalties; therefore, paragraph 2266 goes on to specify civil punishment: “in addition to defending public order and protecting people’s safety, [punishment] has a medicinal purpose: as far as possible, it must contribute to the correction of the guilty party.” The text indicates that the correction of the wrongdoer is an additional purpose of punishment, distinct from the defense of public order. However, “protecting people’s safety” is here presented along with “defending public order,” whereas the preceding sentence simply gave “redressing the disorder introduced by the offense” as the primary purpose of punishment. The Catechism does not make the protection of public safety a medicinal end of punishment,
65like the reform of the wrongdoer, but includes it with the primary end of redressing disorder. The most reasonable interpretation is that “protecting people’s safety” is a part of, or the specification of, “defending public order.” As we have seen, Thomas describes different levels of order: the order within a man’s soul, the civil order, the order of the universe as a whole. The phrase “protecting people’s safety,” specifies how civil punishment goes about redressing disorder. Unlike eternal punishment, it does not redress disorder perfectly. It does not give to each exactly what his acts deserve in respect to the order of the universe. Civil punishment redresses only civil disorder. Thomas observes that only eternal punishments are retributive in an absolute sense. Man’s punishments, including those of the state, “are sought, not for theirown sake, because this is not the final time of retribution, but in their character of medicine, conducing either to the amendment of the sinner, or to the good of the commonwealth whose calm is ensured by the punishment of evil-doers.”
66Paragraph 2267 brings all three of the above-mentioned characteristics of punishment to bear on its treatment of the death penalty. Paragraph 2267 begins by “[a]ssuming that the guilty party’s identity and responsibility have been fully determined.” The presence of public authority is mentioned in the second sentence, as is the common good: If, however, non-lethal means are sufficient to defend and protect people’s safety from the aggressor, authority will limit itself to such means, as these are more in keeping with the concrete conditions of the common good and more in conformity to the dignity of the human person. Thus, all the elements that are characteristic of punishment in the Catechism’streatment are also present in its treatment of CP, implying that CP is being considered precisely as a punishment. What about the Catechism’s assertion (2267) that CP is licit if it is “the only possible way of effectively defending human lives against the unjust aggressor”? Does this indicate a rejection of the public order justification in the case of CP? This simply does not follow, especially when we consider that paragraph 2266 identified protecting people’s safety as at least one part of defending public order. The Catechism does imply that it is illicit for public officials to use the death penalty simply as retribution. They must consider whether a lethal punishment is necessary to defend human lives. If necessary—that is, if the available non-lethal punishments would be insufficient to defend human lives—then public authority may rightly choose CP. This kind of decision-making is obviously subject to many contingencies. Non-lethal punishments may turn out to be ineffective in cases when they were thought to be adequate, and lethal punishments may be thought necessary in cases when they are not. The possibility of error does not make it impossible to make a moral judgment. Practical knowledge, since it depends on particulars, not all of which can be known by the human agent, does not have the same certainty that speculative knowledge has, but it is nonetheless knowledge.
Brugger is mistaken in thinking that because the Catechism stresses the secondary or specific justification of the death penalty, it rejects the primary or general justification for punishment. The Catechism’s reasoning on CP is similar to the reasoning used to justify private self-defense in its insistence that lethal force is a last resort (“the only possible way of defending human lives”). But while private self-defense only presupposes that the aggressor represents a serious and immediate threat, CP presupposes not only that the aggressor represents a threat, but that the aggressor has already committed some offense: “Assuming that the guilty party’s identity and responsibility have been fully determined, the traditional teaching of the Church does not exclude recourse to the death penalty.”
67 The Catechism does not deny that the death penalty may be used as punishment, but it adds that this punishment ought to be used only when necessary for the defense of society. The idea of CP as a kind of defense is not new; the tradition also sees CP as a way in which society defends itself from threats and preserves innocent human lives. For what is meant by defense of society, if not something very like the “preservation and security of human life” and “freedom from external disorders”?
68 What is new is the judgment that at the present time, situations in which CP is necessary to defense of society are rare. The Catechism does not deny the retributive justification for CP, but it emphasizes the secondary justification, defense of society. So both Aquinas and the Catechism make retribution a necessary, but not a sufficient condition for the just use of CP. Punishment presupposes guilt (the primary, retributive justification), he says, but the punishments of this life are further characterized by their medicinal quality. Not only must the criminal be guilty of a grave crime, he must present a grave threat to the common good, in order for CP to be justified. Because this world is not the stage for perfect retribution,69 the death penalty is only used to remove those offenders who are a grave threat to the civil community: “human justice ... puts to death those who are dangerous to others, while it allows time for repentance to those who sin without grievously harming others.”70The second part of Brugger’s development of doctrine position is the association of CP with the principle of double effect. In his treatment of the Catechism, Brugger suggests that the death penalty may be justified not as a punishment, but as social self-defense: Because the text [of the Catechism]strictly ties its analysis to a model of self-defense against the wider conceptual backdrop of double-effect reasoning, it is reasonable to conclude (1) that the act referred to in the text as poena mortis is not, precisely speaking, an act of punishment, but an act of collective self-defense by the community against a dangerous internal aggressor, and (2) that capital punishment(CP) as well as all acts of legitimate killing should be limited by conditions traditionally used to limit lawful killing in private self-defense.
71The application of double effect to CP is problematic for two reasons: it is philosophically untenable, and it is not supported by the text of the Catechism.Brugger stretches the idea of double effect beyond its reasonable application. He maintains that sometimes CP describes an act of collective self-defense, which does not include death as an intention. This is not a reasonable use of double-effect. The source of double-effect reasoning is the article on self-defense in S.T. II-II, q. 64. Thomas argues there that killing in self-defense is sometimes licit. He gives the principle, “Moral acts receive their species according to what is intended, but not from that which is praeter intentionem.”
72 Death may result from an act of proportional self-defense by a private person, and death in this case is praeter intentionem. Since he has said that what is praeter intentionem does not give species to the moral act, it follows that in an act of private self-defense, the killing of the attacker does not determine the moral species. In the same article, he concludes, “A man may not lawfully intend to kill a man in order to defend himself, except for him who has public authority, who, intending to kill a man in self-defense, refers this to the public good.”73 While a private person may not intend to kill a man, he may use potentially lethal forms of self-defense. As one recent commentator puts it, “he may knowingly risk the assailant’s life by defending himself with such force that the aggressor’s death, if it results, would be one of the foreseeable characteristic consequences of the self-defensive act.”
74Yet Thomas quite definitely considers those with public authority to be a different case. In a previous article, he states the reason for this exception: It is lawful for any private individual to do anything for the common good, provided it harm nobody: but if it be harmful to some other, it cannot be done, except by virtue of the judgment of the person to whom it pertains to decide what is to be taken from the parts for the welfare of the whole.75Those like Brugger who fail to distinguish between what is morally required of and permitted to a private person, and what is morally required of and permitted to public authority, must reject all intentional killing as specifically evil. For Thomas, on the other hand, the presence of public authority makes one act of self-defense specifically different than the other. It is not that it is good for the public official to do something that is evil per se, which would be contradictory, since an act that is evil per se is by definition an act that is never good. Rather, the act of intentional killing is insufficiently specified until we know who is killing and who is killed. Thomas claims that the act of intentionally killing a wrongdoer for the common good is specifically good, but it is only possible to one with authority for the common good. This does not mean that the public official intends the offender’s death for its own sake, an intention that Thomas condemns.76 This in fact would make it an act of hatred, and therefore an evil act. The principle that one with public authority may kill for the common good is operative also in the case of CP: It is lawful to kill an evildoer in so far as it is directed to the welfare of the whole community, so that it belongs to him alone who has charge of the community’s welfare. Thus it belongs to a physician to cut off a decayed limb, when he has been entrusted with the care of the health of the whole body. Now the care of the common good is entrusted to persons of rank having public authority: wherefore they alone, and not private individuals, can lawfully put evildoers to death.7
4.The year of the birth of the last days Satan's Babylon Church"2017 A.D"
a)In the Year 2017 AD, Pope Francis initiated the Global Satanic Babylon Church. The Church was created by representatives of different Global Protestant Churches witnesses who participated in developing the Satanic Confession together under a false Unity, after confession as a sin a useful reformation movement initiated by Jesus Christ through Martin Luther in the year 1517 AD.
b)– A Reforming Catholic Confession – This was titled as A “Mere Protestant” Statement of Faith to mark the 500th anniversary of the Reformation. However, this confession had intention to witness a great regret by the Worldwide Leading Organizations of Protestants Churches that regretted the separation of Martin Luther from the Catholic Church in Year 1517 AD , which signified their Confession of SIN of having separated themselves from the Mother Roman Catholic Church teachings , and that was the only reason why to confess that separation had to involve all worldwide Protestants Churches Global Representatives who made the 31st October 2017 a purely Great Apostasy ever happened in the History of Christianity by producing Total 1457 Signatures (Read more about signatories' names online from the main source) from pure worldwide variety of notable Global Protestants Churches to bring Unity of Global Protestants churches with Roman Catholic Churches under the common shared believe enclosed in the document called"THE REFORMING CATHOLIC CONFESSION, WHAT WE, PROTESTANTS OF DIVERSE CHURCHES AND THEOLOGICAL TRADITIONS, SAY TOGETHER “We believe…read more from the main source site online”.
c) EXPLANATION given by Babylon Church Initiating Worldwide Protestant Church Representatives on 31st October , 2017: A HISTORICAL & THEOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE Why we say what we say INTRODUCTION: A REFORMATION TO LAUD, LAMENT, OR LONG FOR?
d)Adventist & Religions RING 4 Peace Pledged To Protect "MOTHER EARTH" Pope Laudato Si To Save Planet
e)Adventist Interfaith Habitat For Humanity SUNday Service. Worship Krishna, Allah, Bhudda, Mormon
f)Pope SDA Conference Call Adventists A Fringe, Extremists, Fanatics For Crying Out Against Ecumenism
g)Adventist Conference Papacy Babylon & Christmas Pagan A MYTH. Birthday of SUN god. Old Nick is SATAN
h)SDA General Conference Religious Freedom SMOKESCREEN;Pope Homophobic Nazism;Baptist LGBT CORNERSTONE
i)"Tell the World",SIGNS OF THE TIMES,2024,The Second Coming of Jesus Christ, Cleansing of Earth with Fire in 3024 and The New Earth.Please Help To Spread This Word.
J)Adventist GC NKJV New Age Bible, AdventHealth Using REIKI UNIVERSAL ENERGY. Pope:Mary Gate of Heaven
k)Adventist Ganoune Diop Singing Catholic Mass Song Honoring The Pope. Omega of Apostasy
L)Adventist General Conference IS A Catholic Ministry. Ecumenism Ganoune Diop Pope & His Jesuit Friend
M)Pope SDA Conference Call Adventists A Fringe, Extremists, Fanatics For Crying Out Against Ecumenism
N)Adventists & Harlot Daughters of Rome ECUMENICAL Gospel Choir At All Saints Catholic Church MASS
O)Canada Adventist Conference MESSENGER "HAPPY DIWALI" Worship Krishna & Hindu goddesses. Obey LGBT
P)Adventist Hospitals Sabbath GOAT YOGA;Church Offers Children to Illuminati BATHOMET;New Organization
R)Adventists SCIENTOLOGY Declare With Witches, Pagans, Catholics UNITED WE STAND. Pope Bible SUNday
S)Adventist Interfaith Habitat For Humanity SUNday Service. Worship Krishna, Allah, Bhudda, Mormon
T)Adventist Conference Papacy Babylon & Christmas Pagan A MYTH. Birthday of SUN god. Old Nick is SATAN
U)Christmas for Peace, Church & State.Protestants Banned it,Too Pagan & Popish.Golden Girdle.Gird Up!
V)Pope’s Meaning of Proselytism Not Christian.JW Banned,SDA Next.Beta-Testing in Russia.MultiColor Hem
W)Spies & Spy Agencies Persecute WhistleBlowers,SDA Next.Baptism of Spirit,Last Sabbath of 2019/Decade
Z)Philippe:Abayobozi bakuru b'itorero ry'Abadiventiste b'Umunsi wa7, Bahuje Itorero na ROMA,31/10/2017
5.The Great Apostasy of General Conference of 7th Day Adventist (SDA) Church was revealed when they confessed their original assignment of preaching the 3rd Angel's message and the great controversy between Jesus Christ and SATAN as a SIN to the Roman Catholic Church on 31st October 2017.
a)This year 2017 , is the same Year that puts an end on the proclamation of the 3rd Angel's message on the public pulpits of all 7th day Adventist Churches Worldwide , particularly from the Churches that are controlled by the 7th Day Adventist General Conference.
b)Seventh Day Adventist Church Hijacked By The General Conference Ted Wilson, Diop Ecumenical Apology
c)However, at least 1.2354152367% Signatures of 7th Day Adventist Global Churches were sufficient for SATAN and His PAPACY Power to accept the confession of 7th Day Adventist General Conference confirming their dedicated Power of Preaching the 3rd Angel's Message from Jesus Christ to SATAN and His Universal Power the Roman Catholic Papacy to Unit the 7th Day Adventist Churches with SATANIC Teachings from ROMAN CATHOLIC PAGAN BASED RITUALS, under Leadership of Pastor Ted Wilson and Pastor Ganoune Diop ,by allowing the Appearance of the Representatives of the denomination of the 7th day Adventist General Conference.
d)Surprisingly, the delegated representatives of Worldwide 7th Day Adventist General Conference Churches who keep SATURDAYS as True Protestants who are supposedly should teach others to Obey the Commandments of Almighty God including the 4th commandment of keeping 7th Day Sabbath Holy, on 31st October 2017 have decided to Join other Worldwide Apostate Protestants who disobey Almighty God's commandments by keeping SUNDAYS which represent the Mark of the Beast mentioned by Jesus Christ Himself in the mission He assigned the 7th day Adventist Church as to be preaching the rest of the Worldwide Churches the 3rd Angel's Message.
e)Among others, those who signed for the Papacy are :
1. James A. Ayars Pastor Seventh-day Adventist United States
2. Deyvid de Souza Vilela Seventh-Day Adventist Church Brazil
3. Andrew Tryer Head elder Venture Seventh Day Adventist United States
3. Rey Evano Seventh Day Adventist United States
4. Dr. Nicholas Miller Professor of Church History Andrews University - Adventist Seminary United States
5. Michael W. Campbell Associate Professor Adventist International Institute of Advanced Studies/Seventh-day Adventist Philippines
6. Eric A Korff Retired Seventh-day Adventist United States
7. James A. Ayars Pastor Seventh Day Adventist United States (Name repeated in the original list)
8. Sergio A. Caishpal Associate Pastor Seventh-day Adventist Church United States
9. Donna L Wessel Seventh Day Adventist United States
10. James A.Ayars Pastor Seventh-day Adventist United States(Name repeated in the original list)
11. Nichols Miller Professor Andrews University Adventist United States
12. Christopher Pitta Pastor (retired) Seventh-day Adventist United Kingdom
13. Hubertus Murk Member Seventh Day Adventist Netherlands
14. Jose Maria Dos Santos Adventista Adventista do Setmo Dia Brazil
15. James A. Alves Ancion Adventist se vem day Argentina
16. James A. Nilson Presidente Adventist se vem day Argentina
17. Dr. John C. Peckham Assoc. Professor of Theology & Christian Philosophy Andrews University United States,
While following their current positions given on the original list they Count 1.2354152367% of all protestants counting 1457.(Surprisingly On Mar 22nd In the year 1457 Gutenberg Bible became the first printed book, while the Roman Catholic Church Pope Francis decided to use an exact Number of Signatures equal to the Year of the 1st New testament printed in Gutenberg , which contributed much in the protestants' reformation process)
This Great Apostasy of General Conference of SDA is leading to the punishment of Almighty God to the whole Church of the SDA worldwide , where all its members who will not confess their individuals sins before the year 2021 will be surrendered in the hands of their enemies the Jesuits who will revenge themselves to fulfill the prophecy of Daniel 8:10-13 following the Repetition Model.Daniel 8:10-13“And an host was given him against the daily sacrifice by reason of transgression, and it cast down the truth to the ground; and it practised, and prospered.”
6. This Year 2017 was reserved by Almighty God to generate the New Prophetic Number "1177=1000+177"for this time.
The 7th Day Adventist Churches' General Conference thereafter has decided to reject Jesus Christ's 3rd Angel's Message and the Spirit of Prophecy given by Jesus Christ Himself to Ellen G. White basing on the William Miller's Great Advent movement in the Year 1844, and basing again on the 1st Vision of Ellen G. White that revealed the Truth of the Seal of Almighty God which is the 7th Day Holy Sabbath in the Year 1847 .
Therefore, through this Great Apostasy of October 31st, 2017 admitted by the 7th Day Adventist Global Churches Representatives under the power of delegation from the 7th Day Adventist General Conference , that apostasy will thereafter bring the curse fro Almighty God to this transgression of uniting the Holy Church of Almighty God the 7th Day Adventist Church that Almighty God Himself created through the small group of Ellen G.White and other pioneers which its initiation is based on the 1st Vision He provided to Ellen G. White in the Year 1847.
To Unit the Global Leadership of 7th Day Adventist Churches with Apostate Protestants Churches to betray the fundamental duties of the 7th Day Adventist Churches of proclaiming the 3rd Angel's Message in the Leadership of SATAN represented by the Roman Catholic Church, this is takes the Year 2017 in the same trouble of repetition of the destroying SODOM and Gomorrah with all living people inside the City of SATAN the Roman Catholic New O World Order that practiced the same SIN of forcing men to men Sexual fornication in an other form as NATIONAL SUNDAY LAWS enforcement to all the Members of 7th Day Adventist Churches worldwide as also enforcing to support the current LGBT.
