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Title: Re-Imagineering and Revisiting Ethiopiawinet and Ethiopianism
for our Time?
By
Mammo Muchie: DST/NRF Research Professor, Tshwane University of Technology
& TMDC, Oxford University, UK
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Abstract
It is
Ethiopiwinet that promoted Ethiopianism and now let us re-imagine, learn, know
and promote Ethiopianism to revitalize Ethiopiawinet by rejecting fully the
ethnic divisions that should never have been planted of all places in the world
in Ethiopia, the provider of spiritual strength for all the people of the world
that suffered from slavery, colonialism and imperialism. It is the sacred duty
of all of us to promote with Ethiopianism a new Ethiopiwinet where we all come
together by valuing a dialogue culture to solve any problem and never at all
using battles that bring war and killing to any Ethiopian anywhere at all. Let
us work together to realize fully to treat each other as one family and not as
relatives or strangers by promoting true values and principles that refuse to support
ethnic cleavages. Let us all work to love our people and Ethiopia as a united
community where we all believe better to hurt myself than hurting any other
Ethiopian by including all the ethnic communities without any exception. I myself
truly believe that better “I, Mammo die than seeing any Ethiopian or
African die, any Yoruba, Ibo, Amara, Oromo or any Tigre or Eritrean or any
Gurage and all die!”(Mammo Muchie). Let us value the rich spiritual a, knowledge
and struggle heritages to promote a
great go civilization now also as in the
past by making sure Ethiopiawinet anchored unity is the foundation to make us
all go forwards and onwards. Let us learn to agree how to promote a dialogue
culture and peaceful and intelligent debate never again to reduce Ethiopia to
any ethnic fracturing. Let us work for a new Ethiopiwainet civilizational
Manifesto. Ethiopianism had two Manifestos: the first in 1829 and the Second
five months after the Great African Adwa Victory in 1896. Let us create the
Ethiopiwinet for Ethiopianism and the Ethiopianism for Ethiopiwinet Manifesto
in 2018. All are invited to join no matter what politics they follow and what
political party they support at the moment. Let us work to produce the politics
that will promote Ethiopia to live forever and ever with a vision to create the
Ethiopwinet national character based entirely on two values: to promote the
learning, the sciences, the arts and the knowledge of all the people of
Ethiopian without any exception and to promote the wellbeing of the people by
making sure no Ethiopian is a beggar and goes thirsty and becomes shelter less
and the environment is safe and life enters into a civilizational dynamics.
That must be captured in the Ethiopiwinet for Ethiopianism and conversely for
Ethiopiawinism for Ethiopiwinet Manifesto! This is a call for all of you to move
away from the ethnics traps and re-discover and re-imagine a new Ethiopia that
can become a true model and example for creating a civilization and spiritual
anchored world at a time when the world is facing true challenges of where it
is going.
1. Introduction
There is an
intrinsic merit to preserve Ethiopianism and Ethiopiawinet for our time, and
not give in to the degrading mantra of ethnic enclosures that has degraded
civic Ethiopian citizenship to a particularly virulent and limiting concept of
the currently ethnically defined and vernacularly fenced off citizen. This
primordially and biologically defined ethnically fractured citizen must be
fully liberated to emerge as the Ethiopian citizen par excellence with full
human rights, self-worth, dignity, independence, agency and with the freedom to
self-organise, self-express, self-define and self-believe, self-realize and self-develop
as an Ethiopian citizen without diminishing any and all the human rights
regardless of language, ethnic origin, religion, gender and any other varieties
and diversity. Difference or diversity is no liability, and with Ethiopiawinet,
diversity can be an asset and Ethiopianism, as a global resistance to
colonialism and imperialism was founded upon Ethiopiawinet. Human rights come
first and it is a marker of our similarity that we all should celebrate.
Differences and diversity we should appreciate and see them as values to enrich
our humanity. There should be therefore no compromise on the Ethiopian and
African foundationally anchored framework for citizen full human rights expression
and engagement. Everything is negotiable once the foundational framework of
Ethiopiawinet for full human rights expression is accepted. There can be no
negotiation with those who arrogantly and impudently call Ethiopia a fiction
and an invention and recently even change the bible to remove the name Ethiopia
despite the fact Ethiopia describes the whole of Africa and the Indian Ocean
and even more regions of the world. Without the idea of Ethiopia, there is no
idea of a future for all those living in the current day geography that delineates
current day Ethiopia
Key questions
we all should address especially by all who play the current ethnically
tarnished politics are the following:
1. Can the current ethnically fractured organizations share Ethiopianism
and Ethiopiawinet and create a united front on values and principles they share
and agree whatever differences they have?
2. Will the current ethnically absorbed regime come out of its ethnic
politics and adopt Ethiopianism for pan-Africanism and the African Renaissance
and Ethiopiawinet for unity of all Ethiopians ad the realization of their full
human rights away from the fractured ethnic divisive rights?
3. How can the current missing political movement, that upholds the wider
Ethiopiawinet foundational anchor for full human rights expression, be created?
How can the
currently ethnical agitators by cashing in on their ethnic-vernacular group
identity become sober appreciating the need to unite the people of Ethiopia as
nothing else but to evolve as one humane family
benefiting and humbly appreciating the rich Ethiopiwinet history of
proven resistance, philosophy, humanity and civilization?.
.
2. Ethiopianism
Ethiopianism promoted African for
Africans, Africans for humanity and humanity for God. The slaves that were
denied both their humanity and their right to worship God as humans found
solace and comfort by looking at Ethiopia to have and express with confidence
and self-worth their right to be human and worship and open access to God. Both
in America in 1829 and in Southern Africa in 1896, two Ethiopian Manifesto's
expressing these rights to be African, human and the right to worship God were
created. No nation in this planet except Ethiopia had this distinction, grace,
opportunity and recognition. We ask now how much do current day Ethiopians know
that Ethiopia has this special spiritual quality bestowed upon it in this
planet. Are those who have not come across to know this extraordinary
recognition of Ethiopia as a spiritual fountain head for liberation of Africans
in particular and all the oppressed in the world in general now ready, open and
willing to learn and even more apply this powerful fore bearer of
Pan-Africanism to solve all the current problems Ethiopia faces by adding
spiritual value and strength to deal worth all the unending and lingering
material difficulties such as poverty, inequality, unemployment, corruption,
failure in leadership, governance, systems , institutions , services and values
of care and share to move Ethiopia on a forwards and onwards confident and
independent journey. Ethiopianism is a
spiritual fountainhead to unite all Ethiopians to make sure they all
acknowledge, appreciate and unite that the Ethiopia they have today has had
global appreciation as a great treasure for all humanity that have gone through
difficult times. Hurting Ethiopia today is tantamount to nothing else than to
undermine this spiritual legacy that Ethiopia gave to the world. The early
signs of Ethiopianism date back to the 16th century, when slaves in America
found solace in the promise of a homeland in the empire of Ethiopia in the Nile
region. The references to Ethiopia in the Bible ("Ethiopia" occurs more
than forty times) provided them with an ideology that they could use for their
spiritual, political, and cultural uplifting. By far "probably the most
widely quoted verse in Afro-American religious history"--is Psalm 68:31:
"Princes shall come out of Egypt; Ethiopia shall stretch her hands unto
God". The verse was interpreted as pointing to the end of the
"curse" on the black race--an end to the alienation of Africans as
humans from God. This was a European belief that was, to some extent, shared by
Africans. Thus came into being the movement of Ethiopianism as a "method
of winning Africa for Christ and God", and as a forerunner of the
"Africa for Africans”, "Africans for humanity" and
"humanity for God" movement and the subsequent African philosophies to