The Significance of the Sabbath was Revealed to James and Ellen White in 1847: {they took their stand purely from the scriptural evidence to which their minds had been directed in the Bates tract. Then on the first Sabbath in April, 1847, seven months after they began to keep and teach the Seventh-day Sabbath, the Lord gave a vision to Mrs. White at Topsham, Maine, in which the importance of the Sabbath was stressed. She saw the tables of the law in the ark in the heavenly sanctuary, and a halo of light about the fourth commandment. See pages 32-35 for the account of this vision. The position previously taken from the study of the word of God was confirmed. The vision also helped to broaden the believer's concept of Sabbath observance. In this revelation, Mrs. White was carried down to the close of time and saw the Sabbath as the great testing truth on which men decide whether to serve God or to serve an apostate power. Looking back in 1874 to this experience, she wrote: “I believed the truth upon the Sabbath question before I had seen anything in vision in reference to the Sabbath. It was months after I had commenced keeping the Sabbath before I was shown its importance and its place in the third angel's message.”—E. G. White Letter 2, 1874.}
7. Therefore, Following the Repetition Model, Almighty God has fulfilled His promise to tell the Saints the exact Day and Hour of the 2nd Coming of Jesus Christ after the falling of 7 plagues ,Revelation 16:1-21
a) Before Almighty God pours the Latter Rain , there must come an event that Almighty god has Promised in the 1st Vision He gave to Ellen G. White of giving the voice of God like many waters(read about this voice in Revelation 14:1-5), which gave us the day and hour of Jesus’ coming, and that must preceded the enforcement of the Mark of the Beast that must come in 2021; while the mark of the beast is the enforcement of the NATIONAL SUNDAY LAWS that must begin from United States of America(USA) after modifying its Constitution to form the Image of the Beast by including Church and Sate Unification LAWS and to be continued to the rest of the World to fulfill the Bible Prophecy in Revelation 13:11-18.
b) Abraham Pleaded for Sodom Genesis 18:16-22{ 16.When the men got up to leave, they looked down toward Sodom, and Abraham walked along with them to see them on their way. 17. Then the Lord said, “Shall I hide from Abraham what I am about to do? 18. Abraham will surely become a great and powerful nation, and all nations on earth will be blessed through him.[c] 19. For I have chosen him, so that he will direct his children and his household after him to keep the way of the Lord by doing what is right and just, so that the Lord will bring about for Abraham what he has promised him.” 20. Then the Lord said, “The outcry against Sodom and Gomorrah is so great and their sin so grievous 21. that I will go down and see if what they have done is as bad as the outcry that has reached me. If not, I will know.” 22. The men turned away and went toward Sodom, but Abraham remained standing before the Lord.[d] 23. Then Abraham approached him and said: “Will you sweep away the righteous with the wicked? 24. What if there are fifty righteous people in the city? Will you really sweep it away and not spare[e] the place for the sake of the fifty righteous people in it? 25. Far be it from you to do such a thing—to kill the righteous with the wicked, treating the righteous and the wicked alike. Far be it from you! Will not the Judge of all the earth do right?” 26. The Lord said, “If I find fifty righteous people in the city of Sodom, I will spare the whole place for their sake.” 27. Then Abraham spoke up again: “Now that I have been so bold as to speak to the Lord, though I am nothing but dust and ashes, 28. what if the number of the righteous is five less than fifty? Will you destroy the whole city for lack of five people?” “If I find forty-five there,” he said, “I will not destroy it.” 29. Once again he spoke to him, “What if only forty are found there?” He said, “For the sake of forty, I will not do it.” 30. Then he said, “May the Lord not be angry, but let me speak. What if only thirty can be found there?” He answered, “I will not do it if I find thirty there.” 31. Abraham said, “Now that I have been so bold as to speak to the Lord, what if only twenty can be found there?” He said, “For the sake of twenty, I will not destroy it.” 32. Then he said, “May the Lord not be angry, but let me speak just once more. What if only ten can be found there?” He answered, “For the sake of ten, I will not destroy it.” 33. When the Lord had finished speaking with Abraham, he left, and Abraham returned home.}
1177=1000+177,
In this 1st Vision of Ellen G. White, It is where this calculation of Principal Repetition Number(PRN) 1177 PRN is basing, As on this promise Almighty God has promised the whole world to reveal the exact date and time of 2nd coming of Jesus Christ,this supports what Jesus Christ said himself when He was still on this Earth, He said no one knows the exact time of His return as His 2nd Coming, except our Holy Father the Almighty God , and now this time Almighty God is Himself allowing the Whole World to benefit from His promise that He has given to Ellen G.White on Her 1st Vision , referenced in the book entitled Early Writings below, as the Voice of Almighty God has to pass through out His prepared 144.000 Saint and by Faith , with this new discovered PRN 1177{ This Number brought a discovering of Historical based chronology that brings the same warning and exact warning for an event initiated by William Miller expected to happen on October 22, 1844, it is going to happen on October 15th-22nd 2024, listen to this audio on YouTube, with the same challenges faced nowadays :18.[The Great Controversy: Chapter (18) An American Reformer.](Kinyarwanda),}, taken from the date of Great Apostasy of His former representative of His True Theocracy the General Conference of 7th Day Adventist Church, on 31 October 2017 as joined other Worldwide Representatives of Worldwide Protestants to sign all 1457 Signatures, with this Number 1457 makes the Year {1457 A.D, with which the Fust–Schöffer shop was the first in Europe to bring out a book with the printer's name and date, the Mainz Psalter of August 1457, and while proudly proclaiming the mechanical process by which it had been produced, it made no mention of Gutenberg. While following their current positions all Protestants who signed to End Protestantism on this World were given on the original list with whom 7th Day Adventists Signatories among others Count 1.2354152367% of all protestants counting 1457.(Surprisingly On Mar 22nd In the year 1457 A.D Gutenberg Bible that followed the 1st Bible written in English by John Wycliffe in 1328-1384 which became the first printed book, while the Roman Catholic Church Pope Francis decided to use an exact Number of Signatures equal to the Year of the 1st New testament printed in Gutenberg , which contributed much in the protestants' reformation process)} of earlier Start Year of Reformation started when the 1st Holy Bible was finished and was initially worldwide distributed by John Wycliffe(Listen to this Audio from YouTube: 5.[The Great Controversy: Chapter (5) John Wycliffe.](Kinyarwanda), ) from United Kingdom , which clearly shows the main reason why the Roman Catholic Church considered this number linked to the Bible book prints out in Europe 1457 to become the total signatures to signify the total extermination of movements of reformation that started with 1st Holy Bible that was printed and disseminated , which permitted individual readers to discover how much the Roman Catholic Church in that ears was a purely Satanic Power to demean the Power of being Saved from Sins by only the Blood of Jesus Christ as known as to be Justified by Faith in Jesus Christ beyond saving people from their Sins through selling and buying INDULGENCES in order to obtain Almighty God's Mercy and forgiveness as it was the main doctrinal teaching of the Roman Catholic Church Pontifex Maximus, and still from 31 October 2017 has get victory over the whole world again to get all these 1457 protestants Signatures that confirm their Unification back to the Roman Catholic Satanic Teachings , soon that will lead to the enforcement of Laudato SI' s SUN-DAY to every Human being , without considering their Innate Rights to use self consciousness of deciding which Day to Rest and worship Almighty God, while this was reserved by SATAN using Roman Catholic Pope Francis to write Laudato Si' 237 and enforce all Nations to implement it on all worldwide national levels , as a Day of Rest and Worship by Nations' Enforced Laws, as it will be followed by a Death Penalty in order to safeguard Catechism's Common Good.
{Daniel 9:26-27: Total Signature Count: 1457 Initial Signatories:
Dr. Gwenfair Walters Adams Associate Professor of Church History Gordon Conwell Theological Seminary United States Dr. Kimberly Ervin Alexander Associate Professor Regent University School of Divinity United States Dr. Mark Allen Chairman, Dept. of Biblical Studies School of Divinity, Liberty University United States Dr. Gregg Allison Professor of Christian Theology Southern Baptist Theological Seminary United States Dr. Leith Anderson President National Association of Evangelicals United States Dr. Jerry Andrews Senior Pastor First Presbyterian Church, San Diego United States Dr. Clinton E. Arnold Dean/Professor of New Testament Studies Talbot School of Theology / Biola Univ United States Dr. Bill T. Arnold Professor of Old Testament Asbury Theological Seminary United States Dr. Bruce Riley Ashford Jr. Provost Southeastern Baptist Theological Seminary United States Dr. David Baggett Professor of Philosophy Liberty University United States Dr. Mark Bailey President Dallas Theological Seminary United States Dr. Jay Barnes President Bethel University United States Dr. John D. Basie Provost Erskine College United States Dr. A. D. Beacham Jr. General Superintendent International Pentecostal Holiness Church United States Dr. Gayle Beebe President Westmont College United States Dr. J. Todd Billings Research Professor of Reformed Theology Western Theological Seminary United States Dr. Michael Bird Lecturer Ridley College Australia Dr. Doug Birdsall former Int'l Director of Lausanne United States Dr. Robert D. Blackaby President Canadian Baptist Seminary and College Canada Dr. Henri Blocher Professor Emeritus of Systematic Theology Faculté Libre de Théologie Évangélique de Vaux-sur-Seine France Dr. Craig Blomberg Professor of New Testatment Denver Seminary United States Dr. Darrell Bock Research Professor of New Testament Dallas Theological Seminary United States Dr. Mark Boda Professor of Old Testament McMaster Divinity School, McMaster Unviversity Canada Dr. Pietro Bolognesi Professor of Systematic Theology Evangelical Church of Padua Italy Dr. Gerald Bray Professor of Historical Theology Knox Theological Seminary United States Dr. Brian Brock Reader in Moral and Practical Theology School of Divinity, History and Philosophy, Univ. of Aberdeen United Kingdom Rev. Walter Brunelli Author/Pastor Assembleia de Deus Bereana (Berean Assembly of God), Sao Paulo Brazil Dr. Michael Bryant Exec. Vice President Charleston Southern University United States Dr. Hans Burger Asst. Professor of Systematic Theology Theological University Kampen Netherlands Rev. Richard Burnett Executive Director Theology Matters United States Dr. David Buschart Assoc. Dean/Professor of Theology & Historical Studies Denver Seminary United States Dr. Chris Castaldo Lead Pastor New Covenant Church United States Rev. Matt Chandler Teaching pastor The Village Church United States Dr. Kiyeong Chang Lecturer Seoul Theological University South Korea Dr. Joshua Chatraw Executive Director Center for Apologetics & Cultural Engagement, Liberty Univ. United States Dr. Chris Chun Chair/Professor of Church History Div. of Historical & Theol. Studies/Gateway Seminary United States Dr. Sung-Wook Chung Professor of Theology Denver Seminary United States Dr. Gregory S. Clapper Professor of Religion & Philosophy The University of Indianapolis United States Dr. John Coffey Professor University of Leicester United Kingdom Graham Cole Dean & Vice President Trinity Evangelical Divinity School United States Dr. Kenneth J. Collins Professor of Historical Theology & Wesley Studies Asbury Theological Seminary United States Dr. Tim Cooper Assoc. Professor of Church History University of Otago New Zealand Dr. Barry H. Corey President Biola University United States Dr. Dale Coulter Associate Professor of Historical Theology Regent University United States Dr. William Lane Craig Professor of Philosophy Houston Baptist University United States Dr. Oliver Crisp Professor of Systematic Theology Fuller Theological Seminary United States Mr. Michael Cromartie Vice President Ethics and Public Policy Center, Washington DC United States Dr. Alan Cureton President University of Northwestern United States Dr. Charlie Dates Senior Pastor Progressive Baptist Church United States Dr. George Davis Senior Pastor Hershey Evangelical Free Church United States Dr. Stephen T. Davis Professor of Philosophy Claremont McKenna College United States Dr. Leonardo De Chirico Pastor/Vice Chairman Breccia di Roma Church/Italian Evangelical Alliance Italy Dr. David S. Dockery President Trinity International University/Trinity Evangelical Divinity School United States Dr. Michael Duduit Dean / Exec. Editor Clamp Divinity School / Preaching Magazine United States Dr. Jason Duesing Provost Midwestern Baptist Seminary United States Dr. Scott Duvall Professor of Biblical Studies Ouchita Baptist University United States Dr. Valérie Duval-Poujol Chief Editor La Bible en français courant France Dr. Philip W. Eaton President Emeritus Seattle Pacific University United States Dr. Kent Eilers Professor of Theology Huntington University United States Dr. Brent Ellis President Spring Arbor University United States Karen A. Ellis Cannada Fellow of World Christianity Reformed Theological Seminary United States Dr. Carl Ellis Jr. Professor of Theology and Culture Reformed Theological Seminary United States Dr. Matthew Y. Emerson Executive Director Center for Baptist Renewal United States Dr. Craig Evans Dist. Professor of Christian Origins Houston Baptist University United States Dr. C. Stephen Evans Professor of Philosophy & Humanities Baylor University United States Dr. Randel Everett President 21st Century Wilberforce Initiative United States Dr. Gene C. Fant President North Greenville Univ. United States Dr. Ivan Filby President Greenville College United States Dr. Nathan Finn Dean School of Theology & Missions, Union University United States Dr. Choon Sam Fong Dean Baptist Theological Seminary Singapore Dr. Quinn Fox Assoc Pastor for Discipleship National Presbyterian Church, Washington DC United States Dr. John Frame Professor of Systematic Theology & Philosophy Reformed Theological Seminary United States Rev. Musa Gaiya Professor of Church History/Board of Trustees University of Jos/Evangelical Church Winning All (ECWA) Nigeria Dr. James Leo Garrett Distinguished Professor Emeritus of Theology Southwestern Baptist Seminary United States Rev. Rusty George Lead Pastor Real Life Church United States Dr. Timothy George Dean Beeson Divinity School of Samford University United States Rev. Mohsen Ghasemy Director Persian Bible Institute - Iran/Turkey Iran Dr. Mark S. Gignilliat Professor of Divinity Beeson Divinity School, Samford University United States Dr.Jeffrey A. Gill Vice President & Dean Grace College and Seminary United States Elizabeth Glass-Turner Managing Editor/Assoc Director Wesleyanaccent.com/World Methodist Evangelism United States Dr. Stewart Goetz Professorin Philosophy & Religion Ursinus College United States Rev. Jose Goncalves Pastor/Author Assemby of God, Agua Branca Brazil Dr. Sandra C. Gray President Asbury University United States Dr. J.D. Greear Senior Pastor The Summit Church United States Dr. Christopher C. Green Director Theology Connect Australia Dr. Jeffrey P. Greenman President Regent College Canada Dr. Jeff Greenway Lead Pastor Reynoldsburg United Methodist Church United States Dr. Douglas Groothuis Professor of Apologetics & Ethics Denver Seminary United States Dr. Wayne Grudem Professor of Theol. & Bib. Studies Phoenix Seminary United States Dr. George H. Guthrie Professor of Bible Union University United States Dr. John Hare Professor of Philosophical Theology Yale University United States Dr. Dana M. Harris Assoc. Professor of New Testament Trinity Evangelical Divinity School United States Dr. Erik Herrmann Associate Professor of Historical Theology Concordia Seminary United States Dr. Gerald Hiestand Director/Sr. Assoc. Pastor Center for Pastor Theologians/Calvary Memorial Church United States Dr. Wesley Hill Asst. Professor of Biblical Studies Trinity School of Ministry United States Rev. Dr. Paul R. Hinlicky Tise Professor of Lutheran Studies Roanoke College & Docent, Evanjelicka Bohoslovecka Fakulta, Univerzita Komenskeho, Bratislava, Slovakia. United States Dr. Dennis Hollinger President Gordon Conwell Theological Seminary United States Dr. Chris Holmes Professor of Theology & Religion University of Otago New Zealand Dr. Shirley V. Hoogstra President Council for Christian Colleges and Universities United States Dr. Michael Horton Professor of Systematic Theology and Apologetics Westminster Seminary United States Dr. John Jackson President William Jessup University United States Dr. James R. Jeffcoat Assoc. Professor of Religion Huntingdon College United States Dr. Todd Johnson Associate Professor of Global Christianity Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary United States Dr. Thomas K. Johnson Religious Freedom Ambassador to the Vatican World Evangelical Alliance United States Dr. Trygve D. Johnson Hinga-Boersma Dean of the Chapel Hope College United States Dr. Beth Felker Jones Professor of Theology Wheaton College United States Dr. Kelly M. Kapic Professor of Theological Studies Covenant College United States Dr. William J. Katip, President Grace College and Seminary United States Dr. Craig Keener Professor of Biblical Studies Asbury Theological Seminary United States Dr. Thomas Kidd Professor of History Baylor University United States Dr. Sungwon Moses Kim Assoc. Professor Seoul Theological University & Seminary South Korea Rev. Amos G. Kiri President The United Church Christ in Nigeria Nigeria Dr. Jens Bruun Kofoed Professor of Old Testatment Copenhagen Lutheran School of Theology Denmark Dr. Robert Kolb Mission Prof. of Systematic Theology Emeritus Concordia Seminary United States Rev. Kevin Kompelien President The Evangelical Free Church of America United States Rt. Rev. Paul Kibirech Korir Bishop Anglican Diocese of Kapsabet Kenya Dr. Samuel Waje Kunhiyop Professor of Systematic Theology/Ethics ECWA Theological Seminary Nigeria Dr. Benjamin A. Kwashi Archbishop Ecclesiastical Province of Jos; Bishop of Jos Diocese Nigeria Dr. William L. Kynes Senior Pastor Cornerstone Evangelical Free Church United States Dr. Tony Lane Professor of Historical Theology London School of Theology United Kingdom Dr. Jung-Sook Lee President Torch Trinity University South Korea Dr. Peter Leithart President Theopolis Institute United States Dr. Steve Lemke Provost New Orleans Baptist Theological Seminary United States Dr. John R. Lillis Provost Grace College and Seminary United States Dr. Paul C.H. Lim Assoc Professor of History & Religious Studies Vanderbilt University United States Dr. Richard Lints Distinguished Professor of Theology Gordon Conwell Theological Seminary United States Dr. Brad Littlejohn Director The Davenant Institute United States Dr. Tremper Longman III Professor of Biblical Studies Westmont College United States Dr. Andreas Loos Lecturer in Systematic Theology Theological Seminary St. Chrischona Switzerland Dr. Frank Macchia Professor of Systematic Theology Vanguard University United States Rev. James MacDonald Senior Pastor Harvest Bible Chapel United States Dr. Hans Madueme Assoc. Professor of Theological Studies Covenant College United States Dr. Alejandro Mandes Executive Director All Peoples Initiative, EFCA United States Dr. Mark Mattes Professor of Philosophy & Religion Grand View College United States Dr. Thomas McCall Director Carl Henry Center, Trinity Evangelical Divinity School United States Dr. John McClean Vice Principal & Lecturer in Systematic Theology Christ College, Australia Australia Dr. Gerald McDermott Anglican Chair of Divinity Beeson