develop African unity to confront imperialist power. The verse gave rise to
what scholars have termed "a biblically-rooted pan-African
hermeneutic" that later became a widely used source of inspiration and
legitimization to inspire Africans to continue the struggle against colonial
domination. Some saw the beginning of the fulfillment of this prophetic verse
on the political level. For example, after the 1792-1800 successful slave
insurrection in Haiti, it was declared: "Thus doth Ethiopia begin to
stretch forth her hand, from the sink of slavery, to freedom and equality"
(Dread History, undated). In both America and Southern Africa, the Ethiopianism
movement was firstly a reaction to the discrimination in ecclesiastical
administration and the outright marginalization of black clergymen for no other
reason than the color of their skin. It was an unwritten law by white
missionary churches not to ordain black clergy. The fact this discrimination
took place in locations as far apart as America and South Africa over a long
period of time is proof that it was more a systemic practice than a symptom of
sporadic racism. The relevance of the Ethiopianism movement, philosophy and the
1829 and 1896 two manifesto's to current day Ethiopia is to move without fail
by making a paradigm shift from ethnic politics to Ethiopiwinet . Ethiopianism
was also reinforced by the 1896 decisive African Adwa Victory over World Empire,
as Raymond Jonas rightly put it. The fact that the 1896 Ethiopia Manifesto
originated during the time of the battle of Adwa makes also this great victory
part and parcel of the Ethiopianism movement. We should all work to make sure
that Adwa will be recognized finally not just as a place of an ant-colonial
successful battle, but more importantly also as a historical heritage site to
spread vast pan-African education across the entire Africana world for years to
come now and the future. Ethiopianism is said to have gone to the extent where
all non-European peoples have been defined as Ethiopians. It is a grand
philosophy where all the oppressed people are defined by the only Ethiopia that
was never colonized despite being colonially attacked many times. It is now
seen very relevant for promoting pan-Africanism and the African renaissance
3. Ethiopiawinet
Ethiopiawinet
has been expressed with a long memory of resistance that all the various
linguistic groups in Ethiopia expressed by uniting and struggling together. The
1896 great Adwa Victory was an expression of unity and the result of
Ethiopiwainet. The Ethiopianism movement globally should reinforce the
Ethiopiwinet to unite all Ethiopians with their full human rights also inside Ethiopia.
Failure to defend Ethiopia’s history, is also a failure to live up to the
worthy expectations of all those who derive so much spiritual energy from the
idea of Ethiopia as a free provider to the world of the ‘resistance-liberation
logocentric imagination’ that is much needed as a tangible resource still in
vulnerable and penetrable Africa.
Ethiopia
is synonymous with the very idea of a de-colonizing imagination. Its history of
successful resistance is the timeless bearer of this alternative decolonizing
logo for the spread of the African world’s liberation imagination. Ethiopia- as
an anti-colonial symbol- is very relevant today, as it was yesterday and will
be too in the future. The significance of Ethiopia’s history now, at a time
when Africa is being re-threatened with the scramble of Africa needs to be
appreciated. Its importance during this time when the former colonial powers
are returning to Africa with military aggression cannot be lost to both those
willing to resist the new aggression and those who commit this latest
aggression. At the core of Africawinet is this Ethiopiawinet that helped all
Ethiopians to unite and resist together. It is Ethiopiawinet that created
Ethiopianism globally. It is not only Ethiopianism but also Ethiopiawinet that is
at the core of the African renaissance. It is also at the core for ending
Africa’s repeated humiliation. This is because African unity can be anchored
with a value and dignity that Ethiopiawinet attained over 500 years of
resistance. This achievement by the Ethiopian-Africans that resisted all forms
of humiliation is a positive data for building Africa’s united future and to
bring back the African unity first agenda to the fore today. It is for these
reasons we respect our ancestors, whatever their shortcomings, and problems
they were unable to solve in their life times and left behind for future
generations to settle. They left the timeless inspiring resources to build
Africa’s united future. The positive data they left us in the Ethiopian history
remains to this day a relevant asset to build Africa’s much united future.
Ethiopians now and in the future must always value and treasure this great
historical achievement and not play the current ugly, divisive and cynical
ethnic games that the selfish ruling elite play by dividing and degrading this
core provider of Africa’s overall liberation imagination into vernacular-ethnic
enclaves. Ethiopians as Africans and not as degraded ethnic enclaves must unite
and strive to make ethnicism as a past by coming together with foresight and
sense of history. They should do it now and not tomorrow to restore the
historical imagination that will make a difference to the Africana world as a
whole!
Ethiopiawinet
should be built and developed from the following characteristics Ethiopia has
to this day:
b)
An internally generated civilization (written, art, architecture, music,
religion and so on),
b)
An internally generated civilization (written, art, architecture, music,
religion and so on),
c)
A history of resisting and scoring victories against economically and politico-
militarily superior forces,
d) A unique psychological makeup where the notion of the divine and the sacred graces every activity that the people engage in.
d) A unique psychological makeup where the notion of the divine and the sacred graces every activity that the people engage in.
The
individual, the state and the nation use for their lives divine presence
whether they are Christians, Muslims, Judaic and even Pagans. The state had its
own ethos and had its own ‘Fetah Negist’ and ‘Kibre Negist.’ In war we note how
the idea of the divine is invoked to give courage to the troops when they charge
(e.g. Giorgis’s participation in Adwa!) and in victory the people show humility
by referring that all their power is due to God.
Whether
we like it or not religion is a way of life to the rural majority of the
population. And the change we want, the modernisation we seek is to make life
better for the majority of the rural areas. We do not go and preach
Jeffersonian democracy or Marxism to them. If we are serious we go and learn
from them and build on their beliefs and make modernisation sensible by
translating it into the language and way of life they are used to. This is how
Japan, Korea and others did it by appreciating their context but not rejecting
it like the strange ruling elites that replaced the traditional system are
doing now!
Even
China with its Marxism did not reject Menicusian, Confucian, Taoist and
Buddhist values which the population had. They tried to Sinnify their modernist
weapon Marxism so that the people can embrace it. Like everything else which
came into contact with China, Marxism became absorbed rather than the other way
round! They call it Marxism which Chinese characteristics and in reality in
China Marxism was not used like in Ethiopia. Mao Tse Tung started by
investigating first the peasant movement in Hunan where he was born, not by
throwing half-baked and non-comprehended phrases from Lenin and Stalin. He did
not select phrases that insult to persecute and even kill his comrades as it
happened in Ethiopia. Never forget in Ethiopia after people were killed, the
strangest things also have taken place where apparently along with the dead
body was placed ‘I was a dog’ and I deserve to be killed — or some strange an-Ethiopian
and anti-humane things were done! When a person dies in Ethiopian culture, one
always tries to remember the good the person did by trying to forget the bad
the person did. This is the noble culture that was inherited from Ethiopia’s
past that was abused by doing these strange things to dead bodies!
There
is an Ethiopian value system from our tradition that we need to bring back and
blend with modernisation. The core ideas are the four key principles of
Ethiopiawinet. We need to treasure them, not fight Ethiopiawinet! What makes
the person from the South to those in the North connect mysteriously is this
shared experience which was passed on from the wider Ethiopian culture
confluence and communication.
4. Acknowledging
Generational Mistakes
Our
generation was very dedicated, committed but we were engaged in intellectual
copying. We ignored both history and reality, lacking knowledge about
Ethiopianism in general- and we have embarked on a journey that has cost
Ethiopia dearly. Basically we said because Marx, Engels and Lenin are right, The
Ethiopiwinet upholding leaders coming from different ethnic backgrounds such as
Emperor Twedros, Yohannes, Menelik and Haile Selassie are wrong. This was a
very dogmatic logic, ignoring both historical evidence and reality. Did we not
pay a price badly for this? We still do. We better ground ourselves in our own
history, our own challenges and how to change society by a process of grounded
appreciative theorizing. We did not do this. We need to bring back the anti-
colonial and anti- imperialist and nationalist imagination coming naturally
from Ethiopia’s history that continues to be treasured by Africans the world
over with the continuous promotion of Ethiopianism as Pan-Africanism and the
African renaissance...
Our
generation rejected this by mounting two major myths: a) the Dergue employing Jacobin-Stalinist
terror tried to force its hackneyed “Marxism” down the throat of the bewildered
population, b) the various ethnic based fractional movements echoing rhetorics
from China, Albania, Vietnam and so on tried to create ideologies of
Tigreanism, Eritreanism, Oromoism and recently Amharism and anything and
everything but Ethiopianism. They even have ethnic flags. We have many flags in
Ethiopia now, not one flag that I see every day also in much of Africa and the
rest of the world. Others are proud to use the Ethiopian flag, whilst the
ruling ethnic elite diversify the number of flags to entrench ethnicism and
undermine Ethiopian history.
Ethiopia
is in a strange paradox: Ethiopia reminds me of Witgestein’s prescient remark
of a nation being run by elites who are trying to disrupt its future by
climbing through the chimney and the window of ethnic fragmentation, when all
along the Ethiopiawinet as the Africawinet door to build its glorious future
has been wide open.
What
is wrong with holding on and inheriting our Ethiopia and add development,
eradication of poverty, creating full employment and equality without breaking
the framework and subtracting the nation and parceling the state? Do we need to
regress by relying on the politicisation of culture, language and blood to
blackmail our way into power with Ethiopia as it is or by breaking it up
altogether?
I
believe the best and most possible cultural rights and expression for all the
ethnic communities without subjecting them to ethnic cleansing and other
violence is feasible with a healthy Ethiopiawinet for the full expression of
all human rights. I do not see why we should not organise by affirming
Ethiopawinet and maintain active local engagement wherever we come from. The
key is to democratise the state, individual and the nation by affirming and not
being condescending
to the past.
to the past.
The
theory of the nation which decomposes Ethiopia by weaving the myths of
Tigreanism, Eritreanism, Oromoism and so on goes counter to the core experience
of the people, their long history, tradition, character and above all their
historically evolved nationhood and state formation. None of our earlier
leaders the Ethiopiwinet upholding leaders such as Aste Twedros, Aste Yohannes,
Aste Menelik, Aste Haile Selassie and their generals like Ras Alula and Aba
Jiffar and all fought ethnically, they all resisted foreign aggression by
expressing fully Ethiopiawinet.
The
Lenin-Stalin notion of the nation which the fractionalisers have imported their
divisive politics from to Ethiopia is too scholastic, mechanistic, and
deterministic. Itemizing factors of language, territory, psychological make-up
and unleashing every petty nationalist bigot to search how his ethnic group
might fulfill one or the other factor in full or in part is one of the most
unattractive ventures which corrupts science and social practice at the same
time.
Neither
the ethnicism of Tigreans, Oromos and so on and nor Stalin’s shopping list
definition of a nation are relevant to the Ethiopian situation. They cannot be
a higher reality to the experience of our people. An experience where there was
injustice along with civilisation, a history of epic resistance and a unique
psychological make-up involving the concept of the sacred in the everyday
living of all Ethiopians. The attack on this divinely graced Ethiopianet ”
wukabi gefafi new” (is de-spiritualising/demeaning!)!
It
has been said that the longer we look back in the history of a nation, the
further we can look forward or forge ahead in building a collective future. It
has also been claimed that history is to a nation as a memory is to an
individual. For an individual to lose memory is to lose a grip of reality. It
has been a maxim held by African sages: ’They lost their history, so they lost
everything.’ A nation, if it wishes to remain a nation must not be denied its
right and indeed privilege to make a conception of
history that yields direction and a future and insulates it from falling into a directionless and chaotic path.
history that yields direction and a future and insulates it from falling into a directionless and chaotic path.