Divinity School, Samford University United States Dr. Suzanne McDonald Professor of Historical & Systematic Theology Western Theological Seminary United States David B. McEwan Acad. Dean/Assoc Professor of Theology & Pastoral Theology Nazarene Theological College, Australia Australia Rev. Prof. A.T.B. McGowan Minister / Chair Inverness East Church/World Reformed Fellowship Commission United Kingdom Dr. Phil Meadows Professor of Evangelization Studies Asbury Theological Seminary United States Dr. Gilbert Meilaender Sr. Research Professor Valparaiso University United States Dr. Benjamin R. Merkle President New Saint Andrews College United States Dr. C. Ben Mitchell Graves Professor of Moral Philosophy Union University United States Dr. Douglas Moo Professor of New Testatment Wheaton Graduate School United States Dr. Russell Moore President Ethics and Religious Liberty Commission United States Dr. Peter C. Moore The Timothy Partnership Australia Dr. J.P. Moreland Professor of Philosophy Talbot School of Theology-Biola Univ. United States Dr. Christopher Morgan Dean & Professor of Theology California Baptist Theological Seminary United States Dr. Richard J. Mouw President Emeritus Fuller Theological Seminary United States Dr. Shirley Mullen President Houghton College United States Rev. Randy Nabors New City Network United States Trillia Newbell Dir. of Community Outreach Ethics and Religious Liberty Commission United States Dr. Emiola Nihinlola President The Nigerian Baptist Theological Seminary Nigeria Rev. Yunusa S. Nmadu Jr. General Secretary Evangelical Church Winning All (ECWA) Nigeria Dr. Thomas A. Noble Research Professor of Theology Nazarene Theological Seminary United States Dr. Dieumeme Noelliste Director of the Vernon Grounds Institute of Public Ethics Denver Seminary United States Dr. Sheldon C. Nord President Corban Univeristy United States Dr. Cherith Fee Nordling Assoc. Professor of Theology Northern Seminary United States Dr. Stan Norman Provost Oklahoma Baptist University United States Dr. James Nuechterlein Senior Fellow Institute on Religion and Public Life United States Dr. Luther J. Oconer Assoc. Professor of Methodist Studies United Theological Seminary United States Dr. Michael Oh Global Executive Director/CEO Lausanne Movement Japan Dr. Ben C. Ollenburger Professor of Biblical Theology Associated Mennonite Biblical Seminary United States Dr. J. Steven O'Malley Professor of Methodist Holiness History Asbury Theological Seminary United States Dr. David W. Pao Chair, Professor of New Testament Trinity Evangelical Divinity School United States Dr. Changhoon Park Professor Seoul Theological Seminary South Korea Very Rev. Andrew Pearson Jr. Dean & Rector Cathedral Church of the Advent United States Dr. John C. Peckham Assoc. Professor of Theology & Christian Philosophy Andrews University United States Dr. Amy Peeler Assoc. Professor of New Testament Wheaton College United States Dr. Khoo Ho Peng President Methodist Theological School Malaysia Dr. Richard J. Perhai Vice President/Academic Dean Kyiv Theological Seminary Ukraine Dr. Alvin Plantinga Professor of Philosophy Emeritus University of Notre Dame United States Dr. Cornelius Plantinga Sr. Research Fellow Calvin Institute of Christian Worship United States Dr. Emmett G. Price III Professor of Worship, Church & Culture Gordon Conwell Theological Seminary United States Dr. Karen Swallow Prior Professor of English Liberty University United States Dr. Ephraim Radner Professor of Historical Theology Wycliffe College Canada Dr. Christoph Raedel Professor of Systematic Theology Freie Theologische Hochschule Gießen (Giessen School of Theology) Germany Dr. Eric C. Redmond Asst. Professor of Bible Moody Bible Institute United States Dr. Ramesh Richard Professor of Global Theological Engagement Dallas Theological Seminary United States Dr. Russell E. Richey Emeritus Professor of Church History Candler School of Theology, Emory University United States David Bowman Riker Pastor and President First Baptist Church of Pará Brazil Dr. Samuel Rodriguez President National Hispanic Christian Leadership Conference United States Dr. Paulo Romeiro Professor of Theology / Pastor Mackenzie University Brazil Dr. Philip Graham Ryken President Wheaton College United States Dr. Simon Samuel Principal New Theological College India Dr. Fred Sanders Professor of Theology Torrey Honors Institute, Biola University United States Dr. Joel Scandrett Director Robert E. Webber Ctr., Trinity School for Ministry United States Dr. John Senyonyi Vice Chancellor Uganda Christian University Uganda Dr. Diana Severance Director of Dunham Bible Museum Houston Baptist University United States Dr. Thomas Schirrmacher President Martin Bucer European Seminary & Research Institutes Germany Dr. Joseph Shao President Biblical Seminary of the Philippines Philippines Mary Jo Sharp Asst. Professor of Apologetics Houston Baptist University United States Rev. Amy Sheffield Kodiak, Alaska United States Dr. Wilbert R. Shenk Sr. Professor of Mission History & Contemporary Culture Fuller Theological Seminary United States Dr. Robert B. Sloan President Houston Baptist University United States Dr. Gordon T. Smith President Ambrose University Canada Dr. Dean Smith Director Australasian Centre for Wesleyan Research Australia Dr. Ronald E. Smith Pastor Trinity UMC United States Rev. Jacob Smith Rector Calvary St. George's United States Dr. Timothy Smith President University of Mobile United States Dr. Robert Smith Jr. Professor of Divinity Beeson Divinity School United States Dr. Jim Spiegel Professor of Philosophy & Religion Taylor University United States Dr. John G. Stackhouse Jr. Prof. of Religious Studies Crandall University Canada Dr. Ed Stetzer Professor of Church Mission & Evangelism Wheaton College United States John Stonestreet President Colson Center for Christian Worldview United States Dr. Joseph Stowell President Cornerstone University United States Rev. Greg Strand Executive Director of Theology & Credentialing Evangelical Free Church of America United States Dr. R. Alan Streett Senior Research Professor Criswell College United States Rt. Rev. George Sumner Bishop Episcopal Diocese of Dallas United States Rev. José Ildo Swartele de Mello Bishop Free Methodist Church in Brazil Brazil Dr. Douglas A. Sweeney Distinguished Prof. of Church History &History of Christian Thought Trinity Evangelical Divinity School United States Dr. Donald W. Sweeting President Colorado Christian University United States Rev. Natee Tanchanpongs Pastor Grace City Church Bangkok Thailand Dr. Meeli Tankler President Baltic Methodist Theological Seminary Estonia Dr. Carol Taylor President Evangel University United States Dr. Efraim Tendero General Secretary World Evangelical Alliance United Kingdom Dr. Timothy C. Tennent President Asbury Theological Seminary United States Dr. Frank Thielman Presbyterian Professor of Divinity Beeson Divinty School United States Dr. Mark Thompson Principal Moore Theological College Australia Dr.Külli Tõniste Asst. Professor of Biblical Studies and Theology Baltic Methodist Theological Seminary Estonia Mark Tooley President Institute on Religion and Democracy United States Dr. Jeremy Treat Pastor for Preaching and Vision Reality LA United States Dr. Daniel Treier Gunther H. Knoedler Professor of Theology Wheaton College and Graduate School United States Dr. Andrea L. Turpin Assoc. Professor of History Baylor University United States Dr. Gert van den Brink Pastor/Scholar Hersteld Hervormde Kerk Rotterdam, The Netherlands Netherlands Dr. Kevin Vanhoozer Research Professor of Systematic Theology Trinity Evangelical Divinity School United States Dr. Williem van Vlastuin Chair/Faculty of Theology Theology and Spirituality of Reformed Protestantism/Vrije Universiteit Netherlands Dr. Preben Vang Director Doctor of Ministry Program, Truett Seminary, Baylor Univ. United States Dr. Babu Immanuel Venkataraman Professor of Theology Theological Centre of Asia Singapore Dr. Adonis Vidu Assoc. Professor of Theology Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary United States Dr. Geoffrey Wainwright Professor Emeritus of Christian Theology Duke University United States Dr. Jon Wallace President Azusa Pacific University United States Dr. Jerry L. Walls Scholar in Residence/Professor of Philosophy Houston Baptist University United States Rev. Tish Harrison Warren Co-Associate Rector Church of the Ascension United States Dr. Greg Waybright Senior Pastor Lake Avenue Church United States Dr. C. Richard Wells President John Witherspoon College United States Dr. James Emery White Senior Pastor Mecklenburg Community Church United States Rev. David Wells MA, DD General Superintendent The Pentecostal Assemblies of Canada Canada Dr. David Whitlock President Oklahoma Baptist University United States Dr. Luder Whitlock President Emeritus Reformed Theological Seminary United States Dr. D.H. Williams Professor of Patristics & Historical Theology Baylor University United States Dr. Will Willimon Professor of the Practice of Christian Ministry Duke Divinity School United States Dr. Ben Witherington III Professor of New Testatment Asbury Theological Seminary United States Dr. Malcolm B. Yarnell III Research Professor of Systematic Theology Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary United States Rev. Dr. John W. Yates III Rector Holy Trinity Anglican Church United States Dr. Amos Yong Professor of Theology & Mission Fuller Theological Seminary United States Dr. Mark Young President Denver Seminary United States Additional Signatures Dr. Jules A. Martinez-Olivieri Inter-American University of Puerto Rico Puerto Rico Dr. Heath A. Thomas Dean, Hobbs College & Professor of Old Testament Oklahoma Baptist University United States Bryan Darrell Assemblies of God United States Scott M. Manetsch Professor of Church History and the History of Christian Thought Trinity Evangelical Divinity School United States Dr. John F. Kilner Forman Professor of Ethics & Theology Trinity Evangelical Divinity School United States Don Hedges Associate Dean Trinity College and Trinity Graduate School United States Griffin Gulledge Church Relations Officer Alabama Baptist Children's Homes & Family Ministries United States Tyler Dalton McNabb Assistant Professor of Philosophy Houston Baptist University United States Brandon D. Smith Editorial Director Center for Baptist Renewal United States Josh Moody Senior Pastor College Church in Wheaton United States James Kevin Forbis Jr Reverend First Baptist Church Willow Springs United States Jason Truett Glen Founder and Director Sacra Domus United States Dr. Ryan N. Danker Assistant Professor of the History of Christianity and Methodist Studies Wesley Theological Seminary United States Joshua R. Farris Assistant Professor of Theology Houston Baptist University and Heythrop College, University of London United States Dr. Steven Bruns Central Christian College of Kansasa, Ministry and Theology Department Chair United States Dr. Daniel Tomberlin Pentecostal Theological Seminary United States Zach Williams United States James Patterson University Professor Emeritus Union University United States Derek King Campus Minister Christian Student Fellowship United States Dr. Bill DeJong Pastor Blessings Christian Church Canada Tim Franks Associate Pastor Eureka Bible Church, Eureka, IL United States Dr. Philip Tallon Assistant Professor of Theology Houston Baptist University United States Kristen Padilla Marketing and Communications Coordinator Beeson Divinity School United States David Rogers Elder The Pursuit Church Memphis United States Dr. Taylor Worley Associate Professor of Faith and Culture Trinity International University United States Rev. Dr. Jonathan Huggins Chaplain Berry College United States Dr. Peter Neumann Academic Dean Master's College and Seminary Canada Sergio Martinez Bishop The Anglican Independent Church in Mexico Mexico Dr. JT English Pastor The Village Church Institute United States Rev. Matthew Abel Pastor Paint Lick United Methodist Church United States Jeff Manning Bible & Theology Teacher Christian Heritage Classical School United States Dr. James R. Payton,Jr. Professor Emeritus of History Redeemer University College Canada Rev. Dr. Matthew H. Johnson Pastor Saint Paul UMC, Searcy, AR United States James B. MacGregor Member Prince of Peace Lutheran Church United States Austin Gannett Pastor of Church Planting & Early Career Grace Fellowship Church United States Daniel Walbert Seminary Student Dallas Seminary United States Dr. Milton Kooistra Fellow Centre for Reformation and Renaissance Studies, Toronto Canada Christopher Bounds Professor of Theology Asbury University United States Cody Neal Student Asbury Theological Seminary United States Andre A. Gazal Adjunct Professor of Church History North Greenville University United States Dr. R. Lucas Stamps Executive Director Center for Baptist Renewal United States Gavin Ortlund Research Fellow Trinity Evangelical Divinity School United States Rev. Glenn J. Saaman Pastor Cornerstone Evangelical Free Church United States John W. Stewart IV United States Rev. Dr. James A. Gibson III Vicar (Pastor) Church of the Holy Trinity, Grahamville, SC United States Shawn J. Wilhite Assistant Professor of Christian Studies California Baptist University United States Casey Getz Pastor River Shores Church United States Sagarkumar Mekwan PhD Student Trinity Evangelical Divinity School India David B. Manley Associate Pastor GracePoint Evangelical Free Church United States Aaron Grosch Connections Director Mosaic Mansfield United States James R Thobaben Dean, School of Theology and Formation & Professor, Ethics Asbury Theological Seminary United States Murray Vasser NT Ph.D. Student Asbury Theological Seminary United States Dennis D. Engbrecht Professor of History Bethel College United States Rev. Nathan Sundt Senior Pastor First Baptist, Bedford, IN United States Dr. Daniel Woods International Pentecostal Holiness Church United States Young-Sam Won Doctor The Bridge Church United States Rev. Dr. Roger Lee Sharp West University Baptist Church United States Charles A. Shoemaker Pastor Claylick United Methodist United States Rev David Rollings Elder Shoreham-by-Sea Baptist Church United Kingdom Jeremiah Hurt Senior Pastor Calvary Chapel Lexington, KY United States Maureen Girkins Director of Evangelism Harvest Bible Chapel Palos United States Dale McNamee United States Pr. Igor Miguel Pastor Igreja Esperança Brazil Derek Rishmawy Graduate Student Trinity Evangelical Divinity School United States Jonathan Bailes Ph.D. Candidate Boston College United States Peter Elliott Layman Resurrection Church Tacoma United States Sharad Yadav Pastor Bread & Wine Communities United States Dylan Mark William O'Shell Assistant Pastor Lowell Assembly of God United States Mike Harreld Chaplain Baptist Nassau Bay, Texas United States Justus H. Hunter Assistant Professor of Church History United Theological Seminary United States Brendan Hanley Anglican Church of England United Kingdom Rev. Dan Erickson Senior Pastor Chisholm Baptist Church United States Mark Vermaire Senior Pastor The American Protestant Church of The Hague Netherlands Joshua Heavin Ph.D. Candidate, Pastoral Intern Trinity College Bristol, Park Cities Presbyterian Church Dallas United States Charles A. McFarlin Pastor Emeritus ECO: Covenant Order of Evangelical Presbyterians / Spring Hill Church United States Angelo Bazzo de Oliveira Evangélico Igreja Cristã Convergência Brazil Jason Todd Minister Non-Denominational United States Fabrício Miguel de Castro Ottoni Pastor Sal da Terra Brazil Robert H. Rogers Ph.D. Student Assemblies of God Theological Seminary United States Robert Clay Kannard Pastor/Missionary/Director of Communications The Reformanda Initiative Italy Joshua Penduck Revd Church of England United Kingdom Evan H. Musgraves Research Associate Beeson Divinity School United States Dr. Richard E. Averbeck Director of Ph.D. in Theological Studies, Professor of Old Testament and Semitic Languages Trinity Evangelical Divinity School, Trinity International University United States Mark VanderWerf Bible and Theology Teacher Grand Rapids Christian High School United States Dr. Robert Quevillon Disciple of Christ United States Brian Jones Reverend United Methodist United States Lyle Dorsett Professor Beeson Divinity School/ Anglican Church of N. Am. United States James T. Turner, Jr Postdoctoral Research Associate Fuller Theological Seminary United States Stephen Newell Fife Senior Pastor First United Methodist Church, Columbia, LA United States Joseph T Cochran Pastor of Middle School Discipleship and Communication Calvary Memorial Church United States Jared C. Burt Pastor Taylor's Valley Baptist Church United States Steve Croft Pastor Hospice United States Rev. Chuck Cole Pastor St. Johns UMC United States Henry Sun, Ph.D. Pastor Fairfield (CA) Presbyterian Church United States Josh Mathews Assistant Professor of Biblical Studies Western Seminary United States Douglas Carter Member Christ Church Edinburgh United Kingdom Taylor Brazil Student Beeson Divinity School United States Austin M. Freeman Ph.D. Candidate, Systematic Theology Trinity Evangelical Divinity School United States Jimmy Roh Ph.D. Student Southeastern Baptist Theological Seminary United States Andy Cunningham Campus Pastor of Fair Haven Chapelwood UMC United States Bruce L. Gordon Associate Professor of the History and Philosophy of Science Houston Baptist University United States Lloyd A. Cooke Adjunct lecturer in Church History. Regent College of the Caribbean Jamaica Steven Dresen Pastor Cedar Hill Baptist Church United States Douglas Bryan Drysdale (Retired) Elder Evangelical Church of N. A.. United States Ângelo Bazzo Evangélico Igreja Cristã Convergência Brazil Dr. Eva Benevento Director Summit Bible Institute United States Angelo Bazzo de Oliveira Pastor Igreja Cristã Convergência Brazil James Elliott Instructor of Philosophy Purdue University United States Rev. Jonathan J. Brown Pastor Evangelical Congregational Church United States Thom Allen Schultz Associate Professor of Theology and Youth Ministry St. Petersburg Theological Seminary United States William G Whitaker Elder Covenant Presbyterian Church United States Dr. Mary Vanhoozer Rodriguez Class Piano and Musicianship Instructor California Baptist University United States Andrew M. King Ph.D. Candidate The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary United States Zachary D Schmoll Ph.D. Student Faulkner University United States Alan E. Hitt Diaconal Minister United Methodist Church United States David Kirkman Member York Evangelical Church (FIEC) United Kingdom José E. Carlo Intern La Travesía PCA Puerto Rico Joel L Watts United States Dustin Lattimore High School Teacher Faith Academy of Bellville United States Ben Whittington Pastor Grace Bible Church United States Liz Stephanoff United States Corban A McKain Student Asbury Seminary United States Rev. Joshua David Ratliff Lead Pastor Welcome Wesleyan Church United States Ricky Britner Jr Speaker / Evangelisim Ricky Speaks United States Romel Regalado Bagares Trustee Alliance Graduate School Philippines Ryan Landes Director of Youth Ministries Park Avenue Christian Church United States Rev. Tyler J. Wagenmaker Pastor Beaverdam Christian Reformed Church United States Rev. Marc Schippers Port Chaplain Sailors' Society Belgium Dr. T. J. Gentry Associate Editor MoralApologetics.com United States Rev. Josh Robinson Lead Elder New Haven Church United States Gustavo Suarez Pastor Primera Iglesia Bautista de Laurel United States Joel Chopp Ph.D. Student University of Toronto, Wycliffe College Canada Peter Newman Fellow John Jay Institute United States Daniel Keith Chappell Area Representative Fellowship of Christian Athletes United States Dr. Steven D. Froehlich Pastor New Life Presbyterian Church United States Ryan Modisette United States Fandy Handoko Tanujaya Lecturer Amanat Agung Theological Seminary Indonesia Robert J. Mayer Assistant Professor of Theological Bibliography Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary United States Dr. William R. Osborne Asst. Professor of Biblical & Theological Studies College of the Ozarks United States Rev Francis Murphy Minister Greenock Mount Kirk linked with Greenock East End Church (Church of Scotland) United Kingdom Nick Hill Co-Director, Ultimate Questions Power to Change Canada Fr. Wesley Walker Priest ACNA United States Jerry Shepherd Assoc. Prof. of Old Testament Taylor Seminary Canada Tracy Buse United States Dr. Justin McLendon Instructor of Theology Grand Canyon University United States