Arguably,
contemporary challenges and demands must be taken into account into a nation’s
history-making processes, but they must also be confronted to avoid the
mindless rejection of Ethiopia’s historical achievements and the intelligent
learning from the innumerable failures that is necessary to do individually and
collectively as a people. Anything made at the expense of making a nation lose
its historical identity, which is not, incidentally constituted from more than
the sum of the arithmetic additions of a sum of languages, religions,
territory, number of people in an ethnic group, and other variables is to
undermine the ontological foundation of Ethiopia as an idea, a dream, project
and nation.
Those
who wish to opt out make not only themselves suffer, but also those who wish to
remain with a positive and constructive rather than destructive and negative
appreciation of Ethiopia’s long history. We have seen what came of Eritrea
after leaving Ethiopia? We were told Eritrea would be
the South East Asian tiger, but is it that now? Is that what has become of Eritrea by the EPLF’s and TPLF’s gratuitous saying good bye to Eritrea’s core history which is tied with an umbilical cord with Ethiopia’s long social-economic history. History provides self-knowledge to a nation and that self-understanding is a necessary condition to undertake any meaningful development. Lack of consciousness of a nation’s history is not simply an intellectual failure. It can be a moral failure as it can expose unnecessarily a nation to unpredictable danger and suffering. We owe it to our ancestors who bequeathed a nation with history to avoid extremism, negotiate out of our conflicts, and find mechanisms to make social peace amongst individuals, communities and personalities.
the South East Asian tiger, but is it that now? Is that what has become of Eritrea by the EPLF’s and TPLF’s gratuitous saying good bye to Eritrea’s core history which is tied with an umbilical cord with Ethiopia’s long social-economic history. History provides self-knowledge to a nation and that self-understanding is a necessary condition to undertake any meaningful development. Lack of consciousness of a nation’s history is not simply an intellectual failure. It can be a moral failure as it can expose unnecessarily a nation to unpredictable danger and suffering. We owe it to our ancestors who bequeathed a nation with history to avoid extremism, negotiate out of our conflicts, and find mechanisms to make social peace amongst individuals, communities and personalities.
5. Concluding Remarks
It
is with a larger purpose and depth of thinking, commitment and dedication that
we should cherish both the long memory and current meaning to us of being
Ethiopian. There is intrinsic merit to preserve this ancient nation, and not
give in to the degrading mantra of ethnic enclosures that has degraded civic
Ethiopian citizenship to a particularly virulent and limiting concept of the
ethnically defined and vernacularly fenced off citizen. This primordially and
biologically condemned citizen must be fully liberated to emerge as the
Ethiopian citizen par excellence. There can be no compromise on the Ethiopian
and African framework for citizen expression and engagement. Everything is
negotiable once the framework is accepted. There can be no negotiation with those
who arrogantly and impudently call Ethiopia a fiction and an invention. Without
the idea of Ethiopia, there is no idea of a future. Let us not forget that
Ethiopia was the first non-European country that defeated a European power. The
Japanese sent delegations to learn how Ethiopians organised to defeat a
European imperial power. Many Africans in the Diaspora from America to the West
Indies were inspired to continue the struggle for liberation owing to this
historic achievement.
Finally Ethiopia can achieve by creating a dialogue
culture far away from the current inter –ethnic wars to priortise above all
else the wellbeing of all the people to make sure no Ethiopian goes hungry, no
Ethiopian is poor, no Ethiopian becomes a beggar and no Ethiopian becomes shelter
less or goes thirsty. We can build this
opportunity by making sure we all galvanize the values and principles that the
following key achievements have bestowed upon our beloved Ethiopia where we all
must feel genuinely lucky to be born anywhere else but our Ethiopia.