Dr. Michael Voigts Associate Professor of Spiritual Formation Asbury Theological Seminary United States Christopher Woznicki Ph.D. Candidate Fuller Theological Seminary United States Matthew Jensen Pastor Journey of Faith United States Nick Turner Director of Local Missions Taylors Valley Baptist Church United States Collin Garbarino Associate Professor Houston Baptist University United States Natalia M Martinez Encarnacion La Travesia (PCA) Puerto Rico W. Dennis Griffith Senior Pastor Grace Covenant Presbyterian Church (PCA) United States Thom Blair Deacon Anglican Church in North America United States Josaphat C. Tam Assoc. Professor of Biblical Studies Evangel Seminary Hong Kong Caleb William Pipes Associate Pastor of Student Ministries Summit Evangelical Free Church United States Noah Lang Pastor Community Bible Church (Dunellen, NJ) United States Mark Olivero Elder Trinity Bible Church United States Kellen Land Layperson St. Andrew's Episcopal Church United States Nathan R. Hopping Pastor Harmony Church STL United States Kaury C. Edwards Reverend Wesleyan Heights United Methodist Church United States Carlton Roach Founder Husband Tips United States Mr. Stefanus Kristianto Trinitas Abdiel Christian Church Indonesia Lee Roy Martin Professor of Old Testament Church of God United States Miles Custis Production Manager Logos Mobile Education United States Jitse Vander Meer Professor of Biology Emeritus Redeemer University College Canada Caleb Stallings Deacon Raleigh Avenue Baptist Church United States Saimon Felipe de Almeida Batista Videira Brazil Gregory Stump Pastor Redeemer Church United States David T Koyzis Fellow in Politics St. George's Centre Canada Kent Capps Ph.D. Candidate Southern Baptist Theological Seminary United States Ethan R. Tittle United States Eli Muñoz Worship Pastor Heritage Church United States Diane J. Chandler Associate Professor Regent University School of Divinity United States Benjamin Marx Instructor in Theology and Bibel Free Church Peru Dr. Phil Newman Calvary Baptist United States Brett C. Maddocks Associate Pastor St. Luke United Methodist Church United States Dr. Jeffery Ventrella United States Garrett Walden Pastoral Intern Grace Heritage Church, Auburn AL United States Rev. David Ketter Pastor The Village Church United States Michelle Van Loon Author United States Dave Madayag Reverend Neo Arc Ecumenical Church Philippines Rev. Mark VanderWerf Bible and Theology Teacher Grand Rapids Christian High School United States Roger Dager Pioneer Valley Christian Academy United States Dr. Larry K. Asplund Instructor Regent University School of Divinity United States P. J. Tibayan Pastor-Theologian Bethany Baptist Church United States Patrick Moody Congregant Family Church United States Clayton homewood Pastor Moro Baptist Church United States Rev. Sam Haist Assistant Pastor South City Church (PCA) United States Timothée Davi Belgium Robert Webster Adjunct Professor of Church History and Historical Theology Regent University United States Carson Weitnauer Innovator, Online Community RZIM United States Timothy D. Hall Dean, Howard College of Arts and Sciences Samford University United States Garrett DeWeese Professor of Philosophical Theology Talbot School of Theology, Biola University United States Michael Cooper, Jr Pastor Grace Community Church United States Bob McIntyre Pastor Metamora Church of Christ United States Wolf N. Paul Austria William Sprague Layperson All Saints Presbyterian Church United States Timothy O'Gwynn Student Beeson Divinity School United States René Mario Unsratrianto Sompie Christian Educator PDCE Indonesia Didier Domine Mission du Plein Évangile- La Porte Ouverte Chrétienne France Dr. Rolex M. Cailing Professor/Founding and Senior Pastor Alliance Graduate School/LifeReach Ministries, Inc. Philippines Romandito M.S. D.Min Student Asian Graduate School of Theology Indonesia Joseph Castleberry President Northwest University United States Wilhelm M Wennersten Director of Missions Green Mountain Baptist Association United States Alex Miller The Gathering Network United States Mina Roller Artist Self employed United States Francesco Grassi Ph.D. Student Trinity Evangelical Divinity School Italy Chris Bruno Assistant Professor of NT & Greek Bethlehem College & Seminary United States Keith Koteskey Assistant Professor of Christian Ministries Bethel College United States Cambron Wright Senior Pastor Faith United Methodist Church United States Nathan Swann ACNA United States Joseph M Vincent United States Joselito Chua Pastor Caloocan Christian Baptist Church Philippines Marlon Marques Pastor auxiliar Igreja Metodista Livre Brazil Wyman Lewis Richardson Pastor Central Baptist Church United States Douglas Phillips Exec. Pastor for Ministries South Church of Lansing United States Juan José Cotto Profesor de Pensamiento Cristiano Seminario Teológico de Puerto Rico Puerto Rico Andre Pastor Church Palavra de Vida Brazil Brian Baker Pastor First Baptist Church of Marceline United States Jim Kenote Baptist United States Travis Garritt Lowe Pastor Bay Life Church United States The Rev Canon Dr David D Wilson Rector Christ the Redeemer Anglican Church United States John Kavanaugh Pastor UMC of Louisiana United States Juan José Cotto Profesor de Pensamiento Cristiano Seminario Teológico de Puerto Rico Puerto Rico Bill Roth Pastor Milroy United Methodist Church United States Bethany Parrish Assistant Director PACES Paideia Classical School United States Dr. Darin D. Lenz Associate Professor of History Fresno Pacific University United States Kevin Stowe Minister Assemblies of God United States Lisa Millen Lay minister Assembly of God United States Dr. Michael A. Farley Pastor of Spiritual Formation Central Presbyterian Church (EPC), St. Louis, Missouri United States Ernest William Zimmerebner III Central Baptist Church United States Colton Ryan Hinson United States Luke Todd Director of Enrollment Management Western Seminary United States Cory Van Sloten Reverend / Chaplain Lebanon Christian Reformed Church / Iowa Army National Guard United States Ken Cleaver Professor of Church History and Theology Liberty University, School of Divinity United States Rusten Harris Pastor Coram Deo Church United States John E. Rainbolt Paster United Methodist United States Seth Waldrop Pastor for Administration & Member Care Lamp City Church United States Charles Mitchell Member United States Daniel Gleich Germany Dr. Yannick Imbert Professor of Apologetics Faculté Jean Calvin France De Sousa Mendes Laiman EPE Gap France Dr. Judith Mendelsohn Rood Professor of History and Middle Eastern Studies Biola University United States Dennis T. Mongoso Minister of the Word CHRISTIAN REFORMED CHURCH in the PHILIPPINES Philippines Darren Anthony Jones Pastor Shell Point Baptist Church United States Dr. Christopher L. Bolt Professor Birmingham Theological Seminary United States Vincent Pinto India Rev. Randy Davenport United States Linh H. Doan President Union University of California United States John B Lewis Baptist United States Valerie Jones McKay Lay Teacher Cornerstone United Methodist Church WA United States Corey Pacillo Associate Pastor Crossway Christian Church, EFCA United States Recaredo Gonzales Jr Bread From Heaven Christian Fellowship Philippines Dexter Flores Bersonda Associate Pastor Spirit Filled Community Church Philippines Glenn Pastor Corservative Baptist Association of the Philippines Philippines Menzies Elder Southview Church, Chirnside United Kingdom Rev. Danilo Tabije Pastor Presbyterian Church of the Philippines Philippines Hendrik Santoso Sugiarto Reformed Evangelical Church Indonesia Kip D. Schulenberg commoner traditional christianity United States Joseph Novak Pastor American Hungarian Baptist Church United States Azeem Samson President Young Federation for Christ Pakistan Nate Collins Member, Board of Directors LOVEboldly United States Richard P Moore Theologian, Youth Pastor, Church Planter Teach Beyond Germany Peter Grice President Rethinking Hell United States Mark Chan Lead Pastor Urban Voice Community Church United States Ricky Njoto Student Minister St. John's Anglican Church Australia Dr. William B. Evans Professor of Bible and Religion Erskine College United States Maxime Georgel Eglise de Saint-Quetin France Rev. Howard Currie Rector St. Luke's Reformed Episcopal Church, New Providence, NJ United States Carriere Laurent France Ronnie P. Campbell Jr. Associate Professor of Theology Liberty University United States Rio Susanto Student Amanat Agung Theological Seminary Indonesia Rev. Daniel F. Wells Senior Pastor Church of the Redeemer United States Patrick MacDonald Youth Minister Chinese Bible Church of Greater Nashua United States Paulo Roberto do Nascimento Teixeira Diácono Assembleia de Deus do Brasil Brazil Grant Baker United States Zach Hollifield Student Pastor Poplar Springs Church United States Rev. Dr. Kirt Anderson Pastor Naples Community Church United States Daniel Svendsen Pastor 1st Christian Reformed Church of South Holland United States Alyssa Liu United States Rev. Jonavern P. Lungub Ordained Elder The United Methodist Church Philippines Brennon Hartshorn United States Felipe Sanchez Membro Mevam Brazil Rich Grimm Senior Vice President for University Services and Strategic Initiatives Trinity International University United States Ray Pritchard President Keep Believing Ministries United States Evan L. Colford Berwick Baptist Church Canada Jeffrey J. Meyers Pastor Providence Presbyterian Church (PCA) United States Walter Johnson North Greenville University United States James S. Spiegel Professor of Philosophy and Religion Taylor University United States Brian Bennett Executive Pastor Mt Ararat Baptist Church United States Elaine Vaden Theological Educator The Antioch Partners United States Jennifer Powell McNutt Associate Professor of Theology and History of Christianity Wheaton College United States Mitchell Bedzyk Elder Elmira Christian Center United States Dennis Jeffery Pastor Free Methodist Church United States Dr. Edward W. Klink III Senior Pastor Hope Evangelical Free Church United States Grant D. Taylor Associate Dean, Assistant Professor Beeson Divinity School United States Rev. Dr. Keith E. Griswold Pastor Geneseo United Methodist Church United States Brian R. McIntyre Graduate Student Reformed Theological Seminary United States Renato Ferreira davSilva Sr. Assembleia de Deus Brazil Chris Andrews Director of Discipleship The River Anglican Church United States Barry Lillie First Presbyterian Church of Bakersfield United States Andrew Brantley Associate Pastor Redemption Bible Church United States Stephen Johnson Pastor Fellowship Bible Church United States Rev. Ben Floyd Pastor Blackburn's Chapel UMC United States Xenia Berdy Bay Life Church United States Dr. John Netland Dean, College of Arts and Sciences Union University United States Cesar Lonceras Jr Pastor Assemblies of God Philippines Jean-Christophe Jasmin Pastor Église Évangélique Baptiste de Pointe-aux-Trembles Canada Jarrod Reese Student, Southwestern Baptist & Beeson Divinity School Point Mallard Parkway Baptist Church, Decatur, AL United States Dr. Scott Guffin Executive Director of Christian Ministry Samford University United States Jace Kuntz Elder First Presbyterian Church Dillon United States Luciano Lombardi Director of Leadership Development and Distance Education Master's College and Seminary Canada Imbernon Olivier Student Preacher France Jay Ferguson Senior Pastor United Methodist Church United States Michael J. Ghiglia Founder/Director Share the Son Ministries United States Dr. William Teixeira Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul Brazil Dr. Stanley K. Fowler Professor of Theology Heritage Theological Seminary Canada Kerry S. Doyal Pastor Christ Community Fellowship (EFCA) United States Dr. Abner F. Hernández Associate Professor of Church History & Systematic Theology Montemorelos University Mexico Quek Tze-Ming Lecturer in New Testament Biblical Graduate School of Theology Singapore Matthew W. Bates Associate Professor of Theology Quincy University United States Gregory J Rosauer Archivist University of Northwestern - St. Paul United States Dr. Michael Gurney Prof. of Philosophy & Theology Multnomah University United States Jason Cornwell Reverend Christ Community Church United States Kokkee Ng Pastor Assemblies of God Malaysia Alisson Mauro Barbosa Mendes Sr. Assembleia de Deus Brazil Dr. Luis Fernandez Assemblies of God United States Dr. James N. Anderson Assoc. Professor of Theology and Philosophy Reformed Theological Seminary United States Benjamin T. Davis Pastor of Discipleship City Life Church United States Kyle Cabral United States Josep Adolf Martí i Bouis Student Church of Scotland United Kingdom Marlon Lahope T.hM (cand) Biblical Studies (NT) Southeast Asia Bible Seminary Indonesia Wellington Carvalho Mariano Pastor PAOC Canada Bruce Liu Pastor PCCC Australia Ramon Alves Ribeiro Membro Igreja Cristã Evangélica Betel Brazil John HaHyung Lee Member Bethany Baptist Church, Bellflower CA United States Francisco William Alves Barbosa Professor Teologia Basico Igreja Batista Nacional do Amor Brazil Franklin de Almeida Salles Professor IEAD Brazil Nikolas Scott Oliverio Writer/Filmmaker Heritage Baptist Church (Southern Baptist Convention) United States Jesse Erickson United States Robert L Simmons Senior Pastor Christ Presbyterian Church (ECO) United States Jonathan David Haefs Lead Pastor Shades Valley Community Church (EFCA) United States Sean Russell Moore Colton Community Church United States Gessé Fernandes do Nascimento Professor Assembleia de Deus Brazil Mr. Christopher Lilley Marquette University United States Jeffrey Wayne Blanton Jr Youth Director First Baptist Church La Crescenta United States Christopher M. Date Steward Rethinking Hell United States Mitch Wiley Student Southern Baptist Theological Seminary United States Rev. Brian Roden Bible teacher (Spanish) FirstNLR United States Cleber Santos Diacono Assembleia de Deus Brazil Rafaelo Procopio Rocha Theologian Assembly of God Brazil Joel Winckler Pastor St. Paul's United Methodist Church United States Enoch Sathiasatchi Charles Ph.D. Candidate Regent University India The Very Rev'd Peter Matthews Rector Saint Patrick's Anglican Church (ACNA) United States Andrew Clarence Diprose Cross cultural worker Christian Brethren Italy Ronaldo Rodrigues da Silva Assembleia de Deus Brazil Randall Wade Pastor Piedmont UMC United States Loren Pankratz Lead Pastor The Bridge Community United States Revd Tim Smith Vicar St Jude's Church, Plymouth United Kingdom George Nyevilley-Blay Pastor Hesed Ministries International Ghana Craig Miller Senior Pastor Grace Baptist Church United States Stuart R. Owens Pastor of Discipleship Christ Community Church United States Brandy Morace Congregant First Baptist Church, Vidor, TX United States Alex Hong Pastor Christian Fellowship Bible Church United States Laura A Smit Professor of Theology Calvin College United States Rev. Adam Godbold Pastor Faith Methodist Church United States Dr. Ryan A. Brandt Christian History and Theology Grand Canyon University United States Robert Ostermeier Pastor United Methodist Church United States Valter Osvaldo Reggiani Pastor Igreja Batista Reformada de São Paulo Brazil Franklin Ferreira Pastor and Director/Professor Trinity Church and Martin Bucer Seminary Brazil Brazil Mark Harrison Bahr Pastor Good Shepherd Community Church United States Rev. Keith H. Mcilwain Pastor Slippery Rock United Methodist Church United States Juan Reyes Teacher Christian & Missionary Alliance Puerto Rico Dr. Jonas Madureira Seminário Martin Bucer Brazil Beth Ann Cook Sr. Pastor Logansport UMC United States Michael Spell Pastor United Methodist Church United States Valdemir Pires Moreira Diácono Igreja Assembleia de Deus Brazil Dr. Brett D Burrowes Theologian and Pastor Christ Our Life Ministries United States Dr. Robert Joustra Associate Professor, Politics & International Studies Redeemer University College Canada Kevin P. Grady a bond-servant of Christ Jesus Grace Fellowship United States Rev. Dr. John D. Abbott Pastor UMC United States Dr. G Stephen Blakemore Professor of Christian Thought Wesley Biblical Seminary United States John Benjiman Wiles Ordained Bishop Church of God (Cleveland, TN) United States Emmett Scholl Sojourn Community Church United States Carlos Situmeang Church Member Huria Kristen Batak Protestan (Lutheran) Indonesia Timothy Thedens Volunteer Lay Minister Lifegate Church United States Andrew J. Gregg Lead Follower United Methodist Church United States Donald Joseph Hetzer Laity Fellowship of The Word United States Harrison J Bell Associate Pastor First Broad Street United Methodist Church United States Rev. Harrison J. Bell Associate Pastor First Broad Street United Methodist Church United States Lucas Alves Maciel Bacharelando em Teologia e pós graduando em Ciência da Religião Assembléia de Deus Brazil Sean Norris Associate Rector The Church of the Holy Cross United States Rev Mark Royster Rector St Peter's Anglican Church United States Michael Guthrie Reverend Evangelical Presbyterian Church Hospital Chaplain United States Brian D Ballinger Student Asbury Theological Seminary United States Renan Oliveira da Costa Local Minister Church of the Nazarene Brazil Jared A. Lee, Ph.D. Elder Gospel Life Church (Broomfield, CO) United States John Hartung Le Moyne College United States Mary Ann Strahorn Community/Parish Nurse United Methodist Church United States Karl Griswold-Kuhn Rector Church of the Messiah Episcopal Church United States Woody Gant Associate Pastor Mission Church United States Andrew Pak Bible Teacher Berean Christian High School / Golden Hills Community Church United States Rev. Evan Dodge Clergy The United Methodist Church United States Thiago Machado Silva Professor of Systematic Theology Presbyterian Theological Seminary (Campinas, SP) Brazil Daniel D. Moore Chapter Director Ratio Christi at WMU United States Eric Rosemund Jr Physician Methodist United States Anna Rolen Graphic Artist Sunlight Studio United States Rev. Dr. Edwin D. Bernard Honorably Retired PCUSA United States Wirley Almeida Assembleia de Deus Brazil Gregory Jeffers Humanities Teacher The Covenant School of Dallas United States Barry Craddock Pastor Cumberland Presbyterian United States Vincent Bacote Associate Professor of Theology Wheaton College United States Rev. Canon Dr. Ronald Allen Canon Greenhouse House United States Earl Tucker Dickerson Pastor The United Methodist Church United States Dr. Jason K. Willoughby Founder Reach the City Ministries United States Dr. Richard Thomas Vann Jr. Professor of Christian Ministry Dallas Baptist University United States Daniel McLain Hixon Pastor St Francisville United Methodist Church United States Ubong Ntewo President Learners of Christ United United States Timothy S. Chism Minister DeChurched Ministries United States Rev. C. Ryan Fields Ph.D. Student Trinity Evangelical Divinity School United States Andrew Anderson Discipleship pastor Cordele First UMC United States Lucas Gonçalves Seminarista Igreja Presbiteriana Vinhedo Brazil Dr. John A. Studebaker Lecturer in Theology and Religion Hillsdale College United States Anna Moyle Communications Manager Lookout Mountain Presbyterian Church United States The Rev. Scott A. Fleming Adjunct Faculty The Baptist College of Florida and Palm Beach Atlantic University United States Christian C Roque Staff member Iglesia Adoradores de Cristo Puerto Rico Leonardo Honda Bastos Ramos Líder de jovens Primeira Igreja Batista em Pinheiros Brazil Brent L. White Elder in Full Connection North Georgia Conference of the UMC United States André Gomes Quirino Membro Igreja Cristã da Trindade Brazil Pancha W. Yahya Student Trinity International University Indonesia Michael Agapito Former Deacon University Baptist Church United States Lewi Imma Koerniawan Scholar Amanat Agung Theological Seminary Indonesia Judson Taylor Director of Communications Chapel Hill Presbyterian Church of Gig Harbor United States Roland Preisler Pastor Grace Community Church, Dallas, PA United States David Lawrence Teaching Pastor Thornbury Baptist Church United Kingdom Lewis A Wilder Associate Pastor Crosspoint UMC United States Daniel E. Ramsey Senior Pastor United Methodist Church United States Stephen Seamands Professor of Christian Doctrine Asbury Theological Seminary United States Sean McGuire Pastor Hunting Creek Baptist Church United States JOSEPH CARTWRIGHT United States E. Jerome Van Kuiken Associate Professor of Ministry and Christian Thought Oklahoma Wesleyan University United States Owen Lee Senior Pastor Christ Central Presbyterian Church United States Rev. Daniel J. Cameron Adjunct Instructor of Theology The Moody Bible Institute United States Adam Couchman Assistant Training Principal The Salvation Army Australia Patrick K Welton United States Robb Redman Dean, College of Theology South University United States Dr. Christina Larsen Systematic Theology Grand Canyon University United States Dr. Robb Redman Dean, College of Theology South University United States Dr. Bryan Easley Director/Bible teacher Rejoice Christian Schools/Rejoice Church United States Dr. Jim Lemons Professor of Theological Studies and Leadership Dallas Baptist University United States Matthew R Kroelinger Layman Church of the Messiah, Fredericksburg, Virginia United States William C. Crouse President Christian Information Ministries United States Lieuwejan van Dalen Pastor CGK Hoogeveen Netherlands Matthew LaPine PhD Candidate Trinity Evangelical Divinity School United States Geoffrey Chang Associate Pastor Hinson Baptist Church United States Javid Ghorbani Interested christain Cgk lid Netherlands Francis H. Geis Lay minister and freelance writer Evangelical Covenant Church of America United States Misael Prawira Student South East Asia Bible Seminary Indonesia Revd Riad Kassis, Ph.D. International Director International Council for Evangelical Theological Education Lebanon Gesse Silva Volunteer Hillsong Church Brazil Douglas Ray Brandt United States Melvyn Arthur Critchley United States Jay Branson Junior high intern Highlands church United States David W. Hegg Senior Pastor/Adjunct Professor Grace Baptist Church/The Master's Univeristy United States Roelof de Wit Pastor Protestant Church in the Netherlands Netherlands Bill Riedel Lead Pastor Redemption Hill Church, DC United States Raegen Norman Bay Life Church United States Dr. David L. Stubbs Professor of Ethics and Theology Western Theological Seminary United States William Ross Hastings Associate Professor of Theology Regent College Canada Rev. Dr. Robert P. Fulton Pastor Hamlin United Methodist Church United States Christopher Dias Lay person Unchurched India Bobby Grow Author/Editor Evangelical Calvinism Series United States Eben Drost Student Fuller Theological Seminary United States Eric D. S. Dorman Layperson Episcopal/Anglican United States Brady Bowman Student The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary United States Lenny Esposito President Come Reason Ministries United States Dr. David Osborn Senior Professor of Christian Leadership Denver Seminary United States Dr. Mark Draper Assistant Professor of Historical Theology Evangelical Seminary United States Rev. Jesse Heath Pastor Connect Church United States Jamie Smith Pastor McLean Church EPC United States Dr. Mark L. Richardson Lead Pastor for Preaching First Baptist Church of The Colony, TX United States Rev Tony Johnson Pastor (Minister of the Word) Uniting Church in Australia Australia Alison L. Gerber Pastor Second Congregational Church, Peabody United States Abel Kristofel Aruan Seminary Student South East Asia Bible Seminary Indonesia Hank Heschle III Pastor Orofino Peck & Cavendish UMC's United States Li-Yuan Chea Student Dallas Theological Seminary United States Winter A. Seibert Lay Leader/Teacher Orofino Peck & Cavendish UMC's United States Cody Glen Barnhart Student Midwestern Baptist Theological Seminary United States Sava Toufexis United States Benjamin Sanchez Maldonado Senior Pastor Iglesia Cristiana Casa De Bendición Dorado Puerto Rico Dave Jackson Mailoor Student South East Asia Bible Seminary Indonesia Rev. Benjamin Sanchez Senior Pastor Iglesia Cristiana Casa De Bendición Dorado United States Rev. Benjamin Sanchez, MDiv Senior Pastor Iglesia Cristiana Casa De Bendición Puerto Rico Isaac Fleming Pastor Living Water Church United States Jojo Ruba Executive Director Faith Beyond Belief Canada David Starling Lecturer in New Testament Morling College, Sydney Australia Agrada Ciputra Student Southeast Asia Bible Seminary Indonesia William Wan Church Librarian Christ Evangelical Reformed Church Malaysia Alexander D. Limasaputra Teacher Gereja Beritakan Injil Indonesia Dr. John C. Crutchfield Professor of Bible Columbia International University United States R. Gabe Davis Lay Leader Clapps Chapel UMC United States Dr. Ian Clary Assistant Professor of Historical Theology Colorado Christian University United States Dr. Daniel W. Houck Research Fellow Trinity Evangelical Divinity School United States Jack Tran Vice President Sultan Idris Education University Christian Fellowship Malaysia Garvis L. Campbell Chief Consultant CastleWord Language Strategy Consulting United States Rev. Curt Benham Rector The Village Church at Vinings (Anglican) United States Andrew C. Witt Doctoral Candidate Wycliffe College Canada Carol Cox Bonita Park Camp & Conference Center United States Dennis A. Mehaffie Pastor United Methodist Church United States Daniel Prett Campagna Niterói-RJ Igreja Batista do Ingá Brazil Ishak I. Sukamto Director SAAT MINISTRY CENTER Indonesia James M. Stanton Bishop of Dallas, retired The Episcopal Church United States Rev. JP Ilarraza Lead Pastor New Life Tabernacle United States Dr. Daniel van Voorhis Scholar-in-Residence 1517 The Legacy Project United States Dr. Bryan Clarke University Chaplain/Campus Minister/Professor GraceFinder Resourcing Network Canada Sarah M. Chiongbian BayLife Church United States Louis Markos Professor in English Houston Baptist University United States Febrianto Student South East Asia Bible Seminary Indonesia Davide Cantoni Church member Chiesa Evangelica Riformata Battista di Formigine Italy Jonathan Kleis Missionary Association of Baptists for World Evanglism Italy Wesley K Bust Corps Officer The Salvation Army Australia Richard J. Ward Youth Leader Calvary Chapel Moreno Valley United States Jordan Barrett Bible/Theology Teacher South Christian High School United States Kelvin Tohme Director of Networking & Telecommunications / Associate Head Coach - Men & Women Soccer Trinity International University United States J.A. Kloosterman Pastor HHK Netherlands Richard G.A. van Maaswaal Member Hervormde gemeente van B.A. “Maranatha" te Tricht Netherlands Ds. W.Schinkelshoek Predikant Hersteld Hervormde Kerk Netherlands Mr. D.J.H. van Dijk Senator SGP Netherlands Willem van 't Spijker Pastor Samenwerkingsgemeente CGKV 'de Verbinding' Hilversum Netherlands Alfred van de Weg Pastor Hersteld Hervormde Kerk Netherlands Rev. Kenneth W. Lucas United States Don Scurlock Believer United States Carl E McNair Layperson EFCA United States Thomas Whittaker Ph.D. Candidate Harvard University United States Cees van Duijn Pastor Protestant Church in the Netherlands Netherlands Rev. Christopher Ketch Priest Anglican Church of Canada (Diocese of Fredericton) Canada Donald G. Kirchner Pastor Trinity Lutheran Church United States Marcus J White Overseeing Elder Twin Lakes Bible Church United States Cole Hartin Discipleship Ministry Associate St. Matthew's Anglican Church, Islington Canada KV Paxton Lead Pastor Grace Baptist Church United States Dr. C. A. van der Sluijs Emeritus predikant Protestantse Kerk in Nederland Netherlands Dr. Henk Dijkgraaf Teacher of English De Passie Evangelical School Netherlands Felipe Abreu Pastor Reformada / Presbiteriana Brazil C. Scott Pryor Professor Campbell University School of Law United States Edwin Gray Hurley Senior Pastor South Highland Presbyterian church United States Anne M. Tohme Director of Student Care & Engagement Trinity International University United States Denny Teguh Sutandio M.Div. student South East Asia Bible Seminary, Malang Indonesia Merritt Felmly, Ph.D United States Lucas Suryawan Hermanus Youth Minister Holy Word Christian Church Bandung Indonesia Christopher D. Marsh Student/Worship Leader Dallas Theological Seminary/Apostles Campus Church United States Dylan A. Evans M.Div. Student Beeson Divinity School/ Oak Mountain Presbyterian Church (PCA) United States David George Beck Christian United Kingdom Nathan Daniels Pastor Bethany Baptist Church United States Ross Anderson Teaching Pastor Alpine Church United States Dr. Brittany C. Burnette Associate Professor of Christian Education College of Biblical Studies-Houston United States Kees van Atten Minister Chr. Ref. Church Netherlands John Lee Senior Pastor Bethel Christian Reformed Church, Sioux Center, IA United States William Rosano Senior Pastor Grace Bible Church United States Bryan Chapell Pastor Grace Presbyterian Church United States Don Y. Gordon Senior Pastor Ardmore Baptist Church United States Denise T. Plichta Author Redemptive History and Theology United States John P. Hayden, M.Div. Elder Columbia Road Baptist Church United States Todd Kunkler Lay Teacher Reality LA United States William H. Clark, Jr., Esq. United States Gary Miles Senior Pastor CrossPoint Church - Lynden, WA United States Kenneth Brownell Senior Minister East London Tabernacle Baptist Church United Kingdom Dr. Rev Mike Normoyle Pastor Browntown Baptist Church United States Jennifer Judson member First United Methodist Church, Tulsa United States Rev. Wm. S. Johnson, Ph.D. Senior Pastor Christian Reformed Church United States Donald Zeyl Professor of Philosophy Emeritus University of Rhode Island United States Jacob Hanby Junior Fellow Theopolis Institute United States Curt Parton teaching pastor The Orchard United States Sawyer Ray Rambo Educator Bethlehem Baptist Church United States Gutierres Fernandes Siqueira Blogger Assembly of God Brazil Matthew Larkin Director of Student & Family Ministries Advent Christian General Conference United States Shyrlaine Honda Batista Brazil Arthur Going Priest in Charge All Saints Church (Anglican) United States Linnea E. Boese Missionary, Bible translator WorldVenture Côte d'Ivoire Rev. David T. Ogletree Preisdent BoldMarriage, Inc. United States Ray Anthony Rodriguez bible teacher San Perro CRC Philippines Michael Schwind Student Asbury Theological Seminary United States Dr. Don L. Davis Executive Director The Urban Ministry Institute United States Jacob F. Schaible Pastor United Methodist Church United States Pau Abad Tent Spain William Boegel Missionary Roman Catholic United States Karol Snook Teacher of Women and Children Valley Bible Church, Spokane Valley, WA United States Bryan Burton Senior Pastor/Professor of Theology PCUSA/Fuller Theological Seminary United States Robert Leslie Holmes Provost Erskine Theological Seminary United States Dr. Michael P. Jensen Rector St Mark's Anglican Church, Darling Point Australia Adrianus Yosia Minister Gereja Kristen Kalam Kudus Ambon Indonesia Carlos Pastor Asambleas de Dios Costa Rica Rev. Jeff Gissing Academic Marketing Manager InterVarsity Press United States Henry H. Knight III (Hal) Professor of Wesleyan Studies and Evangelism Saint Paul School of Theology United States Dr. Ike Miller Pastor Crosspointe Church United States Shirley Wong Seminary professor Global Enrichment Theological Seminary United States Caleb Dunn Student Asbury Theological Seminary United States David A Beamer Protestant North Hills CRC United States Rev. Dr. William Gardner Associate Professor of Linguistics Trinity Western University Canada Michael Russell Sr Minister Our Father Alpha Omega United States Carmia Margaret Student South East Asia Bible Seminary Indonesia Samuel Seo Missionary Iglesia Gozo Eterno Colombia James A. Ayars Pastor Seventh-day Adventist United States Maarten J. Kater Professor Practical Theology Christian Reformed Churches in the Netherlands Netherlands William S Kilgore Young Adult Leader Parkgate Community Church United States Pavel Trifu Chaplain Diaconia Medical Center Romania Rev. Daniel Holmquist President Church Assistance Ministry United States Dr. Klaas van der Zwaag Journalist church and religion Reformed Daily Netherlands Mark P. Nelson Academic Dean Baltic Methodist Theological Seminary Estonia Jan Zeeman Sunday school teacher CGK Urk Netherlands Donald A. Thomas, Jr. Teaching Pastor Shine Church United States Julie Gajunera Gadingan Church worker UCCP Philippines Justin Kane teacher Webster Bible Church United States S.T. Lagendijk Pastor Hersteld Hervormde Kerk Netherlands Willem A. VanGemeren Professor Emeritus Trinity Evangelical Divinity School United States Juan Francisco Callejas Aquino Guatemala Raymond Shaheen Greek Catholic United States Chinedu Obinna Anya Coordinator Mission for Language Translation & Ila Bible Translation Project Nigeria W.J. van den Brink Pastor Hersteld Hervormde Kerk Netherlands Kevin Livingston Associate Professor of Pastoral Ministry Tyndale Seminary Canada Johannes Reinders Missionary FeG Mühlacker Germany Dr. Constantine R. Campbell Professor of New Testament Trinity Evangelical Divinity School United States Gerry Breshears Professor of Theology Western Seminary, Portland United States Chad Sparks Teaching Pastor Providence Church United States Johan den Hartog Elder Reformed congregation Ridderkerk (Hervormde gemeente Ridderkerk, wijk 6 (PKN) Netherlands Michael Lloyd Church Member Calvary Chapel Moreno Valley United States LaVonne Alexander Pastor Columbian Memorial Presbyterian Church, Colony, OK United States Richard Moffat Cameron Minister Church of Scotland United Kingdom Dr. Howard R. Meyer, Jr. Elder First Baptist Church of Woodbridge (VA) United States Stephen H. Hadley Graduate Student Trinity Evangelical School United States Catherine Clevenger Christian Counselor St. Andrews Anglican REC United States Gary E Smith,MD Layman Anglican United States Diana Fenger Retired Williamsburg Community Church United States Earl Wm. Kennedy Senior Research Fellow Van Raalte Institute, Hope College United States Jeffrey L. Oliver Chaplain Church of God, Indiana United States D. Jeffrey Mooney Professor, Old Testament Interpretation and Theology/ Senior Pastor California Baptist University/ Redeemer Baptist Church United States Dr. R J Gore Jr Dean/Professor of Systematic Theology and Ministry Erskine Theological Seminary United States Victor Leonardo B. e Silva Preacher/sunday school teacher Assembly of God Brazil Luis Carlos Diaconi Church of God Colombia Michael Voigts Associate Professor of Spiritual Formation Asbury Theological Seminary United States W.D.Benschoo Diaken Hersteld Hervormde Gemeente of Leerbroek Netherlands Karin Isbell Member Arcadia Gospel Fellowship United States Dr. Adam Potter Director of Choral Activities Roberts Wesleyan College United States Jeremiah Roland Smith Student President Ratio Christi at The Ohio State University United States Dr. George K. Brushaber President Emeritus Bethel University United States Josué López Teacher Christian and Missionary Alliance Puerto Rico Michal Lopianowski Pilgrim's Progress Teacher Moose Jaw Baptist Church Canada Mike Oxlong Le Heretique United States Ridwan Tangkilisan Student (head of Student Executive Committee) South East Asia Bible Seminary Indonesia Dr. Allyn Ricketts Prof. of Apologetics and Philosophy Biblical Life Institute United States Grady Davidson Pastor Lookout Valley Presbyterian Church United States Michael Licona Associate Professor of Theology Houston Baptist University United States Rev Dr Gary Allan Pastoral Psychiatrist Rio Ranco Family Health Center United States Rev. Dr.Kenneth J. Macari Pastor PCUSA United States Jack Marshall Pastor UMC United States Jon Stallings Pastor Life Church United States Dr. Thurber D. Proffitt, III Missiologist United States Ridwan Tangkilisan Student South East Asia Bible Seminary Indonesia Andrew Burns Elder Trail Christian Fellowship United States Megan Baatz United States Thomas Dobbs Lay Ametuer Theologian Lutheran(LCMS) United States Daniel Blanche Pastor Cowley Church Community, Oxford United Kingdom Sathish Joseph Simon Field Ministry Secretary Union of Evangelical Students of India India Biz Gainey Senior Pastor Pillar Community Church United States Drew A. Knowles, Jr. Pastor Sojourn Houston United States Bryan Hollon Professor of Theology; Priest, ACNA Malone University; St. John's Anglican Church United States Rory T. Davis United States GYULA FAUST Pastor The Reformed Church of Vörösberény Hungary Dr. Steven C. Riser Sr Minister EPC United States Edgar R. Lee Academic Dean Emeritus Assemblies of God Theological Seminary United States Alejandra Cano Guatemala Paul Lieverse, MD Chair of the National Board Christian Medical Fellowship Netherlands John Crawford Member Perimeter Church United States Dr. Jan Henzel General Secretary Cirkev bratska/Evangelical Free Church Slovakia Antonio Nazario Elder Christos Community church United States Daniel Burdine United States William Ray Noble, Jr Seminary Student United States Robb Hicks, MD Saint Louis Council Christian Medical Association United States Robert Van Keulen Ordinary Church Member Christian Reformed Church United States Robert Covolo, PhD faculty Torrey Honors Institute United States Amanda Nicol M.Div. candidate Duke Divinity School United States Robert F Richenburg, Jr Elder Lutheran Church Misouri United States Nicholas Rudolph Quient MAT Student in NT Fuller Theological Seminary United States Stephen P Hoffmann Professor Emeritus Taylor University United States Robert W. Scott Pastor Dillingham Bible Fellowship United States Elke B Speliopoulos Lay Teacher, MAR, MDiv United States Sean Dotson Youth Pastor United States Dr. Michael J. Svigel Chair and Professor of Theological Studies Dallas Theological Seminary United States Matthew Hamrick United States Dr. James W. Ramsey Chaplain US Army/Southern Baptist Convention United States Dr. Wilma Gallet Research Christian Research Association Australia Dr. Maria LeFave Director of Education Gainesville Community Ministry United States Grady W Manley Minister/Associate Professor Biblical Studies (Retired) United States E. Eduardo Romero P. Editor Puente Peru Rev. David S. Daniels Pastor Fellowship of Evangelical Baptist Churches in Canada Canada Glen Gaboury Pastor Glenwood United Methodist Church United States Rusty Grace Associate Pastor First Baptist Church of Warner Robins, GA United States ariel bovat Founder/Seminary Student Kaleoscope/Grace Bible Church, San Diego United States Sten-Erik Director of Spiritual Formation, Adjunct Professor Dallas Theological Seminary United States Drew Poppleton PhD Candidate Fuller Theological Seminary United States D Clair Davis Professor Emeritus PCA United States Darrell B. Harrison Christian blogger www.justthinking.me United States Daniela Hirt Switzerland Dr. Mark D. Ward Vice President for Academic Affairs University of Dubuque United States Jerome Simpson Advancement Director 1956 United States Don Faris retired pastor Presbyterian Canada Samuel T. Logan Associate International Director The World Refomed Fellowship United States Douglas R. Blakelock Anglican priest ACNA United States Susan Robbins Professor Global Scholars United States Brian C Marshall College Pastor Christian Student Fellowship - University of Kentucky United States Dr. Brian J. Wright Pastor/Scholar Federal Bureau of Prisons United States Dr. Terrance Tiessen Professor Emeritus of Systematic Theology and Ethics Providence Theological Seminary Canada Dr. Bill R. Majors Missionary / Pastor CrossCulture Mission in Asia South Korea Rev. Anthony Bradseth Pastor Dolgeville/Oppenheim UMC United States Harry Mathews Seminarian Vineyard Church United States Howard Langdon Biddulph Retired Missionary One Mission Society United States Wes Griffin CEO International Leadership Institute United States Mark Thorpe Jones Member Trinity United Methodist Church United States Samuel Leon Padgett Lead Pastor Tell City First United Methodist Church United States Charles A. Clark, Jr Chaplain, Pastoral Counselor Webchaplainministry United States Randy Johnson Pensacola, FL United States Jim Elliott Pastor Presbyterian Australia Roger Jaudon Roger L. Jaudon Evangelistic Ministries United States Philip Morris Layman FBC Samson United States Nancy Lagow Dumad Lay Member United Methodist Church United States Mary Crowson Pastoral Musician Pine Forest UMC United States Charlene Murphy Follower of Jesus Christ Assembly of God United States Jonathan Altman Pastor Thunder Swamp Pentecostal Holiness Church United States Christopher Eby Layperson Church of the Brethren United States Cathy mcKay Lutheran United States Breton R Palmer Lay Elder Revolve Church (Acts 29) United States Victoria Mann Revernd UMC United States Sheena Oommen CEA India Wykus Louw Minister The United New Testament Church International South Africa Gregory Walker Volunteer United Methodist United States Robert W Busby Youth Minister Fellowship Baptist Church United States Rafael Torres Pastor Igl Renuevo Justo Puerto