Let
us re-learn both the related
a)
Ethiopianism
b)
Ethiopiawinet
It is Ethiopiwinet that promoted Ethiopiannism
not ethnicism. . Now it is Ethiopianism’s turn to promote Ethiopiawinet unity
and help eradicate divisive ethnic politics by promoting human rights creating
a win-win outcome for the wellbeing of all regardless of how varied the
diversity and differences in language, religion, ethnic origin, gender and
all.
It
is time to do away with ethnic politics by the regime and those who oppose it
using ethnic platforms and programmes... let the entire struggle be for Ethiopians
and any ethnic injustice should be rectified with Ethiopiawinet and
Ethiopianism.
Let
us finally do away with ethnic politics and poverty by reaching out to all of
us to realize the grand vision of Ethiopia’s historical presence to facilitate
a united, peaceful, and prosperous and well-being anchored Ethiopia in the
eternal river of time.The World fears time. Time
fears history and history fears Ethiopia. Why? Ethiopia did not provide
material help to the oppressed people of the world; it was able to provide
spiritual public good to the world by her sheer presence resisting successfully
all forms of colonial aggressions. This makes Ethiopia go beyond becoming a
mere nation; Ethiopiawinet promoted Ethiopianism and now it is time for
Ethiopianism to promote Ethiopiwinet to remove ethnic politics of all places
being planted in Ethiopia. Both Ethiopiwinet and Ethiopianism together make
Ethiopia a civilization, history and humanity combined. Ethiopia is not just
history. It is not just civilization. It is not just philosophy. It is not just
humanity. It is a great synthesis of all of them. It gave spiritual strength
to, Africans to realise their humanity and their direct access to God. It is a
great inspiration just by sheer sense of its very being becoming recognized as
the provider of liberation resources to all humanity. Ethiopianism buttressed
by her Ethiopiwinet history explains philosophically her historical presence as
evidence providing so much spiritual strength, confidence, independence,
self-worth, agency and freedom to those who were denied their humanity and
their right to worship God as Christians. Ethiopianism remains relevant now
also to continue the spiritual inspiration to all the oppressed that continue
to suffer in a world that is driven by ideas that are ontologically shallow and
epistemologically dry. Ethiopianism can help remove the epistemic vice of
ethnic division to promote the epistemic virtue of unity with upholding the rich
Ethiopiwinet that kept Ethiopia not to fall as victim to colonialism. Ethiopianism
promotes pan-Africanism and the African renaissance through the Ethiopiwinet
support it enjoyed throughout history. Let us go for both Ethiopiawinent and
Ethiopianism, pan-Africanism and the African renaissance. No tribalism and no ethnics
ever in Ethiopia and the rest of Africa. We are many that are united as one and
let us not talk it, let us do it with peaceful, civilised discourse rather than
using all the divisive politics that we keep mimicking from various sources.
Let Africa with the Ethiopia that has given so much spiritual strength lives
forever and ever!!!
5. References
Approved on September 29th, 2017
Iraguha Bandora Yves
Founder and President of AUSC.
Kigali-Rwanda-East African Community (EAC).
www.africanunionsc.org
More readings for African Diaspora :
https://www.thenigerianvoice.com/news/253273/caricom-deals-a-blow-to-us-plans-for-regime-change-in-venezu.html
1st All Afrikana First Youth Congress-1st AAFYC2017
Http://www.africanunionsc.org/2017/09/your-answer-to-congress-preparation.html
Your Answer to the congress preparation "Could you please share a little how everything is going on ready for the conference in Kigali?",Updates from AUSC President and Founder' s Office in Kigali Rwanda;Friday September 29th, 2017, You can't believe what I'm seeing!, it's amazing, and awesome #1stAAFYSC2017 conference going to happen in Kigali Rwanda.
http://www.africanunionsc.org/…/ausc-international-communic…
Please Young Africans, Apply from here are your Opportunities for studying and networking abroad.
Please Share for others to join 1stAAFYC2017.
#1staafysc2017
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