Rico Stephen Gunning United States B. Jacob Fowler Founder Christian Perspectives Blog United States Nicholas Harris Bible Teacher Berean Christian High School United States John Danganan Lead Pastor New Hope Community Church United States Debbie Bell Child of God Ozark United Methodist Church United States Rev. Hongchun Jacob Jeon Associate Pastor of Onnuri English Ministry Onnuri Community Church South Korea C. Fred Smith Elder Forest Baptist Church , Bedfored Co. VA United States Joël Swanson Diacre national associé UNEPREF France Leah Hartman Laity United Methodist Church United States Dr. Grant D. Taylor Associate Dean, Assistant Professor Beeson Divinity School United States Jared Parks Deacon Front Street Baptist Church United States Dr. Wesley D. Oden Senior Pastor Houghton Wesleyan Church United States Jamie Westlake Pastor United Methodist United States Gary Burden Pastor Bethesda Baptist Church, Clayton, NC United States Casey L. Donnelly Graduate Student (Th.M.) Dallas Theological Seminary United States Steve Clemons Director Adult Formation Epiphany Episcopal Parish, Seattle United States Peter L. H. Tie Assistant Professor of Systematic Theology Christian Witness Theological Seminary United States David Lee Bell Retired Elder United Methodist United States Josh Rodriguez Assistant Professor of Music Theory & Composition California Baptist University United States Bethany Locklear Student Gateway Seminary United States James Basinger Rector The Church of Our Saviour United States William A.Dunphy Christian author Rosedale Gardens Presbyterian Ch United States Rev. Edmund Ho Rector Toronto Emmanuel Church Canada William Walker President/Executive Director AMOR - Amazon Mission Organi5 Brazil James Rivera Serving Member Redeeming Grace Church, Fairfax, Va United States Jay Erwin Archer Pastor Fairfield Glade UMC United States Judy Walls Hamilton United methodist church United States Steven T Sudduth Pastor/Chaplain United Methodist Church/US Army United States Dr. Robert Hefner Professor Fruitland Baptist Bible College United States Chris Dow Rector Parish of Birch Hills, Kinistino & Muskoday - Anglican Diocese of Saskatchewan Canada Dylan Scott Justus Elder Foundation Communuity Church United States Werner Neuer Chairman of the Theological Commision of International Christian Netword (ICN), lecturer Reverend of the Lutheran Church of Württemberg Germany A. J. Smith Assist. Prof. Church History Liberty University Online School of Divinity United States Dr. Werner Neuer lecturer emeritus of Dogmatics, Ethics, Ecumenical Theology, Theology of Religion, Chairman of the Theological Commision of International Christian Network (ICN) Reverend of the Lutheran Church of Wuerttemberg Germany Dr. Elizabeth Y. Sung Paluch Professor of Theology Mundelein Seminary United States Dr. Gary D. Fenton Retired Senior Pastor Dawson Family of Faith United States Timothy Hsiao Professor of Humanities Grantham University United States Frederick Allen Livingood II Pastor West Side Baptist Church United States William Austin Long Pastor Gapway Baptist Church United States Rick Scott Elder New Life Foursquare United States Miroslav Balint-Feudvarski Pastor Baptist church Croatia Donna Marie Stone United States David Grant Elder United Methodist Church United States Rowena Drinkhouse Vice-President Reformation Tours, LLC United States Justin Karl Pastor Sojourn Community Church United States Tyler Smith Pastor Georgia Plain Baptist Church United States Rev. Chad Lewis Pastor of Spiritual Formation Sojourn Community Church United States Bryan Lilly Pastor Sojourn Community Church United States Karen Yarnell United States Lawson G. Stone Professor of Old Testament Asbury Theological Seminary United States Brandon Current Pastor Hudson Christian Church United States Donnie Haflich Brand Strategist Solid-State Apologetics United States Dr. Stanley N. Gundry SVP and Editor-in-Chief Zondervan Publishing House United States Jim Pounds Beeson Divinity School United States Rhett Totten Pastor, Associate 1st Baptist Church, Holton, KS United States Bradley Krantz Lay Leader Highline Christian Church United States John Michael LaRue Adjunct Professor Boyce College United States Dr. Daniel Flores Elder Life Together Monastic Community United States Marvin Huddleston Apologist CLife Church United States Steve Davidson Pastor First Baptist Church United States Dr. Santhosh P C Principal Agape Royal Ministries/ Logos College of Theology India Rev. Dr. Jon Wymer Lead Pastor York Evangelical Free Church United States John C. Biegel Pastor of Spiritual Growth and Discipleship Riverstone Church (The Evangelical Free Church of America) United States Josh Hayes PhD Candidate Westminster Theological Seminary United States Linda Absalom Mazibuko Lay Preacher Methidist Church in Africa South Africa John Ritland Elder Cornerstone Evangelical Free Church United States Jonathan Edward Crutchfield Layman The Sanctuary Fellowship United States Rev. William L. Pasieczny Assoc. Pastor of Discipleship Wylie UMC United States Meg Bilby Crossman Editor, PathWays Wonderful Mercy Church United States Robert John Quintana Pastor Pilgrim Congregational Church EFCA United States Earon M. James Sr. Lead Pastor Relevant Life Church United States Claudio Lopes Senior pastor Igreja Comunidade de Cristo/Christ Community Church United States Matt Jenson Associate Professor of Theology Torrey Honors Institute, Biola University United States Angela Cloyd Executive Assistant Asbury Theological Seminary United States Rev Roger L Fries Retired Missionary; Currently Registrar Legacy Bible College Retired EFCA Pastor and District Superintendent United States Samuel D. Fornecker PhD Candidate in Divinity University of Cambridge United Kingdom Dr. Jeffrey Tirrell Curriculum Specialist for Graduate Programs Azusa Pacific University United States Nathan Bressler Youth and Worship Minister Hagerman Baptist Church United States Chris Dolson Lead Pastor Blackhawk Church, Madison Wisconsin United States Matt Carter Assoc. Pastor of Connecting Ministries St. James United Methodist Church, LR United States Alejandro Mandes Executive Director of All People Evangelical Free Church of America United States Dr. Adrian Helleman Professor Emeritus Global Scholars Canada Matthew T. Buckler Biblical and Theological Studies Student Huntington University United States Jesse Buckler Youth volunteer Big Lake Church of God United States Loran E. Scott Retired Clergy Presbyterian Church usa United States Barbara Christine Winkler Cru Singapore Rev. Edward Frost Pastor Christ The Way, a Church of the Nazarene, Manchester NH United States Edward Beaver Executive Director The Cornerstone Foundation United States Mark David Culham Professor Southwestern Christian University United States Andy Cook Pastor Sojourn Community Church United States Dr. T. Kent Atkins President Southwest Educational Media Foundation United States Rev. S. Noah Reid Associate Pastor of Discipleship The Church at LifePark United States Leen IntVeld follower Faith Lutheran Church United States George Kalantzis Professor of Theology Wheaton College United States John Sneed United States Christopher Parr Student Boyce College United States Alan Cameron Minister Trinity Presbyterian Church South Africa Frank Severn General Director Emeritus Send International United States Jordan D. Harris Pastor-Teaching Elder Faith Presbyterian Church United States Jeff Carroll Minister Friendly Baptist Church United States Major Thomas C. Louden President The Salvation Army Evangeline Booth College United States Jacob Hoogendyk Philosophy Student Western Michigan University United States Rev. Jucelino Souza Pastor Igreja Presbiteriana do Brasil Brazil Marco Cajas Presidente Foro Gestion.net Guatemala Eric Hoehn Pastor East Chain Evangelical Free Church United States Wesley J. McClure Dean of Students/MDiv Student Sunshine Bible Academy/Moody Theological Seminary United States Herman J Smith Jr Elder Park Street Church United States Joseph Tan Thiam Hock Seminary student Amazing Grace Presbyterian Church Singapore Wilburn Shaw Williams Layperson Word Alive International Outreach United States Jean Henderson UMC Church Member Wesley Memorial UMC United States Rev. Jane Filkin Pastor of Discipleship + Community First Presbyterian Church of Boulder, Colorado United States Chea Pastor Iglesia Bautista Chile Dr. Larry Steven McDonald Dean and Professor of Christian Spirituality North Greenville University United States Spencer Shaw MDiv Candidate Duke Divinity School United States Hanna Parapat D.Miss student The Asia Graduate School of Theology Indonesia Melvin Tinker Senior Minister St John newland, Hull England United Kingdom Larry Michael Bertsch pastor Evangelical Pietist Church United States Dr. Thomas L. Fuller Director of Ministry Leadership Development Beeson Divinity School United States Joshua Drake Minister of Students First Baptist Church Ferris United States Jonathan David Faulkner Pastor Under Care CCCC United States Samantha Parsons M. Div. Student Beeson Divinity School United States Rev. Paul R. Anderson Pastor Dyer and Merrillville Presbyterian Church United States Willingson Shingnaisui Youth Pastor Baptist India Rev Dr Rick Mitchell Senior Pastor Wynnton UMC United States W. Stephen Gunter Research Professor Emeritus Duke Divinity School United States Jean Nicklas Baptist United States Karen Rabbitt Deacon Cornerstone Fellowship United States Michael S Sterns, MDiv Student Pastor Franklin Vineyard Church United States Dr. Johan Tredoux Senior Pastor Lenexa Community Covenant Church United States James Venable Retired Pastor American Baptist Churches United States Marcus Alford Student New Orleans Baptist Seminary United States Jeff Bangquil Laity United Church of Christ in the Philippines Philippines Mickie Holden Parishiner The Gathering United States George Oommen General Secretary Church History Association of India India Malcolm R. Brubaker Professor Emeritus University of Valley Forge United States Curtis Elliott Research The Salvation Army United States Dr. Steven Mathewson Senior Pastor CrossLife Evangelical Free Church United States Leszek Wakula Rev. 1st Baptist Church of Lodz Poland Roberto S. Cambrany Pastor of Hispanic Ministries CrossLifeEFC United States Carl Hofmann Pastor for Congregational Care First Presbyterian Church of Boulder United States Erik Hanson Lead Pastor First Presbyterian Church of Boulder United States Lalsangkima Pachuau JW Beeson Professor of Christian Mission Asbury Theological Seminary United States Dr. Marno Retief Theologian and Pastor South Africa Charles D. Hager Pastor The Cross Church United States Jerry Allen Wing Student Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary United States Aaron Knight Worship Leader, Sound Technician City View Christian Fellowship United States Leo Percer Associate Professor of Biblical Studies Liberty University United States Stephen Kim Honey St Andrew's Church Hong Kong Jonathan L Jenkins Pastor ELCA United States Douglas G Frank Director of Vocal Music Montgomery Presbyterian Church United States Richard Saunders Pastor Stone Ridge Bible Chapel Canada Cameron Zuni Member North Church ABQ United States Samuel Isaac Blanco III Asbury Seminary Student The United Methodist Church United States John T. Roberts History Teacher Trinity Christian Academy United States David Bloomer Layman Independent christian United States Poroshenko Vladimir president Rada Ukraine Neal Manning Lay-elder Grace Community Church United States Dr. John D. Meade Associate Professor of Old Testament Phoenix Seminary United States David James Tarrant McColgan Church of the Nazarene United Kingdom Coleman M. Ford Co-Founder The Center for Ancient Christian Studies United States Nathanael Ariel Juntos, missions United States Daniel Pessoa Divinity Student Trinity Evangelical Divinity School United States Thomas A. Lambrecht Vice President Good News United States Jorge Alcantara Pastor Maranata Brazil Patrick Augustin Associate Pastor Deerfield Baptist Church United States David James Foster Pastor Parkview Church United States Jonathan Olesky Pastor The Cross Church United States Samuel Blanco Pastor First UMC, Elgin, TX United States Jacob Earl Dacula Lay person Philippines Scott Kelly Pastor Evanston Baptist Church United States Rodolfo Quiñones Member Sovereign Grace Church of Ciudad Juarez Mexico Charles T. Carter Adjunct/Beeson Divinity School Samford University United States Jared Bradley Missionary Operation Mobilisation Turkey David P. B. Orton Founder/President Lifemessenger Australia Juan Carlis Rojas Castillo Pastor Iglesia Cristiana Camino de Fe Colombia Timothy R. Wilcoxson Assoc. Pastor New Washington Christian Church United States Timothy Daugaard Deacon/Westminster Presbyterian Church United States Kimlyn J. Bender Professor of Christian Theology George W. Truett Theological Seminary United States Craig Barnett Pastor Carlton Hills Southern Baptist Church United States Daniel Thompson Youth Pastor Valley Community Chapl United States Don Payne Assoc. Professor of Theology and Christian Formation Denver Seminary United States Charles R Spell Jr Pastor United Methodist Church United States John Marienau Turpin Director of Serve Ministries National Presbyterian Church United States Colleen Hepting Believer, witness Westview Baptist Canada Jim Frederick Layman Reformed United States Billie Jempty Women’s Ministry/Teacher Brentwood Oaks Church of Christ United States John Babuka Member Mount Hope United States Canon Dr. Leslie Martin Canon Theologian Diocese of Pankshin, Church of Nigeria Nigeria Brian James Cooper Elder Forest Hills Bible Chapel United States Paul Johnston Elder Forest Hills Bible Chapel United States Stephen Scott Adcock Heritage Church United States Robert Moorlach Pastor United Methodist/Jackson MN United States Thiago Bernales President Church of Christ Albania Bob Barger Volunteer College Church in Wheaton United States Godwin Sathianathan Lead Pastor Faith Evangelical Free Church United States Luis Artemio López Camacho Pastor Iglesia Cristiana El Jubileo Mexico Steven Jay Hostetter Vice President for Academic Affairs Pacific Rim Christian University United States Icaro de Souza Medeiros Barbosa Insejec Brazil Raul Alejandro Jaramillo de Lira Church Attendant Centro Cristiano Ágape Mexico Robert D. Branson Emeritus Professor of Biblical Literature Olivet Nazarene University United States Leonardo Cosme de Moraes Pastor Igreja Evangélica Assembleia de Deus Portugal Dr. Jeffrey Green Dean/Associate Professor of Philosophy Houston Baptist University United States Dr. Louis Daniel Wolfe Translocal Ministries Oakbrook Church United States Wayne Albert Conrad Teacher /Worship Leader Good Shepherd Community (Baptist) church United States Alex Mavrakis Concerned Christian Livingstone Presbyterian Canada Dr. Marvin J. Newell Senior Vice President Missio Nexus United States Dr. John C. Clark Associate Professor of Theology Moody Bible Institute United States John Shouse Professor of Christian Theology Gateway Seminary of the Southern Baptist Convention United States Robert Richenburg Elder/Chaplin Lutheran United States David K. Naugle Chair and Prof. of Philosophy and Distingushed University Professor and Professor of Developing a Christian Mind (DCM) Dallas Baptist University United States Don Hedges Associate Dean Trinity College and Trinity Graduate School United States Devin Tarr Lay leader Neighborhood Church of Chico United States Eileen Jones Retired Presbyterian United States John Brian McKillop United States James Ricker United States Richardo Cinema Seminary Student South East Asia Bible Seminary Indonesia Richardo Naraheda Pastor GBMI Indonesia Jacqueline L. Oravitz Member Covenant Presbyterian Church United States Frank Bragg Ambassador-At-Large #NoPlaceLeft United States Dr. David Saylor Sr. Pastor First Baptist Church, Manchester CT United States Leonardo F. Galanza Jr. Biblical &Theological Studies, Prof. Center for Biblical Studies, Institute & Seminary Philippines Alexander J. Nolette Theological Equipping Coordinator Mercy Hill Church United States Corey McLaughlin Senior Pastor Sheffield Chapel, sheffieldchapel.org United States Bruce Bentley Pastor City on a Hill Church United States Michael Rowntree Lead Pastor Wellspring Church United States David Steinhart Pastor Forest Park Baptist Church United States Dr. David Cole Interim President and Dean of Graduate Studies The King's University United States Mark Totten Pastor Grace Bible Church United States Andrew W. Cox Anglican Church of Australia Australia Michael Strand Elder Community Church (West Bend) United States Dr. Roger D Duke Retired College Professor Duke Consulting Group United States Robert C. Kurka Professor of Theology and Church in Culture Lincoln Christian University United States Tyler Frank Student Pastor Emmanuel Baptist Church United States James Murphy Deacon Faith Evangelical Free Church United States James H DeGarmo Lay Leader of Small Group Studies South Hills Church Community United States J. Steven Justice Attorney United States Chip Watkins Ruling Elder (inactive) McLean Presbyterian Church United States Dr. Barry K. Carpenter Sr. Lead Pastor Destin United Methodist Church United States Meng Suan LEE Singapore David B. Kennedy Professor Emeritus Grand Rapids Theological Seminary United States Terry Cobban Chaplain US Army United States Linda J Whitelock Lay leader Cargill UMC United States Matthew Mitchell Pastor Lanse Evangelical Free Church (EFCA) United States Raymond C. Hundley Retired missionary, pastor, university professor State College of Florida United States Dr. Raymond C. Hundley Retired missionary, pastor, university professor State College of Florida United States Larry R Baird Retired Elder United Methodist Church United States Robinson S. Brown III Lay person St. Francis in the Fields - Episcopal United States Tony Stevens Teacher Koinonia Christian Fellowship Canada Barry Dean Jordan Northbrook Baptist Church United States Sochanngam Student Baptist India Diana Logsdon United States Rev. Dr. James D. Ferguson Presbyter CANA East United States Ryan Jorgenson Sr Pastor Harvest Bible Chapel Des Moines United States micah "orsini" orsinger Executive Director Circular Fellaship United States Shaun M. Dean Shepherd Standing Stone Ministry United States G. Dean Beal Missionary Cru United States SHIJU SIMON CHERIAN JONES CHERIAN Teacher Madurai Bible college India Roger Kenneth Blake Pastor Munich Christian Fellowship Germany Thomas M. Warner Pastor MillBrook Christian Fellowship United States Rio Taylor Student The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary United States Evan King Southern Baptist Theological Seminary United States Rev. Dr. Kevin Mannoia Founder & Chair Wesleyan Holiness Connection United States J. David Ray Pastor Faith Baptist Church of Burton (Ohio), S. B. C. United States Raymond Walter Boeche Pastor for Adult Education Christ Lutheran Church—LCMS United States Jesse Furey Director Bonhoeffer Haus United States Jonathan Bowell Pastor Sojourn Church United States Deyvid de Souza Vilela Seventh-Day Adventist Church Brazil The Rev Benjamin R "Ben" Wright Semi-Retired Active Supply Priest Episcopal Church United States Micah Redfield Writer United States BettyLee Payne Founder American Anglican Council of Kentucky United States Michael R Razzano MR Marietta Gathering United States S. Carlston Berry Pastor/elder Better Life Ministries, Inc. United States Francois Louis Henn member baptist church Bonnyville Baptist Church Canada Pyong Chol Yim Missioary C&MA Mongolia Allen Solheim Retired Pastor Evangelical Church of North America United States Andrew Tryer Head elder Venture Seventh Day Adventist United States Jacob Swain Lead Pastor The View Church United States Jason Guess United States Dr. Michael Cherenkov Executive Field Director Mission Eurasia Ukraine Tom Wilson Executive Director UrbanMissionarySociety United States Peter Ivey Team Leader Cru United States David Savage CEO / Missionary 3 Bridges International Australia David T. Crews, Ph.D. Professional Theologian David Crews Ministries United States Chris Ulvin Evangelism & Outreach Christ Our Savior UMC United States David Goodfellow Pastor Smithfield Avenue Congregational Church United States Sharon R Bailey Provisional Elder United Methodist Church United States Wesley Mills President Apostolic Church of Pentecost of Canada Canada George van der Merwe Retired Minister Combined Churches in Action, Clarens South Africa Michael Tucker Elder Diamond Canyon Christian Church United States Dr. Mark L. Strauss University Professor of New Testament Bethel Seminary San Diego of Bethel University United States Gabriel W. Mercado Pastor Church of True Light United States Ruut Mirjam Mononen Director, Asia Fida International Finland Russell Board Director of Asia/Pacific Missions International Pentecostal Holiness Church Japan Rey Evano Seventh Day Adventist United States Dr. Nicholas Miller Professor of Church History Andrews University - Adventist Seminary United States Dr. David A. Barrett Priest ACNA United States Manny Alamo Youth Coordinator First Hispanic Baptist Church, Deltona FL United States Susan Holladay United States Michael W. Campbell Associate Professor Adventist International Institute of Advanced Studies/Seventh-day Adventist Philippines Dr. Trent Eastman Lead Pastor New Baptist Church United States Eric A Korff Retired Seventh-day Adventist United States Dr Joel Morris Executive Director Union United Kingdom Lawrence Webb Parishioner United States Zana Lubina Kalabric Missionary World Partners Cyprus Paul Walker Member Hope Church Bahamas Joel Wright Least-Reached Peoples Strategist Converge / Baptist General Conference United States Michael Ward Bible translator SIL Mexico United States Rev. Chad M Steenwyk Pastor Central Avenue Christian Reformed Church United States Captain Dr. Andy Miller III Area Commander The Salvation - Tampa, Florida United States Dawn Busby The Salvation Army United States Nathan Miller Assistant professor of music Asbury University United States Bruce Lungren Missionary ACOP of Canada Inc Canada Rev. Kevin G. Bausman Pastor First Presbyterian Church, Anderson, IN United States Rev. Timothy M. Hall Pastor Butterfield Community Bible Church United States Timothy Ryan Dillon Research and Writing Assistant Living Hope Fellowship, Portland United States Blanca Erika Lugo Salvation Army soldier The Salvation Army United States Rev. David J. McMartin Retired Pastor Evangelical Free Church of America United States Nathan Hutchinson United States Harry Wang Bible Student Wang Law Firm United States Wes Emory Student Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary United States James A. Ayars Pastor Seventh Day Adventist United States Nicholas Magomana District chairperson Methodist church Zimbabwe José Raúl Febus Adjunct professor Center for Latino Studies Pentecostal Theological Seminary United States Eugenio Duarte General Superintendent Church of the Nazarene United States David Graves General Superintendent Church of the Nazarene United States David Busic General Superintendent Church of the Nazarene United States Gustavo Crocker General Superintendent Church of the Nazarene United States Filimao Chambo General Superintendent Church of the Nazarene United States Carla Sunberg General Superintendent Church of the Nazarene United States Dr. Dave Gallagher Pastor Emeritus Palm West Community Church United States August Guillaume member Fellowship CRC Edm Canada Derek Melleby Executive Director OneLife Institute United States Gwendolyn Bowman Missionary to Spain Global Outreach United States Sergio A. Caishpal Associate Pastor Seventh-day Adventist Church United States Albert Knoester Elder Nachalat Yeshua Beersheva Israel Dr. Dirk Griffioen Pastor-Emeritus Reformed Church Liberated Netherlands Brock Brockway Deacon Holy Trinity Church United States Dr. William den Boer Theological University Kampen Netherlands Allen W. Parmenter II Pastor Baptist United States Leen Mak Mere Protestant Netherlands William W Cobern Professor Western Michigan University United States Donna L Wessel Seventh Day Adventist United States James A.Ayars Pastor Seventh-day Adventist United States Ronald E Hagerty Ordained A.C.O.P. Canada Herman Schoene MD E V Free United States Dr. Robert Sherman Academic Dean NEBC/Grace Evangelical Seminary United States Nichols Miller Professor Andrews University Adventist United States Christopher Pitta Pastor (retired) Seventh-day Adventist United Kingdom Rev. Peter G.I. van den Berg Pastor Dutch Reformed Church Netherlands Kees de Bruijn Member CGK Barendrecht Netherlands Peter Wouter Hasselman Netherlands Hubertus Murk Member Seventh Day Adventist Netherlands Russell Gunsalus Executive Director, Education and Clergy Development The Wesleyan Church United States Rev. Michael Keating Pastor Cimarron United Methodist Church United States Jeffrey Wurtz retiree Peninsula Bible Church Cupertino United States Steve Edwards Thorne Layman St. Bartholomew’s Episcopal Church United States Thomas Zimmermann Member FCC / Frankfurt City Church Germany Jonathan Lay Preacher United Methodist Church United States Nathaniel Lee Graduate Student Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary United States Rev. Ryan Oswald Mint Spring United Methodist Church United States Melvin McMillen Former Associate Professor-New Testament Kingswood University Canada Deyvid de Souza Vilela Presbyterian Church of Brazil Brazil Armando Marcos Pinto Ilustrador Igreja Presbiteriana da Barra Funda - SP Brazil Chase Mendoza Associate Otis Baptist Church United States Zé Bruno Diácono Assembléia de Deus Brazil Dr. H. David Schuringa Executive Director North Star Ministry Consultants United States Mark Mixter Volunteer willow creek community church United States Rev. Adam Knight Sr. Pastor Coker United Methodist Church United States Curtis Alan Stacy Pastor Roseann Evangelical Presbyterian United States Dr. Michael McNeff Lead Pastor RockRidge Church United States Dr. Ed Gerber Lead Pastor Willoughby Christian Reformed Church Canada Stephen T. Pardue Associate Professor International Graduate School of Leadership Philippines Michele Rogers Student The Seattle School of Theology and Psychology United States Victor Bernardo Kupper Elder Igreja Presbiteriana do Jaraguá Brazil Daniel Pyle deacon PCA United States Adam Berke United States Diane W. Jones Lay person New Windsor Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church United States Prof. Don Westblade Prof of Religion Hillsdale College United States Joseph Mark Tan Thiam Hock Small Group Leader Amazing Grace Presbyterian Church Singapore Mr. Jonathan Mills Trinity Reformed Baptist Church United States Anton Visser eldery Reformed Church Netherlands Rev. Michael Saville Pastor Faith Reformed Church Canada Jennifer Bedell Vineyard at the River United States Eric MAILLEFER Retired Missionary Evangelical Free Church of America United States Mark Dattoli Executive Director Grace Bible Church United States James R. Wood ThM Student Princeton Theological Seminary United States Fergus Macdonald Retired Presbyterian Minister Free Church of Scotland United Kingdom Jeff Crichton Layperson Shoreline Church United States Yoon Duk Kim Professor Kernel University United States Kevin Figgins Pastor Christ the King Church, Augusta, GA United States Zhenhua Zhang Seminary student China Rev. Benjamin A. Cuthbert Pastor College Baptist Church United States João Guilherme PIton Oliveira Deacon Igreja Presbiteriana do Brasil Brazil Karen Arlene Garza Reyes Pastor's Wife Potters House Mexico Tom Minor President Rescued For Love United States Alejandro Baus Theology Professor Kyrios Christian University Argentina Connor W Pfaff Student Biola University United States Warren Kevin Hardee United States Scott B. Anderson Lead Pastor Lambrick Park Church Canada Dennis Dirks (Retired) Dean Talbot School of Theology/Biola Univ United States Jan van 't Spijker Assistant Professor of Missiology Christian Reformed Churches in the Netherlands Netherlands David A. Parker Pastor Oak Harbor First United Methodist Church United States Jonathan Hanna Apologist Christian Church United States James Gregory Merritt Lead Pastor Cross Pointe Church United States Dr. Robert W. Yarbrough Professor of New Testament Covenant Theological Seminary United States Christopher William Peters Senior Minister Russell Springs Christian Church United States Jack Shannon Rector Saint Athanasius Reformed Catholic Church United States Jose Ismael B. Valmores Elder Community Church of Las Piñas Philippines Ted Bigelow Pastor of Preaching and Development Grace Bible Church United States Shivraj K. Mahendra PhD Candidate Asbury Theological Seminary United States Leonardo Rander Asse Jr Pianist/ Lay member Jaragua Presbyterian Church Brazil Matthew J. Saunders Free Will Baptists United States Michael Künnemann Preacher EFG München Großhadern Germany Stephen Speer Canada Randall Wittig Advisor AGC,LTD Honduras Jose Campos Senior Pastor Vida Abundante Norte Cariari Costa Rica Maxime Georgel Student Theology France Alan K. Howe Authorised Local Preacher St Paul's CofE, Clacton-on-Sea United Kingdom David Hohl Church lay preacher Weaverland anabaptist church United States Daniel Degner Student Liberty University United States Larry Henry Pam Pastor Evangelical Church Winning All (ECWA) Nigeria Jeffrey Zane Hansen Twin Tiers Evangelical Presbyterian Church United States Emily Edmunds United States D. Trent Hyatt Research & Teaching Fellow, Inst. for Bib. & Theol. Studies, Eastern Europe & Russia Cru United States Rev. Dr. Gregory P Wagenfuhr Theological Coordinator ECO: A Covenant Order of Evangelical Presbyterians United States Zamir Mingo Worker for the harvest. Organization Albania Julie Cheek United States jose mauricio moraes vinha laity presbiteryan church Brazil Terry Cobban Chaplain US Army United States William Smith Laymen Evangelical United States choon sam fong Singapore Donnie Haflich Director Think Solid-State United States Kiem Le Pastor Living Word Community Church United States Dr. G. Steven Suits Former Moderator Asociate Reformed Presbyterian Synod United States Eugene Egorov Pastor Evangelical Baptist Church Russia Rev. Zachary Bright Teaching Elder (on disability) Presbyterian Church (USA) United States Jake Swadling Lead Elder Anchor Church Port Adelaide Australia Matthew Bedzyk Pastor Elmira Christian Center United States Joshua Pangborn Elder Calvary Chapel Lexington, KY United States Daniel Pop Biserica nr. 1 Carpati, Cluj-Napoca Romania Rev. Jonathan Good Church Mobilization Director International Justice Mission United States Dr. David Calvert Worship Leader Grace Community Church United States The Rev. Dr. Tom Bryant Pastor IOCC United States Russell Sutherland Elder Emeritus Trinity Grace Church Canada Rev. Dave Lindberg Pastor Presbyterian Church in America United States Jose David Cardozo Leader Greenhousemovement United States Wolf Paul Member Freikirchen in Österreich Austria Ivan Garcia Southern Baptist United States Joseph McCulley Student Bethlehem College & Seminary United States César Augusto de Araújo Lopes Sunday School Teacher Assembly of God Brazil Brad Brown Discipleship Pastor Shades Valley Community Church (EFCA) United States Lourens Brink Postgraduate student University of the Free State South Africa Rev. Cory Richard Koos former Pastor Glenshaw Alliance Church United States David J. Houston Lay Minister Free Methodist Church of Canada Canada Ethan C. Hicks Layman Holy Trinity Anglican Church United States Douglas Ribeiro do Espirito Santo Member Presbyterian Church of Brazil Brazil John Thuppayath Teacher Trinity Church Kollam India Jonathan Huggins Chaplain Berry College United States Jonathan Sprowl Redeemer Community United States Rev. Matthew Jolley Pastor Bury St Edmunds Presbyterian Church United Kingdom Robert White E.V. Free United States Laetitia Swart Member Dutch Reformed Church South Africa Rudolf Hebling member Willow Creek Community Church United States Wade McComas Pastor Mountain View Hermanus South Africa Filipe dos Santos Leal Reformed Baptist Brazil Jose Maria Dos Santos Adventista Adventista do Setmo Dia Brazil Felipe Da Silva Pinheiro Membro Igreja Batista de Irauçuba Brazil Carlos Costa Member Bola de Neve Church Brazil Matheus de Souza Sales Missionário Igreja Batista Brazil James A. Alves Ancion Adventist se vem day Argentina James A. Nilson Presidente Adventist se vem day Argentina Michael Larsen Lead Pastor Encounter Christian Church United States Jessica Putri Gunawan Indonesia}
Read this Promise from Early Writings: Soon we [See Appendix.] heard the voice of God like many waters(read about this voice in Revelation 14:1-5), which gave us the day and hour of Jesus’ coming. The living saints, 144,000 in number, knew and understood the voice, while the wicked thought it was thunder and an earthquake. When God spoke the time, He poured upon us the Holy Ghost, and our faces began to light up and shine with the glory of God, as Moses’ did when he came down from Mount Sinai.Exodus 24:1-18{ The Covenant Confirmed: 1.Then the Lord said to Moses, “Come up to the Lord, you and Aaron, Nadab and Abihu, and seventy of the elders of Israel. You are to worship at a distance, 2. but Moses alone is to approach the Lord; the others must not come near. And the people may not come up with him.” 3. When Moses went and told the people all the Lord’s words and laws, they responded with one voice, “Everything the Lord has said we will do.” 4. Moses then wrote down everything the Lord had said. He got up early the next morning and built an altar at the foot of the mountain and set up twelve stone pillars representing the twelve tribes of Israel. 5. Then he sent young Israelite men, and they offered burnt offerings and sacrificed young bulls as fellowship offerings to the Lord. 6. Moses took half of the blood and put it in bowls, and the other half he splashed against the altar. 7. Then he took the Book of the Covenant and read it to the people. They responded, “We will do everything the Lord has said; we will obey.” 8. Moses then took the blood, sprinkled it on the people and said, “This is the blood of the covenant that the Lord has made with you in accordance with all these words.” 9. Moses and Aaron, Nadab and Abihu, and the seventy elders of Israel went up 10. and saw the God of Israel. Under his feet was something like a pavement made of lapis lazuli, as bright blue as the sky. 11. But God did not raise his hand against these leaders of the Israelites; they saw God, and they ate and drank. 12. The Lord said to Moses, “Come up to me on the mountain and stay here, and I will give you the tablets of stone with the law and commandments I have written for their instruction.” 13. Then Moses set out with Joshua his aide, and Moses went up on the mountain of God. 14. He said to the elders, “Wait here for us until we come back to you. Aaron and Hur are with you, and anyone involved in a dispute can go to them.” 15. When Moses went up on the mountain, the cloud covered it, 16. and the glory of the Lord settled on Mount Sinai. For six days the cloud covered the mountain, and on the seventh day the Lord called to Moses from within the cloud. 17. To the Israelites the glory of the Lord looked like a consuming fire on top of the mountain. 18. Then Moses entered the cloud as he went on up the mountain. And he stayed on the mountain forty days and forty nights.}d) "1177=1000+177=1000+100+70+7"
From 0 AD to 340 AD is 340 Years.
From 340 AD to 1517 AD is 1177 Years.
From 538 AD to 1715 AD is 1177 Years.
From 1517 AD TO 2017 AD is 500 Years.
(340 years +500 Years=840 Years),
Israel has 12 tribes represented by 70 elders giving (70X12= 840 Initiation Number) deducted in Exodus 24:1-18 where Almighty God has given two stones written on them 10 commandments including the 7th Day Sabbath which 7th day Adventist General Conference has decided to hand its holiness to the ROMAN PAPACY on 31st October 2017 by signing to Unit with SATAN that works within the Apostate Protestants and inside the Roman Catholic Pagan Church led by Jesuits who vowed to exterminate all Protestants in order to get supremacy over humans' consciousness and religious freedom.
Calculation of the "Principal Repetition Number 1177" was discovered to be based on the ROMAN JESUIT pope's SATANIC Great Victory over the current 7th Day Adventist General Conference on October 31st, 2017 defeated them when accepted to sign to unit with HIM, an event which was the year that gives a go a head to the Roman papacy to move forwards its SUN-DAY Laudato SI' 237 paragraph campaigns to enforce INTERNATIONAL SUN-DAY Land LAWS of Laudato SI' paragraph 237 in all Nations worldwide involving Worldwide Governments Leaders and Businesses Companies Leaders under a campaign named "Our Only Future" 1.50C with 177 companies signed to move this Climate Change SUN-DAY LAWS before 2050, while Jesus Christ is going to come in 2024!!!!!!!.
Israel has 12 tribes represented by 70 elders giving (70X12= 840 Initiation Number) deducted in Exodus 24:1-18 where Almighty God has given two stones written on them 10 commandments including the 7th Day Sabbath which 7th day Adventist General Conference has decided to hand its holiness to the ROMAN PAPACY on 31st October 2017 by signing to Unit with SATAN that works within the Apostate Protestants and inside the Roman Catholic Pagan Church led by Jesuits who vowed to exterminate all Protestants in order to get supremacy over humans' consciousness and religious freedom.
Calculation of the "Principal Repetition Number 1177" was discovered to be based on the ROMAN JESUIT pope's SATANIC Great Victory over the current 7th Day Adventist General Conference on October 31st, 2017 defeated them when accepted to sign to unit with HIM, an event which was the year that gives a go a head to the Roman papacy to move forwards its SUN-DAY Laudato SI' 237 paragraph campaigns to enforce INTERNATIONAL SUN-DAY Land LAWS of Laudato SI' paragraph 237 in all Nations worldwide involving Worldwide Governments Leaders and Businesses Companies Leaders under a campaign named "Our Only Future" 1.50C with 177 companies signed to move this Climate Change SUN-DAY LAWS before 2050, while Jesus Christ is going to come in 2024!!!!!!!.
2017- 840=1177 Principal Repetition Number(PRN).
*1844+177=2021, Close of Probation for SDA & enforcement of the Mark of the BEAST whose Biblical defined Number is 666(The Vicar of Son of God=The Roman Catholic Church Pontifex Maximus=Pope Francis).
*1847+177=2024,Close of Probation for NON SDA & the end of 7th plague in which will be the 2nd Coming of Jesus Christ.
*1847+1177=3024, from 2024 the final year for life on this earth to the final Time for all existed non repented Sinners to be Cast into HELL by Almighty God and the time for the NEW Jerusalem coming from Heaven to the New Earth.
*From the New Earth Year 3024-1000 Years= 01:59'a.m 15th October 2024 the 7th plagues and 2nd Coming of Jesus Christ.
Daniel 9: 1-27;
70 weeks= 7 weeks+62 weeks+1 week;
Last 1 week= 7 days= 7 years= 31st/10/2017 to 31/10/2024;
Daniel 12:1-13;
Time,Times, and Half of Time=
1260 days=42 months=3 years & 6 months,
1290 days= 3 years & 7 Months,
1335 days= 3 years & 8 months & 15 days.
To determine the midst of 7 Years from 31st/10/2017 to 31/10/2024,
Take [(31/10/2024)-(1335 days= 3 years & 8 months & 15 days.)]=
(31-15)Days=16 DaysTime,Times, and Half of Time=
1260 days=42 months=3 years & 6 months,
1290 days= 3 years & 7 Months,
1335 days= 3 years & 8 months & 15 days.
To determine the midst of 7 Years from 31st/10/2017 to 31/10/2024,
Take [(31/10/2024)-(1335 days= 3 years & 8 months & 15 days.)]=
(10-8)Months=2 Months
(2024-3)Years=2021 Year;
Between 7th-16th/02/2021 is the midst of 7 years found in Daniel 9:27 as 1 week from 31/10/2017 to 31/10/2024;
Thus from 7th February 2021 to add 1335 days bring us to the 2nd coming of our Lord Jesus Christ our Everlasting King on 15th October 2024,at 01:59'.
Then We will take journey of 7 days from this earth on 15th October 2024 to arrive on the Sea of glass in the heavenly Canaan on 22nd October 2024.
Save the date bellow:
{Daniel 9:27 He(Pope Francis) will confirm a covenant(Total Signature Count: 1457 ) with many(– A Reforming Catholic Confession – A “Mere Protestant” Statement of Faith to mark the 500th anniversary of the Reformation THE REFORMING CATHOLIC CONFESSION WHAT WE, PROTESTANTS OF DIVERSE CHURCHES AND THEOLOGICAL TRADITIONS, SAY TOGETHER “We believe…” ) for one ‘seven.’(31/10/2017 to 31/10/2024) In the middle of the ‘seven’(7-16/02/2021) he will put an end to sacrifice and offering(After enforcement of NATIONAL SUNDAY LAWS,THERE will be No more SDA Saturday Churches,SDA General Conference will shift then Church activities on Sunday to continue in the same churches it was used to be on Saturdays, no tenths and offerings will continue to be offered on Saturdays). And at the temple he will set up an abomination that causes desolation(NATIONAL SUNDAY LAWS in 2021), until the end that is decreed is poured out on him.( Pope will be killed by 7 plagues 16/02/2024 to 15/10/2024)”}
Please share.
177 Companies Have Pledged to Reach Net-Zero Emissions by UN's 2050
, Surprisingly , this United Nation(UN)'s SUN-DAY LAND LAWS promoting Companies met this number 177 , while the main target of these Laudato SI's SUN-DAY LAWS
promoting Companies is matching with the discovered Year 2021 using 1177 PRN exctracting 1000 that stand for bridging the End of Old Earth 2024 and the beginning of the New Earth in 3024 where remained Repetition Number 177 , while this number 177 stand for bridging the Year of opening Human Probation when Jesus Christ entered the Most Holiest Room of the Heavenly Sanctuary from 1844
to the Year of UN's Enforcing the SUN-DAY LAND LAWS in all Nations worldwide in the Year 2021 , become the
Year of setting Up International Sun-Day Law of Laudato SI' which will give birth to
the prophesied persecution by all nations against True 7th day Holy Sabbath Keepers in all worldwide Nations and the close of Probation to All 7th
Day Sabbath Adventists who neglected confessing their sins to be justified by the Faith of Jesus Christ to leave the Sinners' status and join the Saints' status as written in 1 John 3:1-20, and after persecution in 42 months which is equal to 3 Years and 6 months that will be completed at the End of 5th plague that will last for 5 months and +2 months and 15 Days that will be completed at the End of 6th and 7th Plagues , is 2nd Coming of Jesus Christ the King of Kings on 15th October 2024 , Midnight at 01:59' a.m.
JesusChrist isOnlyKing&IsComing.What'llYouDoIn2024!WithYourSUN-DAY?!?,Please share the links:http://www.africanunionsc.org/2019/11/article-title-our-king-jesus-christ-son.html ,http://www.africanunionsc.org/2019/11/ausc-shares-christopher-columbus-and.html ,http://www.africanunionsc.org/2019/11/malachi-martin-on-liberation-theology.html ,http://www.africanunionsc.org/2019/11/restoration-of-true-gods-theocracy-via.html ,http://www.africanunionsc.org/2019/11/usas-paula-white-cain-brings.html ,#Cop25LaudatoSi ,#Cop25Madrid2019 ,#COP25 ,#WeAreUnstoppable ,#CO2ChallengeTeam ,#CO2
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e)Seven Angels With Seven Plagues Revelation 15:1-4,{1.I saw in heaven another great and marvelous sign: seven angels with the seven last plagues—last, because with them God’s wrath is completed. 2. And I saw what looked like a sea of glass glowing with fire and, standing beside the sea, those who had been victorious over the beast and its image and over the number of its name. They held harps given them by God 3. and sang the song of God’s servant Moses and of the Lamb: 1.Listen, you heavens, and I will speak; hear, you earth, the words of my mouth. 2. Let my teaching fall like rain and my words descend like dew, like showers on new grass, like abundant rain on tender plants. 3. I will proclaim the name of the Lord. Oh, praise the greatness of our God! 4. He is the Rock, his works are perfect, and all his ways are just. A faithful God who does no wrong, upright and just is he. 5. They are corrupt and not his children; to their shame they are a warped and crooked generation. 6. Is this the way you repay the Lord, you foolish and unwise people? Is he not your Father, your Creator, who made you and formed you? 7. Remember the days of old; consider the generations long past. Ask your father and he will tell you, your elders, and they will explain to you. 8. When the Most High gave the nations their inheritance, when he divided all mankind, he set up boundaries for the peoples according to the number of the sons of Israel. 9. For the Lord’s portion is his people, Jacob his allotted inheritance. 10. In a desert land he found him, in a barren and howling waste. He shielded him and cared for him; he guarded him as the apple of his eye, 11 like an eagle that stirs up its nest and hovers over its young, that spreads its wings to catch them and carries them aloft. 12. The Lord alone led him; no foreign god was with him. 13. He made him ride on the heights of the land and fed him with the fruit of the fields. He nourished him with honey from the rock, and with oil from the flinty crag, 14 with curds and milk from herd and flock and with fattened lambs and goats, with choice rams of Bashan and the finest kernels of wheat. You drank the foaming blood of the grape. 15 Jeshurun grew fat and kicked; filled with food, they became heavy and sleek. They abandoned the God who made them and rejected the Rock their Savior. 16. They made him jealous with their foreign gods and angered him with their detestable idols. 17. They sacrificed to false gods, which are not God— gods they had not known, gods that recently appeared, gods your ancestors did not fear. 18. You deserted the Rock, who fathered you; you forgot the God who gave you birth. 19. The Lord saw this and rejected them because he was angered by his sons and daughters. 20. “I will hide my face from them,” he said, “and see what their end will be; for they are a perverse generation, children who are unfaithful. 21. They made me jealous by what is no god and angered me with their worthless idols. I will make them envious by those who are not a people; I will make them angry by a nation that has no understanding. 22. For a fire will be kindled by my wrath, one that burns down to the realm of the dead below. It will devour the earth and its harvests and set afire the foundations of the mountains. 23. “I will heap calamities on them and spend my arrows against them. 24. I will send wasting famine against them, consuming pestilence and deadly plague; I will send against them the fangs of wild beasts, the venom of vipers that glide in the dust. 25. In the street the sword will make them childless; in their homes terror will reign. The young men and young women will perish, the infants and those with gray hair. 26. I said I would scatter them and erase their name from human memory, 27. but I dreaded the taunt of the enemy, lest the adversary misunderstand and say, ‘Our hand has triumphed; the Lord has not done all this.’” 28. They are a nation without sense, there is no discernment in them. 29. If only they were wise and would understand this and discern what their end will be! 30. How could one man chase a thousand, or two put ten thousand to flight, unless their Rock had sold them, unless the Lord had given them up? 31. For their rock is not like our Rock, as even our enemies concede. 32. Their vine comes from the vine of Sodom and from the fields of Gomorrah. Their grapes are filled with poison, and their clusters with bitterness. 33. Their wine is the venom of serpents, the deadly poison of cobras. 34. “Have I not kept this in reserve and sealed it in my vaults? 35. It is mine to avenge; I will repay. In due time their foot will slip; their day of disaster is near and their doom rushes upon them.” 36. The Lord will vindicate his people and relent concerning his servants when he sees their strength is gone and no one is left, slave or free. 37 He will say: “Now where are their gods, the rock they took refuge in, 38 the gods who ate the fat of their sacrifices and drank the wine of their drink offerings? Let them rise up to help you! Let them give you shelter! 39 “See now that I myself am he! There is no god besides me. I put to death and I bring to life, I have wounded and I will heal, and no one can deliver out of my hand. 40. I lift my hand to heaven and solemnly swear: As surely as I live forever, 41. when I sharpen my flashing sword and my hand grasps it in judgment, I will take vengeance on my adversaries and repay those who hate me. 42. I will make my arrows drunk with blood, while my sword devours flesh: the blood of the slain and the captives, the heads of the enemy leaders.” 43. Rejoice, you nations, with his people, for he will avenge the blood of his servants; he will take vengeance on his enemies and make atonement for his land and people. 44. Moses came with Joshua son of Nun and spoke all the words of this song in the hearing of the people. 45. When Moses finished reciting all these words to all Israel, 46. he said to them, “Take to heart all the words I have solemnly declared to you this day, so that you may command your children to obey carefully all the words of this law. 47. They are not just idle words for you—they are your life. By them you will live long in the land you are crossing the Jordan to possess.” Moses to Die on Mount Nebo 48. On that same day the Lord told Moses, 49. “Go up into the Abarim Range to Mount Nebo in Moab, across from Jericho, and view Canaan, the land I am giving the Israelites as their own possession. 50. There on the mountain that you have climbed you will die and be gathered to your people, just as your brother Aaron died on Mount Hor and was gathered to his people. 51. This is because both of you broke faith with me in the presence of the Israelites at the waters of Meribah Kadesh in the Desert of Zin and because you did not uphold my holiness among the Israelites. 52. Therefore, you will see the land only from a distance; you will not enter the land I am giving to the people of Israel.” }
8.
Early Writings,Home,EGW Writings,Books,Early Writings
Historical Prologue- The Great Advent Awakening
- The Reckoning of the Prophetic Periods
- The Disappointment and Its Aftermath
- A Vision Is Given to Ellen Harmon
- Two Groups of Adventists
- Dawn of the Light on the Sanctuary
- Truths Confirmed by Vision
- The Beginnings of Sabbath Observance
- Significance of the Sabbath Revealed
- The Important Sabbath Conferences
- The Pioneers Begin to Publish
- Starting the Review and Herald
- The Publishing Work Grows
- Battle Creek Becomes the Publishing Center
- The “Shut Door” and the “Open Door”
- The Two Ways Out of the Perplexity
- The Call for Church Organization
- The Great Controversy Vision
- Subsequent Visions
- The Sealing
- God's Love for His People
- Shaking of the Powers of Heaven
- The Open and the Shut Door
- The Trial of our Faith
- To the “Little Flock”
- The Last Plagues and the Judgment
- End of the 2300 Days
- Duty in View of the Time of Trouble
- “Mysterious Rapping”
- The Messengers
- Mark of the Beast
- The Blind Leading the Blind
- Preparation for the End
- Prayer and Faith
- The Gathering Time
- Mrs. White's Dreams
- William Miller's Dream
- An Explanation
- Gospel Order
- Church Difficulties
- Hope of the Church
- Preparation for Christ's Coming
- Faithfulness in Social Meeting
- To the Inexperienced
- Self-Denial
- Irreverence
- False Shepherds
- God's Gift to Man
- Introduction
- The Fall of Satan
- The Fall of Man
- The Plan of Salvation
- The First Advent Of Christ
- The Ministry of Christ
- The Transfiguration
- The Betrayal of Christ
- The Trial of Christ
- The Crucifixion of Christ
- The Resurrection of Christ
- The Ascension of Christ
- The Disciples of Christ
- The Death of Stephen
- The Conversion of Saul
- The Jews Decide to Kill Paul
- Paul Visits Jerusalem
- The Great Apostasy
- The Mystery of Iniquity
- Death Not Eternal Life in Misery
- The Reformation
- The Church and the World United
- William Miller
- The First Angel's Message
- The Second Angel's Message
- The Advent Movement Illustrated
- Another Illustration
- The Sanctuary
- The Third Angel's Message
- A Firm Platform
- Spiritualism
- Covetousness
- The Shaking
- The Sins of Babylon
- The Loud Cry
- The Third Message Closed
- The Time of Trouble
- Deliverance of the Saints
- The Saints’ Reward
- The Earth Desolated
- The Second Resurrection
- The Second Death
9.{ Read and Listen Audio of the Full Last Day Events Book online, by Ellen G.White.
Kanda ho wisomere IBITABO 12 BYA ELINA WAYITI MU K' INYARWANDA BIKURIKIRA:
To the Reader,
Download the PDF of
Click Here to read Last Day Events Book in English online and In Kinyarwanda: Ibyaduka Byo Muminsi Y'Imperuka, Wasoma na none( Inyandiko Z'Ibanze, and Intambara Ikomeye. Together:1) Word Document, 2)PDF document )
Download the PDF of
Click Here to read Last Day Events Book in English online and In Kinyarwanda: Ibyaduka Byo Muminsi Y'Imperuka, Wasoma na none( Inyandiko Z'Ibanze, and Intambara Ikomeye. Together:1) Word Document, 2)PDF document )
Chapter 20—The Inheritance of the Saints }
10. Dear beloved reader of this Article, I would like to share with You an other Source of All Chapters and when You open each Chapter You will be able to either read through the full text or open the other Site:
10. Dear beloved reader of this Article, I would like to share with You an other Source of All Chapters and when You open each Chapter You will be able to either read through the full text or open the other Site:
[Great Controversy Audio Book was removed on YouTube , Read and listen Original Audio Clips from this link and please take copies of screen shoots or PDFs to keep these books with your future use offline: https://m.egwwritings.org/en/book/132.2/toc ]
{The Great Controversy continues:
The Great Controversy
G C |
Any time You open any of the Great Controversy Book chapter from below on this Site{https://m.egwwritings.org/en/folders/4 } , You click on this icon above: on the right corner to listen to the Audio Clips
- Preface
- Introduction
- Chapter 1—The Destruction of Jerusalem
- Chapter 2—Persecution in the First Centuries
- Chapter 3—An Era of Spiritual Darkness
- Chapter 4—The Waldenses
- Chapter 5—John Wycliffe
- Chapter 6—Huss and Jerome
- Chapter 7—Luther's Separation From Rome
- Chapter 8—Luther Before the Diet
- Chapter 9—The Swiss Reformer
- Chapter 10—Progress of Reform in Germany
- Chapter 11—Protest of the Princes
- Chapter 12—The French Reformation
- Chapter 13—The Netherlands and Scandinavia
- Chapter 14—Later English Reformers
- Chapter 15—The Bible and the French Revolution
- Chapter 16—The Pilgrim Fathers
- Chapter 17—Heralds of the Morning
- Chapter 18—An American Reformer
- Chapter 19—Light Through Darkness
- Chapter 20—A Great Religious Awakening
- Chapter 21—A Warning Rejected
- Chapter 22—Prophecies Fulfilled
- Chapter 23—What is the Sanctuary?
- Chapter 24—In the Holy of Holies
- Chapter 25—God's Law Immutable
- Chapter 26—A Work of Reform
- Chapter 27—Modern Revivals
- Chapter 28—Facing Life's Record
- Chapter 29—The Origin of Evil
- Chapter 30—Enmity Between Man and Satan
- Chapter 31—Agency of Evil Spirits
- Chapter 32—Snares of Satan
- Chapter 33—The First Great Deception
- Chapter 34—Can Our Dead Speak to Us?
- Chapter 35—Liberty of Conscience Threatened
- Chapter 36—The Impending Conflict
- Chapter 37—The Scriptures a Safeguard
- Chapter 38—The Final Warning
- Chapter 39—The Time of Trouble
- Chapter 40—God's People Delivered
- Chapter 41—Desolation of the Earth
- Chapter 42—The Controversy Ended
- Appendix
Kindly Dear Reader feel free and Honored to click and Listen to The Great Controversy Original Audio Book below, all Chapters:
- Read more about ROMAN CATHOLIC Jesuits' Bloody Shedding Oath and Long Time Protestants Extermination Agenda,Great Controversy Exposed all these madness above.1.[The Great Controversy: Chapter (1) The destruction of Jerusalem.](Kinyarwanda),
2.[The Great Controversy: Chapter (2) Persecution in the first centuries](Kinyarwanda),
3.[The Great Controversy: Chapter (3 )An era of spiritual darkness](Kinyarwanda),
4.[The Great Controversy: Chapter (4) The Waldenses.](Kinyarwanda),
5.[The Great Controversy: Chapter (5) John Wycliffe.](Kinyarwanda),
6.[The Great Controversy: Chapter (6) Huss And Jerome.](Kinyarwanda),
7.[The Great Controversy: Chapter (7) Luther's Separation From Rome.](Kinyarwanda),
8.[The Great Controversy: Chapter (8) Luther Before The Diet.](Kinyarwanda),
9.[The Great Controversy: Chapter (9) The Swiss Reformer.](Kinyarwanda),
10.[The Great Controversy: Chapter (10) Progress Of Reform In Germany.](Kinyarwanda),
11.[The Great Controversy: Chapter (11) Protest Of The Princes.](Kinyarwanda),
12.[The Great Controversy: Chapter (12) The French Reformation.](Kinyarwanda),
13.[The Great Controversy: Chapter (13) The Netherlands And Scandinavia.](Kinyarwanda),
14.[The Great Controversy: Chapter (14) Later English Reformers.](Kinyarwanda),
15.[The Great Controversy: Chapter (15) The Bible And The French Revolution.](Kinyarwanda),
16.[The Great Controversy: Chapter (16) The Pilgrim Fathers.](Kinyarwanda),
17.[The Great Controversy: Chapter (17) Heralds Of The Morning.](Kinyarwanda),
18.[The Great Controversy: Chapter (18) An American Reformer.](Kinyarwanda),
19.[The Great Controversy: Chapter (19) Light Through Darkness.](Kinyarwanda),
20.[The Great Controversy: Chapter (20) A Great Religious Awakening](Kinyarwanda),
21.[The Great Controversy: Chapter (21) A Warning Rejected.](Kinyarwanda),
22.[The Great Controversy: Chapter (22) Prophecies Fulfilled.](Kinyarwanda),
23.[The Great Controversy: Chapter (23) What Is The Sanctuary.](Kinyarwanda),
24.[The Great Controversy: Chapter (24) In The Holy Of Holies.](Kinyarwanda),
25.[The Great Controversy: Chapter (25) God's Law Immutable.](Kinyarwanda),
26."[The Great Controversy: Chapter (26) A Work Of Reform.](Kinyarwanda)=Holly Sabbath"
27.[The Great Controversy: Chapter (27) Modern Revivals.](Kinyarwanda),
28.[The Great Controversy: Chapter (28) Facing Life's Record.](Kinyarwanda),
29.[The Great Controversy: Chapter (29) The Origin Of Evil.](Kinyarwanda),
30.[The Great Controversy: Chapter (30) Enmity Between Man And Satan.](Kinyarwanda),
31.[The Great Controversy: Chapter (31) Agency Of Evil Spirits.](Kinyarwanda),
32.[The Great Controversy: Chapter (32) Snares Of Satan.](Kinyarwanda),
33.[The Great Controversy: Chapter (33) The First Great Deception.](Kinyarwanda),
34.[The Great Controversy: Chapter (34) Can Our Dead Speak To Us.](Kinyarwanda),
35.[The Great Controversy: Chapter (35) Liberty Of Conscience Threatened.](Kinyarwanda)=Madness of PAPACY.
36.[The Great Controversy: Chapter (36) The Impending Conflict.](Kinyarwanda),
37.[The Great Controversy: Chapter (37) The Scriptures A Safeguard.](Kinyarwanda),
38.[The Great Controversy: Chapter (38) The Final Warning.](Kinyarwanda),
39.[The Great Controversy: Chapter (39) The Time Of Trouble.](Kinyarwanda),
40.[The Great Controversy: Chapter (40) God's People Delivered.](Kinyarwanda)=JESUITS,
41.[The Great Controversy: Chapter (41) Desolation Of The Earth.](Kinyarwanda),
42.[The Great Controversy: Chapter (42) The Controversy Ended.](Kinyarwanda). - 43.https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B4njnO0DQSkMYjJLU2xnQ1h1S0JfakVUemF2aTMwUEJEMjBV/view
- Trump releases Call Transcript,Pelosi resumes Impeachment during Investigative Judgment.Is Pope Next, The End is Near.God wants every person to understand Investigative Judgement is going on right now before Jesus Comes Back, As it started in 22 October 1844.
- Microchip Technology is categorized among the future tools to link a human's brain with its earth's environment and POPE FRANCIS' COMMON GOOD(SUNDAY WORSHIP) by 2020;Moreover Students Need to Know More about Human made Microchips.
- Dr Marshall asks Pope Francis: Are you a heretic? Do you worship idols?Sabbath MUST Be Kept Fully: From Sunset To Sunset, Then Preach Sabbath To The World,“Pachamama” has become the new Catholic insider “Who am I to judge?".
- Ibyahishuwe 13:1-18
- Revelation Chapter 14
- Psalm 103 days of atonement Jesus is going to clean all sins for those God's 10 Commandments Keepers,repent, repent, repent to receive victory over sins:(A Psalm of David.) Bless the LORD, O my soul: and all that is within me, bless his holy name.
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